Flink 1.14.0 消费 kafka 数据自定义反序列化类
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在最近发布的 Flink 1.14.0 版本中对 Source 接口进行了重构,细节可以参考 FLIP-27: Refactor Source Interface
重构之后 API 层面的改动还是非常大的,那在使用新的 API 消费 kafka 数据的时候如何自定义序列化类呢?
Kafka Source
KafkaSource<String> source = KafkaSource.<String>builder()
.setBootstrapServers(brokers)
.setTopics("input-topic")
.setGroupId("my-group")
.setStartingOffsets(OffsetsInitializer.earliest())
.setValueOnlyDeserializer(new SimpleStringSchema())
.build();
env.fromSource(source, WatermarkStrategy.noWatermarks(), "Kafka Source");
KafkaSourceBuilder 类提供了两个方法来反序列数据,分别是 setDeserializer 和 setValueOnlyDeserializer 从名字上就应该可以看出这两者的区别,前者是反序列化完整的 ConsumerRecord,后者只反序列化 ConsumerRecord 的 value.然后我们来看一下底层的源码
KafkaSourceBuilder 源码
/**
* Sets the {@link KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema deserializer} of the {@link
* org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord ConsumerRecord} for KafkaSource.
*
* @param recordDeserializer the deserializer for Kafka {@link
* org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord ConsumerRecord}.
* @return this KafkaSourceBuilder.
*/
public KafkaSourceBuilder<OUT> setDeserializer(
KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema<OUT> recordDeserializer) {
this.deserializationSchema = recordDeserializer;
return this;
}
/**
* Sets the {@link KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema deserializer} of the {@link
* org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord ConsumerRecord} for KafkaSource. The given
* {@link DeserializationSchema} will be used to deserialize the value of ConsumerRecord. The
* other information (e.g. key) in a ConsumerRecord will be ignored.
*
* @param deserializationSchema the {@link DeserializationSchema} to use for deserialization.
* @return this KafkaSourceBuilder.
*/
public KafkaSourceBuilder<OUT> setValueOnlyDeserializer(
DeserializationSchema<OUT> deserializationSchema) {
this.deserializationSchema =
KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema.valueOnly(deserializationSchema);
return this;
}
可以看到这两个方法实际上是一样的,虽然两个方法的参数不同,setDeserializer 方法参数类型是 KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema 而 setValueOnlyDeserializer 方法的参数类型是 DeserializationSchema 那这两种参数类型有什么区别和联系呢?下面会进一步解释, 但是这两个方法最后返回的都是 KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema 对象,我们继续来看 KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema 的源码
先来看一下 DeserializationSchema 的部分源码
DeserializationSchema 源码
@Public
public interface DeserializationSchema<T> extends Serializable, ResultTypeQueryable<T> {
@PublicEvolving
default void open(InitializationContext context) throws Exception {}
T deserialize(byte[] message) throws IOException;
@PublicEvolving
default void deserialize(byte[] message, Collector<T> out) throws IOException {
T deserialize = deserialize(message);
if (deserialize != null) {
out.collect(deserialize);
}
}
boolean isEndOfStream(T nextElement);
}
KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema 源码
/** An interface for the deserialization of Kafka records. */
public interface KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema<T> extends Serializable, ResultTypeQueryable<T> {
@PublicEvolving
default void open(DeserializationSchema.InitializationContext context) throws Exception {}
@PublicEvolving
void deserialize(ConsumerRecord<byte[], byte[]> record, Collector<T> out) throws IOException;
static <V> KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema<V> of(
KafkaDeserializationSchema<V> kafkaDeserializationSchema) {
return new KafkaDeserializationSchemaWrapper<>(kafkaDeserializationSchema);
}
static <V> KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema<V> valueOnly(
DeserializationSchema<V> valueDeserializationSchema) {
return new KafkaValueOnlyDeserializationSchemaWrapper<>(valueDeserializationSchema);
}
static <V> KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema<V> valueOnly(
Class<? extends Deserializer<V>> valueDeserializerClass) {
return new KafkaValueOnlyDeserializerWrapper<>(
valueDeserializerClass, Collections.emptyMap());
}
static <V, D extends Configurable & Deserializer<V>>
KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema<V> valueOnly(
Class<D> valueDeserializerClass, Map<String, String> config) {
return new KafkaValueOnlyDeserializerWrapper<>(valueDeserializerClass, config);
}
}
顾名思义,这两个都是反序列接口,并且都继承了 Serializable, ResultTypeQueryable 这两个接口。不同点是,deserialize 方法的参数不一样,KafkaDeserializationSchema 接口很明显是为反序列化 kafka 数据而生的。DeserializationSchema 接口可以反序列化任意二进制数据,更加具有通用性。所以这两个是同一级接口
如果你想要获取 kafka 的元数据信息选择实现 KafkaDeserializationSchema 接口就可以了,KafkaDeserializationSchema 接口还有 4 个静态方法,其中的 of 方法就是用来反序列化 ConsumerRecord 的,剩下的 3 个 valueOnly 是用来反序列化 kafka 消息中的 value 的.
到这里就非常清楚了,如果我们要自定义序列化类,实现 DeserializationSchema 和 KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema 任何一个都是可以的.下面就以 KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema 接口为例,实现一个简单的反序列化类.
MyKafkaDeserialization 自定义序列化类
package flink.stream.deserialization;
import bean.Jason;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.KafkaDeserializationSchema;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class MyKafkaDeserialization implements KafkaDeserializationSchema<Jason> {
private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MyKafkaDeserialization.class);
private final String encoding = "UTF8";
private boolean includeTopic;
private boolean includeTimestamp;
public MyKafkaDeserialization(boolean includeTopic, boolean includeTimestamp) {
this.includeTopic = includeTopic;
this.includeTimestamp = includeTimestamp;
}
@Override
public TypeInformation<Jason> getProducedType() {
return TypeInformation.of(Jason.class);
}
@Override
public boolean isEndOfStream(Jason nextElement) {
return false;
}
@Override
public Jason deserialize(ConsumerRecord<byte[], byte[]> consumerRecord) throws Exception {
if (consumerRecord != null) {
try {
String value = new String(consumerRecord.value(), encoding);
Jason jason = JSON.parseObject(value, Jason.class);
if (includeTopic) jason.setTopic(consumerRecord.topic());
if (includeTimestamp) jason.setTimestamp(consumerRecord.timestamp());
return jason;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("deserialize failed : " + e.getMessage());
}
}
return null;
}
}
整个实现是非常简单的,这样就可以把消费到的数据反序列化成自己想要的格式,虽然 Flink 1.14.0 重构了 Source 接口,但是反序列化接口几乎没变,只不过在原有的基础上增加了几个方法而已.
使用
KafkaSource<Jason> source = KafkaSource.<Jason>builder()
.setProperty("security.protocol", "SASL_PLAINTEXT")
.setProperty("sasl.mechanism", "PLAIN")
.setProperty("sasl.jaas.config", "org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username=\\"" + username + "\\" password=\\"" + password + "\\";")
// discover new partitions per 10 seconds
.setProperty("partition.discovery.interval.ms", "10000")
.setBootstrapServers(broker)
.setTopics(topic)
.setGroupId(group_id)
.setStartingOffsets(OffsetsInitializer.earliest())
.setDeserializer(KafkaRecordDeserializationSchema.of(new MyKafkaDeserialization(true, true)))
// 只反序列化 value
.setValueOnlyDeserializer(new MyDeSerializer())
.build();
setDeserializer 和 setValueOnlyDeserializer 只用设置一个即可.
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