基础处理基于matlab Fxlms算法有源噪声控制系统含Matlab源码 1394期

Posted 2021-11-02 紫极神光

一、FxLMS算法简介

滤波x-LMS算法，即FxLMS算法，是在LMS算法的基础上，考虑了次级声通道对主动噪声控制系统的影响而进行的改进，其算法原理框图如图1所示。

图1 反馈FxLMS自适应算法原理框图
其中，x(n)为估计的参考信号，W(Z)为横向滤波器，S(Z)为次级扬声器到误差传声器之间的声学路径，yw(n)表示滤波器的输出，Sh(Z)为S(Z)的估计，理论上，Sh(Z)与S(Z)相等，e(n)为残余噪声。
FxLMS算法的计算过程如下：
1)计算滤波器输出yw(n)

式中 wL=[w0(n),w1(n),w2(n),…,wL-1(n)]为滤波抽头权系数；x(n-L)=[x(n),x(n-1),…,(n-L+1)]为滤波器对应的输入向量，L为滤波器的长度。
2)计算传递到误差传声器的声波ys(n)
ys(n)=yw(n)S(n) (2)
式中 “”为线性卷积运算，S(n)为S(Z)的脉冲响应。
3)计算LMS算法的输入信号xh(n)
xh(n)=x(n)*Sh(n) (3)
式中 Sh(n)为Sh(Z)的脉冲响应。
4)计算残余噪声e(n)
e(n)=d(n)+ys(n) (4)
5)计算抽头权系数向量w(n)的更新
w(n+1)=w(n)+2μe(n)·xh(n) (5)
式中 μ为固定步长因子，其收敛范围如下式所示

式中 Δ为考虑次级路径存在的延迟，Pxn为滤波输入信号的功率。

二、部分源代码

%--------------------------------------------------------------------------

%--------------------------------------------------------------------------

% Set simulation duration (normalized) 
clear
T=1000; 

% We do not know P(z) and S(z) in reality. So we have to make dummy paths
Pw=[0.01 0.25 0.5 1 0.5 0.25 0.01];
Sw=Pw*0.25;

% Remember that the first task is to estimate S(z). So, we can generate a
% white noise signal,


% send it to the actuator, and measure it at the sensor position, 


% Then, start the identification process
Shx=zeros(1,16);     % the state of Sh(z)
Shw=zeros(1,16);     % the weight of Sh(z)
e_iden=zeros(1,T);   % data buffer for the identification error

% and apply least mean square algorithm
mu=0.1;                         % learning rate
for k=1:T,                      % discrete time k
  
    Shy=sum(Shx.*Shw);	        % calculate output of Sh(z)
    e_iden(k)=y_iden(k)-Shy;    % calculate error         
    Shw=Shw+mu*e_iden(k)*Shx;   % adjust the weight
end

% Lets check the result
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([1:T], e_iden)
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('Discrete time k');
legend('Identification error');
subplot(2,1,2)
stem(Sw) 
hold on 
stem(Shw, 'r*')
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('Numbering of filter tap');
legend('Coefficients of S(z)', 'Coefficients of Sh(z)')


% The second task is the active control itself. Again, we need to simulate 
% the actual condition. In practice, it should be an iterative process of
% 'measure', 'control', and 'adjust'; sample by sample. Now, let's generate 
% the noise: 
X=randn(1,T);

% and measure the arriving noise at the sensor position,

  
% Initiate the system,
Cx=zeros(1,16);       % the state of C(z)
Cw=zeros(1,16);       % the weight of C(z)
Sx=zeros(size(Sw));   % the dummy state for the secondary path
e_cont=zeros(1,T);    % data buffer for the control error
Xhx=zeros(1,16);      % the state of the filtered x(k)

% and apply the FxLMS algorithm
mu=0.1;                            % learning rate
for k=1:T,                         % discrete time k
    Cx=[X(k) Cx(1:15)];            % update the controller state    
    Cy=sum(Cx.*Cw);                % calculate the controller output	
    Sx=[Cy Sx(1:length(Sx)-1)];    % propagate to secondary path
    e_cont(k)=Yd(k)-sum(Sx.*Sw);   % measure the residue
  
end

% Report the result
figure
subplot(2,1,1)
plot([1:T], e_cont)
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('Discrete time k');
legend('Noise residue')
subplot(2,1,2)
plot([1:T], Yd) 
hold on 
plot([1:T], Yd-e_cont, 'r:')
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('Discrete time k');
legend('Noise signal', 'Control signal')

三、运行结果

四、matlab版本及参考文献

1 matlab版本
2014a

2 参考文献
[1]韩纪庆,张磊,郑铁然.语音信号处理（第3版）[M].清华大学出版社，2019.
[2]柳若边.深度学习:语音识别技术实践[M].清华大学出版社，2019.
[3]龚孝平,郭勇,刘强,朱再胜.驾驶室主动降噪的改进FxLMS算法及DSP实现[J].传感器与微系统. 2021,40(09