Kubernetes 管理员认证(CKA)考试笔记

Posted 山河已无恙

tags:

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写在前面

  • 嗯，准备考 cka证书，报了个班，花了一个月工资，好心疼呀，一定要考过去。
  • 这篇博客是报班听课后整理的笔记，适合温习。
  • 博文内容涉及 docker ,k8s；
  • 写的有点多了，因为粘贴了代码，所以只能分开发布
  • 本部分内容涉及docker相关复习，k8s集群搭建
  • 博文设计镜像小伙伴有需要可以留言

生活的意义就是学着真实的活下去，生命的意义就是寻找生活的意义 -----山河已无恙

一、docker 基础

1、容器 ？= docker

容器是什么？docker是什么？ 启动盘小伙伴都不陌生，电脑系统坏了，开不了机，我们插一个启动盘就可以了，这个启动盘里有一些基础的软件，那么这里，我们用的启动盘，就可以理解是一个类似镜像的东东，这个启动盘在电脑上运行一个系统，这个win PE系统就是一个容器，这个系统运行需要的物理内存CPU都是从物理机获取，也就是我们开不了机的那个电脑。

那现实场景中，我们要多管理容器和镜像，要怎么办，不能一个镜像放到一个U盘里吧，这里我们 需要一个 runtime(运行时)，即用于管理容器的一种软件，比如 runc lxc gvisor kata这些，只能管理容器，不能管理镜像，他们被称为 低级别运行时。

低级别的运行时功能单一，不能管理镜像，这时候需要有 高级别的运行时，比如 docker podman containerd ..，用来调用管理低级别运行时 runc 等，即能管理容器，也能管理镜像。k8s是用来管理高级别运行时的。

关闭屏保

setterm -blank 0

配置yum源

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget ftp://ftp.rhce.cc/k8s/* -P  /etc/yum.repos.d/

配置docker加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://2tefyfv7.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

使用国内仓库

华为云
网易云
阿里云

2.docker镜像管理

┌──(liruilong㉿Liruilong)-[/mnt/c/Users/lenovo]
└─$ ssh root@192.168.26.55
Last login: Fri Oct  1 16:39:16 2021 from 192.168.26.1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ systemctl  status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-09-26 02:07:56 CST; 1 weeks 0 days ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 1004 (dockerd)
   Memory: 136.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           └─1004 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
。。。。。。。
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
docker镜像管理
镜像的命名方式默认docker.io,
docker pull 镜像拉镜像
docker tag 镜像打标签，重命名，类似于linxu里的硬连接
docker rmi 镜像删除
docker save 镜像名 > filename.tar保存,备份
docker load -i filename.tar导入
docker export 容器名 > filename.tar把容器导出为镜像:
导入 cat filename.tardocker import - 镜像名
docker history xxxx --no-trunc可以显示完整的构建内容
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker images | grep -v TAG | awk '{print $1":"$2}'
nginx:latest
mysql:latest

备份所有镜像
docker images | grep -v TAG | awk '{print $1":"$2}' | xargs docker save >all.tar

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker images | grep -v TAG | awk '{print $1":"$2}' | xargs docker save  >all.tar
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ ls
all.tar  docker_images_util_202110032229_UCPY4C5k.sh

删除所有镜像
docker images | grep -v TAG | awk '{print $1":"$2}' | xargs docker rmi

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
nginx        latest    f8f4ffc8092c   5 days ago   133MB
mysql        latest    2fe463762680   5 days ago   514MB
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker images | grep -v TAG | awk '{print $1":"$2}' | xargs docker rmi
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:765e51caa9e739220d59c7f7a75508e77361b441dccf128483b7f5cce8306652
Deleted: sha256:f8f4ffc8092c956ddd6a3a64814f36882798065799b8aedeebedf2855af3395b
Deleted: sha256:f208904eecb00a0769d263e81b8234f741519fefa262482d106c321ddc9773df
Deleted: sha256:ed6dd2b44338215d30a589d7d36cb4ffd05eb28d2e663a23108d03b3ac273d27
Deleted: sha256:c9958d4f33715556566095ccc716e49175a1fded2fa759dbd747750a89453490
Deleted: sha256:c47815d475f74f82afb68ef7347b036957e7e1a1b0d71c300bdb4f5975163d6a
Deleted: sha256:3b06b30cf952c2f24b6eabdff61b633aa03e1367f1ace996260fc3e236991eec
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:4fcf5df6c46c80db19675a5c067e737c1bc8b0e78e94e816a778ae2c6577213d
Deleted: sha256:2fe4637626805dc6df98d3dc17fa9b5035802dcbd3832ead172e3145cd7c07c2
Deleted: sha256:e00bdaa10222919253848d65585d53278a2f494ce8c6a445e5af0ebfe239b3b5
Deleted: sha256:83411745a5928b2a3c2b6510363218fb390329f824e04bab13573e7a752afd50
Deleted: sha256:e8e521a71a92aad623b250b0a192a22d54ad8bbeb943f7111026041dce20d94f
Deleted: sha256:024ee0ef78b28663bc07df401ae3a258ae012bd5f37c2960cf638ab4bc04fafd
Deleted: sha256:597139ec344c8cb622127618ae21345b96dd23e36b5d04b071a3fd92d207a2c0
Deleted: sha256:28909b85bd680fc47702edb647a06183ae5f3e3020f44ec0d125bf75936aa923
Deleted: sha256:4e007ef1e2a3e1e0ffb7c0ad8c9ea86d3d3064e360eaa16e7c8e10f514f68339
Deleted: sha256:b01d7bbbd5c0e2e5ae10de108aba7cd2d059bdd890814931f6192c97fc8aa984
Deleted: sha256:d98a368fc2299bfa2c34cc634fa9ca34bf1d035e0cca02e8c9f0a07700f18103
Deleted: sha256:95968d83b58ae5eec87e4c9027baa628d0e24e4acebea5d0f35eb1b957dd4672
Deleted: sha256:425adb901baf7d6686271d2ce9d42b8ca67e53cffa1bc05622fd0226ae40e9d8
Deleted: sha256:476baebdfbf7a68c50e979971fcd47d799d1b194bcf1f03c1c979e9262bcd364
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]

导入所有镜像
docker load -i all.tar

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker load -i all.tar
476baebdfbf7: Loading layer  72.53MB/72.53MB
525950111558: Loading layer  64.97MB/64.97MB
0772cb25d5ca: Loading layer  3.072kB/3.072kB
6e109f6c2f99: Loading layer  4.096kB/4.096kB
88891187bdd7: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
65e1ea1dc98c: Loading layer  7.168kB/7.168kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
f2f5bad82361: Loading layer  338.4kB/338.4kB
96fe563c6126: Loading layer  9.557MB/9.557MB
44bc6574c36f: Loading layer  4.202MB/4.202MB
e333ff907af7: Loading layer  2.048kB/2.048kB
4cffbf4e4fe3: Loading layer  53.77MB/53.77MB
42417c6d26fc: Loading layer  5.632kB/5.632kB
c786189c417d: Loading layer  3.584kB/3.584kB
2265f824a3a8: Loading layer  378.8MB/378.8MB
6eac57c056e6: Loading layer  5.632kB/5.632kB
92b76bd444bf: Loading layer  17.92kB/17.92kB
0b282e0f658a: Loading layer  1.536kB/1.536kB
Loaded image: mysql:latest
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
nginx        latest    f8f4ffc8092c   5 days ago   133MB
mysql        latest    2fe463762680   5 days ago   514MB
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

一个mysql镜像会运行一个 mysql进程， CMD [“mysqld”] 

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker history mysql
IMAGE          CREATED      CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
2fe463762680   5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["mysqld"]               0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 3306 33060            0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entryp…   34B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:345a22fe55d3e678…   14.5kB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:2e040acc386ebd23b…   1.12kB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  VOLUME [/var/lib/mysql]      0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c {   echo mysql-community-server m…   378MB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c echo 'deb http://repo.mysql.com/a…   55B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_VERSION=8.0.26-…   0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_MAJOR=8.0          0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c set -ex;  key='A4A9406876FCBD3C45…   1.84kB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   52.2MB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d    0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c set -eux;  savedAptMark="$(apt-ma…   4.17MB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12        0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   9.34MB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -…   329kB
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B
<missing>      5 days ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:99db7cfe7952a1c7a…   69.3MB
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

3.docker管理容器

命令描述
docker run 镜像最简单的一个容器
docker run -it --rm hub.c.163.com/library/centos /bin/bash有终端，有交互
docker run -dit -h node --name=c1 镜像名 命令加名字，创建后不进去，进入 --attach，不进入 --detach，守护进程方式
docker run -dit --restart=always 镜像名 命令退出时，容器依然活跃，设置自动重启
docker run -it --rm 镜像名 命令进程结束，删除
docker run -dit --restart=always -e 变量1=值1 -e 变量2=值2 镜像变量传递
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -it --name=c1 centos
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
[root@f418f094e0d8 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@f418f094e0d8 /]# exit
exit
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
f418f094e0d8   centos    "/bin/bash"   51 seconds ago   Exited (0) 4 seconds ago             c1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -it --restart=always --name=c2 centos
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
[root@ecec30685687 /]# exit
exit
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
ecec30685687   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 seconds ago        Up 1 second                               c2
f418f094e0d8   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             c1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker rm c1
c1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker rm c2
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container ecec30685687c9f0af08ea721f6293a3fb635c8290bee3347bb54f11ff3e32fa. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -itd --restart=always --name=c2 centos
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/c2" is already in use by container "ecec30685687c9f0af08ea721f6293a3fb635c8290bee3347bb54f11ff3e32fa". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
See 'docker run --help'.
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -itd --restart=always --name=c3 centos
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
97ffd93370d4e23e6a3d2e6a0c68030d482cabb8ab71b5ceffb4d703de3a6b0c
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

创建一个mysql容器

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -dit --name=db --restart=always -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=liruilong -e MYSQL_DATABASE=blog mysql
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
0a79be3ed7dbd9bdf19202cda74aa3b3db818bd23deca23248404c673c7e1ff7
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS
PORTS                 NAMES
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 seconds ago    Up 2 seconds    3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes                         c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker logs db
2021-10-03 16:49:41+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.26-1debian10 started.
2021-10-03 16:49:41+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2021-10-03 16:49:41+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.26-1debian10 started.
2021-10-03 16:49:41+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2021-10-03T16:49:41.391137Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 41
2021-10-03T16:49:41.400419Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2021-10-03T16:49:42.345302Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2021-10-03T16:49:46.187521Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2021-10-03T16:49:46.188871Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2021-10-03T16:49:46.312124Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
2021-10-03 16:49:55+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Database files initialized
2021-10-03 16:49:55+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Starting temporary server
mysqld will log errors to /var/lib/mysql/0a79be3ed7db.err
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

nginx 安装

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -dit --restart=always -p 80 nginx
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
c7570bd68368f3e4c9a4c8fdce67845bcb5fee12d1cc785d6e448979592a691e
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS
PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 seconds ago    Up 2 seconds    0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 minutes ago    Up 3 minutes    3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              20 minutes ago   Up 20 minutes                                             c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

4.管理容器的常见命令

命令描述
docker exec xxxx 命令新的进程进入容器
docker start xxxx启动容器
docker stop xxxxx停止容器
docker restart xxxxx重启容器,当需要重启服务的时候可以重启容器
docker top xxxxx查看进程
docker logs -f node日志
docker inspect 容器容器详细信息，ip等
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ mysql   -uroot -pliruilong -h172.17.0.2 -P3306
ERROR 2059 (HY000): Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker exec -it db /bin/bash
root@0a79be3ed7db:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 14
Server version: 8.0.26 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'liruilong';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
root@0a79be3ed7db:/# eixt
bash: eixt: command not found
root@0a79be3ed7db:/# exit
exit
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ mysql   -uroot -pliruilong -h172.17.0.2 -P3306
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 8.0.26 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> use blog
Database changed
MySQL [blog]>

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker  top db
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
polkitd             15911               15893               1                   00:49               ?                   00:00:45            mysqld
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   43 minutes ago      Up 43 minutes      0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   46 minutes ago      Up 46 minutes      3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                             c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker stop db
db
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   43 minutes ago      Up 43 minutes      0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                             c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker start db
db
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes      0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   47 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds       3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                             c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker restart db
db
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes      0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   47 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds       3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                             c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

删除所有容器

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker ps | grep -v IMAGE
5b3557283314   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   80/tcp                                    web
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   9 hours ago         Up 9 hours         0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   9 hours ago         Up 8 hours         3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              9 hours ago         Up 9 hours                                                   c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker ps | grep -v IMAGE | awk '{print $1}'
5b3557283314
c7570bd68368
0a79be3ed7db
97ffd93370d4

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker ps | grep -v IMAGE | awk '{print $1}'| xargs docker rm -f
5b3557283314
c7570bd68368
0a79be3ed7db
97ffd93370d4
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$

5.数据卷的使用

命令描述
docker run -dit --restart=always -v p_path1:c_path2 镜像名 命令与端口映射类似，直接映射宿主机目录
docker run -dit --restart=always -v c_path2 镜像名 命令当只写了一个的时候，可以通过 docker inspect来查看映射,mounts属性
docker volume create v1自定共享卷，然后挂载

数据会被写到容器层，删除容器，容器数据也会删除

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes      0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   47 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds       3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour                                             c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ find / -name liruilong.html
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker exec -it c7570bd68368  /bin/bash
root@c7570bd68368:/# echo "liruilong" > liruilong.html
root@c7570bd68368:/# exit
exit
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ find / -name liruilong.html
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/56de0e042c7c5b9704df156b6473b528ca7468d8b1085cb43294f9111b270540/diff/liruilong.html
/var/lib/docker/overlay2/56de0e042c7c5b9704df156b6473b528ca7468d8b1085cb43294f9111b270540/merged/liruilong.html
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$

docker run -itd --name=web -v /root/docker/liruilong:/liruilong:rw nginx

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                                     NAMES
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 hours ago   Up 8 hours   0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   8 hours ago   Up 7 hours   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              8 hours ago   Up 8 hours
                                    c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker rm -f web
web
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker run -itd --name=web -v /root/docker/liruilong:/liruilong:rw nginx
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
5949fba8c9c810ed3a06fcf1bc8148aef22893ec99450cec2443534b2f9eb063
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ ls
all.tar  docker_images_util_202110032229_UCPY4C5k.sh  liruilong
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                                     NAMES
5949fba8c9c8   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   57 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   80/tcp                                    web
c7570bd68368   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   8 hours ago      Up 8 hours     0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp   jovial_solomon
0a79be3ed7db   mysql     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   8 hours ago      Up 7 hours     3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                       db
97ffd93370d4   centos    "/bin/bash"              8 hours ago      Up 8 hours                                               c3
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker exec -it web /bin/bash
root@5949fba8c9c8:/# ls
bin   docker-entrypoint.d   home   liruilong  opt   run   sys  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.sh  lib    media      proc  sbin  tmp
dev   etc                   lib64  mnt        root  srv   usr
root@5949fba8c9c8:/#

docker volume create v1

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker volume list
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     9e939eda6c4d8c574737905857d57014a1c4dda10eef77520e99804c7c67ac39
local     34f699eb0535315b651090afd90768f4e4cfa42acf920753de9015261424812c
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker volume create v1
v1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker volume list
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     9e939eda6c4d8c574737905857d57014a1c4dda10eef77520e99804c7c67ac39
local     34f699eb0535315b651090afd90768f4e4cfa42acf920753de9015261424812c
local     v1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~/docker]
└─$ docker volume inspect  v1
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2021-10-04T08:46:55+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        
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