Docker Review - docker 容器 常用命令
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文章目录
容器相关的命令
先有个认知： 有镜像才能创建容器
下载一个centos的基础镜像
我们来看个例子 : 下载一个centos的基础镜像
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 weeks ago 231MB
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
新建容器并启动 docker run
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/
操作说明
Option 太多了，看官文吧 ，这里挑几个常用的
$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 ,任意指定,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 weeks ago 231MB
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
# 启动并进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@23e62436c0c5 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@23e62436c0c5 /]# pwd
/
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@23e62436c0c5 /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# pwd
/root
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
查看当前有哪些容器正在运行 docker ps
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/ps/
# docker ps 显示正常运行的容器
-a # 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 显示正常运行的容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 显示当前正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
23e62436c0c5 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago admiring_austin
95a5e684ea82 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 44 hours ago Exited (0) 44 hours ago dazzling_davinci
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看帮助
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display container IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
23e62436c0c5 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago admiring_austin
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps -aq
23e62436c0c5
95a5e684ea82
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
启动容器
docker start container_name/container_id # 启动容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/start/
停止容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stop/
docker stop container_name/container_id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
重启容器
docker restart container_name/container_id # 重启容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/restart/
强制停止
docker kill container_name/container_id # 强制停止当前容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/kill/
进入容器
后台启动一个容器后，如果想进入到这个容器，可以使用attach命令
docker attach container_name/container_id
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/attach/
退出容器
exit # 直接退出容器并停止
Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止
# 查看
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 发现无运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]# Ctrl + P + Q # 退出容器但是容器不停止
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 查看运行的容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps 发现容器并没有退出，区别于exit
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5fa6e10931b5 centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 18 seconds agitated_pare
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# 进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 5fa6e10931b5
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
[root@5fa6e10931b5 /]#
删除容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/rm/
docker rm container_name/container_id # 不能删除正在运行的容器
删除所有停止的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
其他常用命令
查看当前系统Docker信息
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/info/
docker info
后台启动容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -d centos
04abf017a5b00eb23707c07dc0d0d521d022bc9bba3d7a59d2aca855e87422c5
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
问题docker ps ，发现 centos 停止了
docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就自动停止
docker logs 查看日志
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/logs/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run --name test -d centos sh -c "while true; do $(echo date); sleep 1; done"
d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker logs -f --until=2s test
Wed Oct 6 12:31:43 UTC 2021
Wed Oct 6 12:31:44 UTC 2021
Wed Oct 6 12:31:45 UTC 2021
Wed Oct 6 12:31:46 UTC 2021
docker top
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/top/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" About a minute ago Up About a minute test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top d0dd49e573ce
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 24424 24405 0 20:31 ? 00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
root 25067 24424 0 20:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker top 3b68181c277f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 23338 23317 0 20:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
查看镜像中的元数据 docker inspect
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker inspect d0dd49e573ce
[
{
"Id": "d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc",
"Created": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.01364583Z",
"Path": "sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 24424,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-10-06T12:31:43.314744794Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc/d0dd49e573ce117cdc6e8ea1c9a8648ef5927c6182bc4a2a189e16645e261bcc-json.log",
"Name": "/test",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/75393e5cf278f83ef25913983a4eb3dfc84b59c157c393721f7b7287df241fe1/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff23509532fdb929a71fc16b935635699b212284aad75b2ba1a98c12be9e8188/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "d0dd49e573ce",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"sh",
"-c",
"while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "8a50bb225a56d6a6d1a22a81d0800dab5a69a64c085854506efa7e32368f120d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8a50bb225a56",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "f35f03a9225f5e0d05a8c929f9f23f46f1b6fae73962b04c1b0c300f6d062681",
"EndpointID": "cb85731792a00f6a5551deb0c9d014d77cd0b40d36280998858916f302c97379",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
进入当前正在运行的容器
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/
# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
方式一 docker exec
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes wizardly_hopper
# 进入容器
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker exec -it d0dd49e573ce /bin/bash
[root@d0dd49e573ce /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:31 ? 00:00:00 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done
root 813 0 0 12:38 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 839 1 0 12:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 840 813 0 12:38 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d0dd49e573ce /]#
方式二 docker attach
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d0dd49e573ce centos "sh -c 'while true; …" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes test
3b68181c277f centos "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes wizardly_hopper
[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker attach 3b68181c277f
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 15 1 0 12:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
[root@3b68181c277f /]#
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 docker cp
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cp/
命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
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