JUC并发编程 共享模式之工具 JUC Semaphore（信号量）-- 限制对共享资源的使用 改进数据库连接池

Posted 2021-10-23 Z && Y

1. 限制对共享资源的使用 改进数据库连接池

• 使用 Semaphore 限流，在访问高峰期时，让请求线程阻塞，高峰期过去再释放许可，当然它只适合限制单机线程数量，并且仅是限制线程数，而不是限制资源数。
• 用 Semaphore 实现简单连接池，对比『享元模式』下的实现（用wait notify），性能和可读性显然更好，注意下面的实现中线程数和数据库连接数是相等的

示例代码:

package com.tian;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerArray;

public class TestPoolSemaphore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pool pool = new Pool(2);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                Connection conn = pool.borrow();
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                pool.free(conn);
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

@Slf4j(topic = "c.Pool")
class Pool {
    // 1. 连接池大小
    private final int poolSize;

    // 2. 连接对象数组
    private final Connection[] connections;

    // 3. 连接状态数组 0 表示空闲， 1 表示繁忙
    private final AtomicIntegerArray states;

    private final Semaphore semaphore;

    // 4. 构造方法初始化
    public Pool(int poolSize) {
        this.poolSize = poolSize;
        // 让许可数与资源数一致
        this.semaphore = new Semaphore(poolSize);
        this.connections = new Connection[poolSize];
        this.states = new AtomicIntegerArray(new int[poolSize]);
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
            connections[i] = new MockConnection("连接" + (i + 1));
        }
    }

    // 5. 借连接
    public Connection borrow() {// t1, t2, t3
        // 获取许可
        try {
            semaphore.acquire(); // 没有许可的线程，在此等待
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
            // 获取空闲连接
            if (states.get(i) == 0) {
                if (states.compareAndSet(i, 0, 1)) {
                    log.debug("borrow {}", connections[i]);
                    return connections[i];
                }
            }
        }
        // 不会执行到这里
        return null;
    }

    // 6. 归还连接
    public void free(Connection conn) {
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
            if (connections[i] == conn) {
                states.set(i, 0);
                log.debug("free {}", conn);
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                semaphore.release();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

class MockConnection implements Connection {

    private String name;

    public MockConnection(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MockConnection{" +
                "name='" + name + '\\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void commit() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void rollback() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }
}

运行结果:

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