Entity Framework Core 实体关系的配置
Posted JimCarter
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https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/ef/core/modeling/relationships
文章目录
1. 术语介绍
- Dependent entity: 依赖实体(子实体),包含外键的实体,实体关系中的子。
- Principal entity: 主体实体(父实体),包含主键/备用键的实体,实体关系中的父。
- Principal key: 主键/备用键
- Foreign key: 外键
- Navigation property: 导航属性,出现在父实体或主实体中,用来维系两个实体间的关系。
- Collection navigation property:集合导航,是一个
ICollection<T>
- Reference navigation property:引用导航,是一个
T
- Inverse navigation property:反向导航属性
- Collection navigation property:集合导航,是一个
- Self-referencing relationship:自引用的关系,如树形结构中的id和parentId
参考以下代码:
public class Blog//父实体
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }//主键
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }//导航属性,也是Post.Blog的反向导航属性
}
public class Post//子实体
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
public int BlogId { get; set; }//外键
public Blog Blog { get; set; }//导航属性,也是Blog.Posts的反向导航属性
}
2. 关系自动配置
如果实体类的一个属性无法映射为标量类型(scalar type), 如int、long等,则认为它就是导航属性。
如果在某个实体类上发现了导航属性,将会创建一个关系。
2.1 完整配置
如上一小节的Post
和Blog
的关系,定义比较完备。定义完备有两点要求:
- 实体两边有对应的导航属性,而非一边有一边没有
- 如果“子实体”中某个属性的名称符合以下规则(即外键的命名规则),则被配置为外键:
<navigation property name><principal key property name>
<navigation property name>Id
<principal entity name><principal key property name>
<principal entity name>Id
2.2 无外键情况下进行配置
虽然建议要有外键,但是没有外键也ok。当没外键时会引入名称符合<navigation property name><principal key property name>
或<principal entity name><principal key property name>
规则的影子属性作为外键。
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
public Blog Blog { get; set; }
}
此时会产生一个名为BlogId
的影子属性。注意:这个BlogId
仍然会出现在数据库中,且是可空类型
2.3 无“导航属性对”情况下配置
即使没有对应的反向导航属性,没有外键属性,但只要存在一个导航属性就能建立起关系
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
}
3. 关系手动配置
使用HasOne/HasMany
配置导航属性,使用WithOne/WithMany
配置反向导航属性。
internal class MyContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>()
.HasOne(p => p.Blog)//表示一个Post对应一个Blog
.WithMany(b => b.Posts);//表示一个Blog对应多个Post
//上述代码等效于下面这两行
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>().HasOne(p=>p.Blog);
modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>().HasMany(b=>b.Posts);
}
}
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
public Blog Blog { get; set; }
}
当然也可以通过特性配置:
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
public int AuthorUserId { get; set; }
public User Author { get; set; }
public int ContributorUserId { get; set; }
public User Contributor { get; set; }
}
public class User
{
public string UserId { get; set; }
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
[InverseProperty("Author")]
public ICollection<Post> AuthoredPosts { get; set; }
[InverseProperty("Contributor")]
public ICollection<Post> ContributedToPosts { get; set; }
}
看下建表语句都是什么:
CREATE TABLE "SysRole" (
"Id" INTEGER NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_SysRole" PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
"RoleName" TEXT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE "SysUsers" (
"Id" INTEGER NOT NULL CONSTRAINT "PK_SysUsers" PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
"UserName" TEXT NOT NULL,
"Pwd" TEXT NOT NULL,
"CreateTime" TEXT NULL,
"RoleId" INTEGER NULL,
CONSTRAINT "FK_SysUsers_SysRole_RoleId" FOREIGN KEY ("RoleId") REFERENCES "SysRole" ("Id") ON DELETE RESTRICT
);
3.1 无“导航属性对”时手动配置
如果你的导航属性不是成对的,则WithOne
和WithMany
可以不传入参数。
internal class MyContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Blog>()
.HasMany(b => b.Posts)
.WithOne();
}
}
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
}
3.2 手动指定外键
使用FluentAPI可以配置单一外键和复合外键:
单一外键:
internal class MyContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>()
.HasOne(p => p.Blog)
.WithMany(b => b.Posts)
.HasForeignKey(p => p.BlogForeignKey);
}
}
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
public int BlogForeignKey { get; set; }
public Blog Blog { get; set; }
}
复合外键:
internal class MyContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Car> Cars { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Car>()
.HasKey(c => new { c.State, c.LicensePlate });//复合主键
modelBuilder.Entity<RecordOfSale>()
.HasOne(s => s.Car)
.WithMany(c => c.SaleHistory)
.HasForeignKey(s => new { s.CarState, s.CarLicensePlate });//复合外键
}
}
public class Car
{
public string State { get; set; }
public string LicensePlate { get; set; }
public string Make { get; set; }
public string Model { get; set; }
public ICollection<RecordOfSale> SaleHistory { get; set; }
}
public class RecordOfSale
{
public int RecordOfSaleId { get; set; }
public DateTime DateSold { get; set; }
public decimal Price { get; set; }
public string CarState { get; set; }
public string CarLicensePlate { get; set; }
public Car Car { get; set; }
}
除了FluentAPI外,也可以使用特性配置单一外键:
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
public ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
public int PostId { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Content { get; set; }
public int BlogForeignKey { get; set; }
[ForeignKey("BlogForeignKey")]//如果BlogForeignKey不存在,则会创建影子属性
public Blog Blog { get; set; }
}
配置影子外键:
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
//1.首先配置影子属性
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>()
.Property<int>("BlogForeignKey");
//2.然后将影子属性配置成外键
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>()
.HasOne(p => p.Blog)
.WithMany(b => b.Posts)
.HasForeignKey("BlogForeignKey");
}
配置外键的名称:默认情况下外键约束的名称规则为FK _<依赖实体的类名>_<主体实体的类名>_<外键属性的名称>
。在数据库中可以看到实际的名称,如FK_SysUsers_SysRole_RoleId
。
当然也可以手动更改外键约束的名称:
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>()
.HasOne(p => p.Blog)
.WithMany(b => b.Posts)
.HasForeignKey(p => p.BlogId)
.HasConstraintName("ForeignKey_Post_Blog");
}
3.3 无导航属性时手动配置
internal class MyContext : DbContext
{
public DbSet<Blog> Blogs { get; set; }
public DbSet<Post> Posts { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Entity<Post>()
.HasOne<Blog>()
.WithMany()
.HasForeignKey(p => p.BlogId);
}
}
public class Blog
{
public int BlogId { get; set; }
public string Url { get; set; }
}
public class Post
{
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