轻松掌握Docker使用-基础入门
Posted 葡萄干是个程序员
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前言
Docker自2013年以来非常火热，很多人也津津乐道于它，网上也很多关于Docker的文章和学习教程。这里我再重新提及“docker的入门使用”无非是想整理一下以前学的知识，方便查阅和用于分享。
在学习Docker使用之前，我们有必要认识一下Docker：
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，可以轻松的为任何应用创建一个轻量级的、可移植的、自给自足的容器。
简单来说，Docker就是软件化的集装箱平台，我们每个集装箱的使用互不干扰，运行在Docker上。也意味着，我们通过Docker将我们的应用及所有依赖打包成一个集装箱（容器），快速地运输到机器上进行运行，非常易于装箱打包运行（这也是Docker Logo的含义），而每个在Docker上运行的应用相互独立，互不影响。（我们可以使用Docker技术实现项目的快速部署&快速发布。使用 代码托管平台 + jenkins + k8s 实现CIDI。）
接下来我们来看下Docker安装和使用吧。
Docker安装&容器初运行
Docker安装部署
- 确认Linux内核版本3.8以上
~]# uname -r
- 安装Docker
~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
~]# yum install -y docker-ce
- 初始化配置
~]# cd /etc/
etc]# mkdir docker
~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"graph": "/data/docker",
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"insecure-registries": ["registry.access.redhat.com","quay.io"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://q2gr04ke.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"bip": "172.17.23.1/24",
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"live-restore": true
}
# daemon.json 配置介绍
# 配置项注意点：
# graph: 该关键字未来将被弃用，可以采用 "data-root" 替代
# storage-driver: 存储驱动，即分层文件系统
# insecure-registries: 不安全的docker registries，即使用http协议推拉镜象
# registry-mirrors: 加速站点，一般可以使用阿里、网易云、docker中国(https://registry.docker-cn.com)的地址
# bip: 指定docker bridge地址(不能以.0结尾)，生产中建议采用 172.xx.yy.1/24,其中xx.yy为宿主机ip后四位，方便定位问题
# 若启动失败，查看 /var/log/message 日志排错
- 创建Docker数据存放目录
~]# mkdir -p /data/docker
- 启动Docker
~]# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
- 确认一下配置的Docker bridge地址
~]# ip addr show dev docker0
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:e4:3d:98:db brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.23.1/24 brd 172.17.23.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- 查看Docker版本
~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: f0df350
Built: Wed Jun 2 11:56:24 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Context: default
Experimental: true
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 20.10.7
API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: b0f5bc3
Built: Wed Jun 2 11:54:48 2021
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.4.6
GitCommit: d71fcd7d8303cbf684402823e425e9dd2e99285d
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc95
GitCommit: b9ee9c6314599f1b4a7f497e1f1f856fe433d3b7
docker-init:
Version: 0.19.0
GitCommit: de40ad0
来一起试着运行docker容器
- 运行docker官方仓库提供的hello-word镜像：
~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:9f6ad537c5132bcce57f7a0a20e317228d382c3cd61edae14650eec68b2b345c
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
容器启动过程四个步骤：
- Docker客户端联系Docker服务端。
- Docker服务端从Docker中心拉取“hello-world”镜像。
- Docker服务端(用新拉的镜像)创建了一个新的容器，该容器运行可执行文件(脚本)，生成您当前读取的输出。
- Docker服务端将信息流推到Docker客户端，由客户端展示在你的终端。
Docker的组成
在进一步学习Docker使用前，有必要了解一下Docker的组成。
- 通过docker客户端操作docker管理本地镜像和容器。
- 我们可以将我们的应用构建成镜像，而使用这里所说的镜像（可以认为是运行模板），我们运行多个相同的应用。构建的镜像可以push到docker仓库，也可以是我们自建的私有仓库。
- 使用Docker拉取到镜像后，我们可以使用镜像运行多个容器。
Docker的镜像管理
我们可以从远程仓库（默认仓库为Docker官方提供的仓库）拉取镜像，也可以从本地推送镜像到远程仓库。（当然远程仓库也有可能在本地。）
Docker镜像结构
首先来了解一下docker镜像的名称结构：
${registry_name}/${repository_name}/${image_name}:${tag_name}
说明：仓库地址/仓库名称/镜像名称:标签
如：
docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.1
指的是：docker.io仓库下library仓库的apline镜像，标签为3.10.1
Docker镜像使用
（我们使用docker的官方仓库进行学习）
- 创建docker镜像仓库
docker提供了官方的镜像仓库dockerhub，我们将使用docker提供的远程仓库。首先在 hub.docker 注册账号。 - 登录docker远程仓库
~]# docker login docker.io
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: dreamboyplus
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
- 查看已登录的信息
~]# cat /root/.docker/config.json
{
"auths": {
"https://index.docker.io/v1/": {
"auth": "对格式为： 账号:密码 进行base64编码后结果"
}
}
}
可以通过base64解码auth字段对应的值就可以得到登录时的密码。如：
~]# echo "auth字段里的内容" | base64 -d
- 查看本地已有的docker镜像
~]# docker images
或
~]# docker image ls
- 在dockerhub中搜索镜像，如搜索
alpine镜像：（Alpine是一个面向安全的轻型 Linux 发行版，alpine镜像相比于其他 Docker 镜像，它的容量非常小，仅仅只有 5 MB 左右（对比 Ubuntu 系列镜像接近 200 MB），且拥有非常友好的包管理机制。）
~]# docker search alpine
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
alpine A minimal Docker image based on Alpine Linux… 7591 [OK]
mhart/alpine-node Minimal Node.js built on Alpine Linux 484
anapsix/alpine-java Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.28 over A… 470 [OK]
frolvlad/alpine-glibc Alpine Docker image with glibc (~12MB) 261 [OK]
alpine/git A simple git container running in alpine li… 184 [OK]
yobasystems/alpine-mariadb MariaDB running on Alpine Linux [docker] [am… 90 [OK]
alpine/socat Run socat command in alpine container 68 [OK]
kiasaki/alpine-postgres PostgreSQL docker image based on Alpine Linux 44 [OK]
jfloff/alpine-python A small, more complete, Python Docker image … 41 [OK]
zenika/alpine-chrome Chrome running in headless mode in a tiny Al… 34 [OK]
byrnedo/alpine-curl Alpine linux with curl installed and set as … 34 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-sshd Dockerize your OpenSSH-server with rsync and… 33 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-fpm-php FPM-PHP 7.0 to 8.0, shipped along with tons … 25 [OK]
etopian/alpine-php-wordpress Alpine WordPress nginx PHP-FPM WP-CLI 25 [OK]
bashell/alpine-bash Alpine Linux with /bin/bash as a default she… 18 [OK]
roribio16/alpine-sqs Dockerized ElasticMQ server + web UI over Al… 14 [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-java-unlimited-jce Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC 2.21 over A… 13 [OK]
spotify/alpine Alpine image with `bash` and `curl`. 11 [OK]
cfmanteiga/alpine-bash-curl-jq Docker Alpine image with Bash, curl and jq p… 6 [OK]
hermsi/alpine-varnish Dockerize Varnish upon a lightweight alpine-… 3 [OK]
dwdraju/alpine-curl-jq Alpine Docker Image with curl, jq, bash 1 [OK]
apteno/alpine-jq Weekly build of alpine image with curl, wget… 1
bushrangers/alpine-caddy Alpine Linux Docker Container running Caddys… 1 [OK]
goodguykoi/alpine-curl-internal simple alpine image with curl installed no C… 1 [OK]
smartentry/alpine alpine with smartentry 0 [OK]
- 拉取镜像，如拉取alpine镜像（不加
${registry_name}/${repository_name}/的情况下，默认拉取的是docker.io/library下的镜像）
- 不指定tag的情况下默认拉取
latesttag
~]# docker pull alpine
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
5843afab3874: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:234cb88d3020898631af0ccbbcca9a66ae7306ecd30c9720690858c1b007d2a0
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
- 也可以指定tag下载（这里可以认为指定的是alpine镜像的版本）
~]# docker pull alpine:3.10.3
3.10.3: Pulling from library/alpine
89d9c30c1d48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.10.3
docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.3
- 拉取到镜像后，我们可以给本地镜像打上不同的tag
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 10 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
~]# docker tag 965ea09ff2eb docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 10 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
- 将打上新tag的镜像推送远程仓库
~]# docker push docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3
The push refers to repository [docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine]
77cae8ab23bf: Mounted from library/alpine
v3.10.3: digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a size: 528
推送成功后，在dockerhub页面上刷新我们账号仓库列表可以查看alpine v3.10.3 tag的镜像。
9. 删除本地镜像
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
~]# docker rmi 965ea09ff2eb
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 965ea09ff2eb (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories # 镜像存在多个tag无法进行删除，可以加入 -f
~]# docker rmi -f 965ea09ff2eb
Untagged: dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3
Untagged: dreamboyplus/alpine@sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a
Untagged: alpine:3.10.3
Untagged: alpine@sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Deleted: sha256:965ea09ff2ebd2b9eeec88cd822ce156f6674c7e99be082c7efac3c62f3ff652
Deleted: sha256:77cae8ab23bf486355d1b3191259705374f4a11d483b24964d2f729dd8c076a0
删除本地镜像后，远程仓库中的镜像仍存在。
10. 重新将我们前面打了tag的alpine镜像拉取回来
~]# docker pull docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3
v3.10.3: Pulling from dreamboyplus/alpine
89d9c30c1d48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e4355b66995c96b4b468159fc5c7e3540fcef961189ca13fee877798649f531a
Status: Downloaded newer image for dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3
docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
- 导入/导出镜像
- 导出镜像
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dreamboyplus/alpine v_1.txt 4a17be3db6b7 2 minutes ago 5.55MB
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
~]# ls
software
~]# mkdir tmp
~]# cd tmp/
tmp]# pwd
/root/tmp
tmp]# ll
total 0
tmp]# docker save 4a17be3db6b7 > dreamboyplus_alpine_v_1.txt.tar
[root@iZuf6aoqssezcm3p2u4jlkZ tmp]# ls
dreamboyplus_alpine_v_1.txt.tar
- 导入镜像
为了实验，我们先删除dreamboyplus/alpine v_1.txt 4a17be3db6b7 2 minutes ago 5.55MB镜像，再重新导入回来
tmp]# docker rmi 4a17be3db6b7
Untagged: dreamboyplus/alpine:v_1.txt
Deleted: sha256:4a17be3db6b76d9b8c300ecdd4f426383a515dc11a3d96f39e57ace8b93567df
Deleted: sha256:11d9c4ffeb1fe6173e968978613efdf33fe4a3504478a2638ca138ad820a5cd8
tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
导入镜像
tmp]# docker load < dreamboyplus_alpine_v_1.txt.tar
a5a8f98f49e1: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image ID: sha256:4a17be3db6b76d9b8c300ecdd4f426383a515dc11a3d96f39e57ace8b93567df
tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 4a17be3db6b7 7 minutes ago 5.55MB
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
tmp]# docker tag 4a17be3db6b7 docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v_1.txt
tmp]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dreamboyplus/alpine v_1.txt 4a17be3db6b7 8 minutes ago 5.55MB
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
Docker容器基本操作
使用本地镜像，我们可以运行起docker容器。我们先来感受一下容器相关的操作吧：
- 查询容器列表
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 18 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago loving_johnson
- 启动容器(运行镜像)
命令格式：docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
说明：
OPTIONS :选项
-i
:表示启动-一个可交互的容器， 并持续打开标准输入
-t
:表示使用终端关联到容器的标准输入输出上
-d
:表示将容器放置后台运行
--rm
:退出后即删除容器
--name
:表示定义容器唯一名称
IMAGE :表示要运行的镜像
COMMAND :表示启动容器时要运行的命令*
ARG :参数
- 启动交互式容器
~]# docker run -it dreamboyplus/alpine
/ # ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:17:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.23.2/24 brd 172.17.23.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
/ # exit
- 启动非交互式容器
~]# docker run --name alpine_sleep -d dreamboyplus/alpine /bin/sleep 300
dd0b41ac8227f8c6fbf966f1ae36553e8bd89ca0bfa41d0c39d278ea60b0ddd9
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd0b41ac8227 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 18 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago loving_johnson
在宿主机中查看该docker容器内执行的进程：
~]# ps aux | grep sleep | grep -v grep
root 28894 0.0 0.0 1552 4 ? Ss 15:50 0:00 /bin/sleep 300
- 使用
-p host_port:container_port参数进行端口映射
~]# docker pull nginx:1.12.2
1.12.2: Pulling from library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Pull complete
e3eaf3d87fe0: Pull complete
38cb13c1e4c9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:72daaf46f11cc753c4eab981cbf869919bd1fee3d2170a2adeac12400f494728
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.12.2
docker.io/library/nginx:1.12.2
~]# docker images |grep nginx
nginx 1.12.2 4037a5562b03 3 years ago 108MB
~]# docker run --name nginx -d -p 83:80 nginx:1.12.2
7f567fa37a171299af535da1ed2f3f48e7dd7be4d4dcb1d31338526ddddad087
~]# docker ps -a | grep nginx
7f567fa37a17 nginx:1.12.2 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 0.0.0.0:83->80/tcp, :::83->80/tcp nginx
~]# curl http://localhost:83
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
- 使用
-v host_path:container_path参数挂载目录
~]# mkdir -vp server/nginx/html
mkdir: created directory 'server'
mkdir: created directory 'server/nginx'
mkdir: created directory 'server/nginx/html'
~]# cd server/nginx/html/
html]# wget www.baidu.com -O index.html
--2021-06-27 16:48:01-- http://www.baidu.com/
Resolving www.baidu.com (www.baidu.com)... 112.80.248.76, 112.80.248.75
Connecting to www.baidu.com (www.baidu.com)|112.80.248.76|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2381 (2.3K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html’
index.html 100%[=============================================================>] 2.33K --.-KB/s in 0s
2021-06-27 16:48:01 (205 MB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [2381/2381]
html]# ls
index.html
html]# docker run --name nginx_with_html -d -p 84:80 -v /root/server/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:1.12.2
8bc8c5681368e8b06b6e20917e35299a2a471ef9af0db557023c578eb4e84257
html]# docker ps -a | grep nginx
8bc8c5681368 nginx:1.12.2 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:84->80/tcp, :::84->80/tcp nginx_with_html
html]# curl http://localhost:84
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
进入容器，查看容器内/usr/share/nginx/html的内容
html]# docker exec -it 8bc8c5681368 /bin/sh
# cd /usr/share/nginx/html
# ls
index.html
# cat index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下，你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
查看挂载的详细信息
html]# docker inspect nginx_with_html | grep -A 9 'Mounts'
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/root/server/nginx/html",
"Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
- 使用
-e variate_name＝variate_value传递环境变量
~]# docker run --rm -e ENV_USERNAME=dreamboy -e ENV_PASSWORD=123456 dreamboyplus/alpine printenv
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=411dcf81d9da
ENV_USERNAME=dreamboy
ENV_PASSWORD=123456
HOME=/root
- 进入容器
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker exec -it 9660a42e107f /bin/sh
/ # ps -ef
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /bin/sleep 300
7 root 0:00 /bin/sh
13 root 0:00 ps -ef
/ # exit
- 停止容器
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker stop 9660a42e107f
9660a42e107f
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 2 minutes ago Exited (137) 10 seconds ago alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
也可以使用容器名称进行停止
docker stop alpine_sleep
- 启动容器
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 2 minutes ago Exited (137) 10 seconds ago alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker start 9660a42e107f
9660a42e107f
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 3 minutes ago Up 3 seconds alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
也可以使用容器名称进行启动
docker start alpine_sleep
- 重启容器
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 3 minutes ago Up 3 seconds alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 12 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker restart 9660a42e107f
9660a42e107f
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 4 minutes ago Up 6 seconds alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
也可以使用容器名称进行重启
docker restart alpine_sleep
- 在宿主机和容器之间传输文件
- 宿主机->容器
docker cp 要拷贝的文件路径 容器名/容器ID:要存放在文件中的路径
- 容器->宿主机
docker cp 容器名/容器ID:要拷贝的文件 宿主机中要存放的文件路径
- 删除容器
- 删除已退出的容器
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 9 minutes ago Up 4 minutes alpine_sleep
c618b23b2a58 dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sh" 19 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago amazing_rubin
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker rm c618b23b2a58
c618b23b2a58
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago alpine_sleep
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
- 删除正在运行的容器，加入-f参数
docker rm -f 容器ID/容器名称
- 删除所有未在运行的容器
docker rm `docker ps -a -q`
- 删除所有容器（包含正在运行中的）
docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
- 修改容器中的内容后保存为新的镜像
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 26 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago alpine_sleep
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker start 9660a42e107f
9660a42e107f
~]# docker exec -it 9660a42e107f /bin/sh
/ # ls
bin dev etc home lib media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
/ # echo "hello world" >> test.txt
/ # ls
bin etc lib mnt proc run srv test.txt usr
dev home media opt root sbin sys tmp var
/ # cat test.txt
hello world
/ # exit
写入到容器的文件并不会保存在镜像里，需要使用comit -p命令将容器保存为新的镜像。
~]# docker commit -p alpine_sleep docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v_1.txt
sha256:4a17be3db6b76d9b8c300ecdd4f426383a515dc11a3d96f39e57ace8b93567df
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dreamboyplus/alpine v_1.txt 4a17be3db6b7 6 seconds ago 5.55MB
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
- 查看容器日志
~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9660a42e107f dreamboyplus/alpine "/bin/sleep 300" 41 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago alpine_sleep
c8a82e81f856 hello-world "/hello" 19 hours ago Exited (0) 19 hours ago loving_johnson
~]# docker logs c8a82e81f856
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
- 查询容器详细信息
docker inspect 容器ID/容器名称
- 容器内下载软件
参考Docker容器中安装curl、telnet、vim基础工具
- 进入容器查看系统版本
cat /etc/os-release
- Debian基础镜像
#先添加163源
tee /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-ffree contrib
deb http://mirrirs.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
EOF
- Alpine基础镜像
#先添加阿里源
cat > /etc/apk/repositories << EOF
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.12/main/
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.12/community
EOF
- 安装
curl
~]# docker exec -it nginx_with_html /bin/bash
root@8bc8c5681368:/# cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="9"
VERSION="9 (stretch)"
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
root@8bc8c5681368:/# tee /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
> deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-ffree contrib
> deb http://mirrirs.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
> EOF
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-ffree contrib
deb http://mirrirs.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib
root@8bc8c5681368:/# apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl
Err:1 http://mirrirs.163.com/debian jessie-updates InRelease
Could not resolve 'mirrirs.163.com'
Ign:2 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie InRelease
Get:3 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie Release [77.3 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie Release.gpg [1652 B]
Get:5 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/contrib amd64 Packages [59.2 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 Packages [9098 kB]
Fetched 9100 kB in 1s (8360 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://mirrirs.163.com/debian/dists/jessie-updates/InRelease Could not resolve 'mirrirs.163.com'
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
ca-certificates krb5-locales libcurl3 libffi6 libgmp10 libgnutls-deb0-28 libgssapi-krb5-2 libhogweed2 libidn11 libk5crypto3
libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libnettle4 libp11-kit0 librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db
libssh2-1 libssl1.0.0 libtasn1-6 openssl
Suggested packages:
gnutls-bin krb5-doc krb5-user libsasl2-modules-otp libsasl2-modules-ldap libsasl2-modules-sql libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit
| libsasl2-modules-gssapi-heimdal
The following NEW packages will be installed:
ca-certificates curl krb5-locales libcurl3 libffi6 libgmp10 libgnutls-deb0-28 libgssapi-krb5-2 libhogweed2 libidn11 libk5crypto3
libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libnettle4 libp11-kit0 librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db
libssh2-1 libssl1.0.0 libtasn1-6 openssl
0 upgraded, 25 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 7883 kB of archives.
After this operation, 15.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libssl1.0.0 amd64 1.0.1t-1+deb8u8 [1044 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libgmp10 amd64 2:6.0.0+dfsg-6 [253 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libnettle4 amd64 2.7.1-5+deb8u2 [176 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libhogweed2 amd64 2.7.1-5+deb8u2 [125 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libffi6 amd64 3.1-2+deb8u1 [20.2 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libp11-kit0 amd64 0.20.7-1 [81.2 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libtasn1-6 amd64 4.2-3+deb8u3 [49.2 kB]
Get:8 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libgnutls-deb0-28 amd64 3.3.8-6+deb8u7 [696 kB]
Get:9 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libkeyutils1 amd64 1.5.9-5+b1 [12.0 kB]
Get:10 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libkrb5support0 amd64 1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4 [59.4 kB]
Get:11 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libk5crypto3 amd64 1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4 [116 kB]
Get:12 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libkrb5-3 amd64 1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4 [303 kB]
Get:13 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libgssapi-krb5-2 amd64 1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4 [152 kB]
Get:14 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libidn11 amd64 1.29-1+deb8u2 [136 kB]
Get:15 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libsasl2-modules-db amd64 2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1 [67.1 kB]
Get:16 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libsasl2-2 amd64 2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1 [105 kB]
Get:17 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libldap-2.4-2 amd64 2.4.40+dfsg-1+deb8u4 [218 kB]
Get:18 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 librtmp1 amd64 2.4+20150115.gita107cef-1+deb8u1 [60.0 kB]
Get:19 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libssh2-1 amd64 1.4.3-4.1+deb8u1 [125 kB]
Get:20 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libcurl3 amd64 7.38.0-4+deb8u11 [260 kB]
Get:21 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 krb5-locales all 1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4 [2649 kB]
Get:22 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 openssl amd64 1.0.1t-1+deb8u8 [664 kB]
Get:23 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 ca-certificates all 20141019+deb8u3 [207 kB]
Get:24 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 curl amd64 7.38.0-4+deb8u11 [201 kB]
Get:25 http://mirrors.163.com/debian jessie/main amd64 libsasl2-modules amd64 2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1 [101 kB]
Fetched 7883 kB in 1s (4037 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
Selecting previously unselected package libssl1.0.0:amd64.
(Reading database ... 7027 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../00-libssl1.0.0_1.0.1t-1+deb8u8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libssl1.0.0:amd64 (1.0.1t-1+deb8u8) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgmp10:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../01-libgmp10_2%3a6.0.0+dfsg-6_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgmp10:amd64 (2:6.0.0+dfsg-6) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnettle4:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../02-libnettle4_2.7.1-5+deb8u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnettle4:amd64 (2.7.1-5+deb8u2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhogweed2:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../03-libhogweed2_2.7.1-5+deb8u2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libhogweed2:amd64 (2.7.1-5+deb8u2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libffi6:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../04-libffi6_3.1-2+deb8u1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libffi6:amd64 (3.1-2+deb8u1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libp11-kit0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../05-libp11-kit0_0.20.7-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libp11-kit0:amd64 (0.20.7-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libtasn1-6:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../06-libtasn1-6_4.2-3+deb8u3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libtasn1-6:amd64 (4.2-3+deb8u3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libgnutls-deb0-28:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../07-libgnutls-deb0-28_3.3.8-6+deb8u7_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libgnutls-deb0-28:amd64 (3.3.8-6+deb8u7) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libkeyutils1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../08-libkeyutils1_1.5.9-5+b1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libkeyutils1:amd64 (1.5.9-5+b1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libkrb5support0:amd64.
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Unpacking libsasl2-modules:amd64 (2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1) ...
Setting up libssl1.0.0:amd64 (1.0.1t-1+deb8u8) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.24.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.24.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.24 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.24 /usr/share/perl/5.24 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base .) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Setting up libsasl2-modules-db:amd64 (2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1) ...
Setting up libsasl2-2:amd64 (2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1) ...
Setting up libtasn1-6:amd64 (4.2-3+deb8u3) ...
Setting up libgmp10:amd64 (2:6.0.0+dfsg-6) ...
Setting up libssh2-1:amd64 (1.4.3-4.1+deb8u1) ...
Setting up krb5-locales (1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4) ...
Setting up libnettle4:amd64 (2.7.1-5+deb8u2) ...
Setting up openssl (1.0.1t-1+deb8u8) ...
Setting up libffi6:amd64 (3.1-2+deb8u1) ...
Setting up libkeyutils1:amd64 (1.5.9-5+b1) ...
Setting up libsasl2-modules:amd64 (2.1.26.dfsg1-13+deb8u1) ...
Setting up ca-certificates (20141019+deb8u3) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.24.1 /usr/local/share/perl/5.24.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.24 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.24 /usr/share/perl/5.24 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base .) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 174 added, 0 removed; done.
Setting up libidn11:amd64 (1.29-1+deb8u2) ...
Setting up libhogweed2:amd64 (2.7.1-5+deb8u2) ...
Setting up libkrb5support0:amd64 (1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4) ...
Setting up libp11-kit0:amd64 (0.20.7-1) ...
Setting up libgnutls-deb0-28:amd64 (3.3.8-6+deb8u7) ...
Setting up libk5crypto3:amd64 (1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4) ...
Setting up librtmp1:amd64 (2.4+20150115.gita107cef-1+deb8u1) ...
Setting up libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.40+dfsg-1+deb8u4) ...
Setting up libkrb5-3:amd64 (1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4) ...
Setting up libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 (1.12.1+dfsg-19+deb8u4) ...
Setting up libcurl3:amd64 (7.38.0-4+deb8u11) ...
Setting up curl (7.38.0-4+deb8u11) ...
Processing triggers for ca-certificates (20141019+deb8u3) ...
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs... 0 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d....done.
root@8bc8c5681368:/# curl
curl: try 'curl --help' or 'curl --manual' for more information
root@8bc8c5681368:/#
容器nginx_with_html安装好curl之后可以制作成镜像推送到我们的仓库，推送完成后可以在我们dockerhub的仓库列表看到nginx:curl镜像。
~]# docker ps -a | grep nginx
8bc8c5681368 nginx:1.12.2 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 23 minutes ago Up 23 minutes 0.0.0.0:84->80/tcp, :::84->80/tcp nginx_with_html
7f567fa37a17 nginx:1.12.2 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 0.0.0.0:83->80/tcp, :::83->80/tcp nginx
~]# docker commit -p 8bc8c5681368 dreamboyplus/nginx:curl
sha256:a15d70a71198ad5034532dc6177794b73850f3852792485735cb454c3f01f8e0
~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dreamboyplus/nginx curl a15d70a71198 5 seconds ago 136MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v_1.txt 4a17be3db6b7 47 minutes ago 5.55MB
alpine latest d4ff818577bc 11 days ago 5.6MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 3 months ago 13.3kB
dreamboyplus/alpine latest 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
dreamboyplus/alpine v3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 20 months ago 5.55MB
nginx 1.12.2 4037a5562b03 3 years ago 108MB
~]# docker push docker.io/dreamboyplus/nginx:curl
The push refers to repository [docker.io/dreamboyplus/nginx]
55dff8bca326: Pushed
4258832b2570: Mounted from library/nginx
683a28d1d7fd: Mounted from library/nginx
d626a8ad97a1: Mounted from library/nginx
curl: digest: sha256:b2da2b1b5d5dd9e0a29497f323e4e02d795bcc698ad335b0144a1fcef709792b size: 1160
Docker基础命令总结
| Dokcer命令 | 说明 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| docker version | 查询docker版本信息 | docker version |
| docker login 仓库地址 | 登录docker仓库 | docker login docker.io |
| ------------- docker镜像管理 ------------- | ||
| docker images | 查看本地已有的镜像列表，作用同 docker image ls | docker images |
| docker image ls | 查看本地已有的镜像列表，作用同 docker images | docker image ls |
| docker search 镜像名称 | 搜索仓库中的镜像 | docker search alpine |
| docker pull 镜像名称 | 拉取远程仓库的镜像，未指定仓库地址时拉取的是docker.io/library下的镜像，未指定tag时，默认拉取的是latest tag | docker pull alpine 相当于 docker pull docker.io/library/latest |
| docker tag 本地镜像ID 新的Tag | 为本地镜像打上新的Tag | docker tag 965ea09ff2eb docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3 |
| docker push 本地镜像 | 将本地镜像推送到远程仓库 | docker push docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v3.10.3 |
| docker rmi [-f] 本地镜像ID | 删除本地镜像，镜像存在多个tag无法进行删除，可以加入 -f | docker rmi -f 965ea09ff2eb |
| docker save 镜像ID > 镜像文件名称.txt.tar | 导出本地镜像 | docker save 4a17be3db6b7 > dreamboyplus_alpine_v_1.txt.tar |
| docker load < 镜像文件名称.txt.tar | 导入镜像 | docker load < dreamboyplus_alpine_v_1.txt.tar |
| ------------- docker容器操作 ------------- | ||
| docker ps -a | 查询容器列表 | docker ps -a |
| docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…] | 运行docker容器 OPTIONS：选项 -i: 表示启动-一个可交互的容器， 并持续打开标准输入 -t: 表示使用终端关联到容器的标准输入输出上 -d: 表示将容器放置后台运行 --rm: 退出后即删除容器 --name: 表示定义容器唯一名称 IMAGE: 表示要运行的镜像 COMMAND: 表示启动容器时要运行的命令 ARG :参数 | - 启动交互式容器：docker run -it dreamboyplus/alpine - 启动非交互式容器 docker run --name alpine_sleep -d dreamboyplus/alpine /bin/sleep 300 - 使用 -p host_port:container_port参数进行端口映射：docker run --name nginx -d -p 83:80 nginx:1.12.2 - 使用 -v host_path:container_path参数挂载目录：docker run --name nginx_with_html -d -p 84:80 -v /root/server/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html - 使用 -e variate_name＝variate_value传递环境变量：docker run --rm -e ENV_USERNAME=dreamboy -e ENV_PASSWORD=123456 dreamboyplus/alpine printenv |
| docker exec -it 容器名称或容器ID /bin/sh或bash | 进入容器 | docker exec -it 9660a42e107f /bin/sh |
| docker stop 容器名称或容器ID | 停止容器 | docker stop alpine_sleep |
| docker start 容器名称或容器ID | 启动容器 | docker start alpine_sleep |
| docker restart 容器名称或容器ID | 重启容器 | docker restart alpine_sleep |
| docker cp 要拷贝的文件路径 容器名/容器ID:要存放在文件中的路径 | 拷贝宿主机的文件到容器中 | |
| docker cp 容器名/容器ID:要拷贝的文件 宿主机中要存放的文件路径 | 拷贝容器中的文件到宿主机 | |
| docker rm 容器ID或容器名称 | 删除已退出的容器 | docker rm c618b23b2a58 |
| docker rm -f 容器ID或容器名称 | 删除正在运行的容器 | |
docker rm `docker ps -a -q` | 删除所有未在运行的容器 | |
docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q` | 删除所有容器（包含正在运行中的） | |
| docker commit -p 容器ID或容器名称 镜像名称 | 保存容器为本地镜像 | docker commit -p alpine_sleep docker.io/dreamboyplus/alpine:v_1.txt |
| docker logs 容器ID或容器名称 | 查看容器日志 | docker logs c8a82e81f856 |
| docker inspect 容器ID或容器名称 | 查询容器详细信息 | |
| docker inspect 容器名称 | grep -A 9 ‘Mounts’ | 查看容器挂载的详细信息 |