二.私有以太坊网络部署智能合约

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前言

第一章 一.搭建私有以太坊网络,纯干货

操作系统:MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019)
Geth Version: 1.10.8-stable

Solc Version: 0.8.7+commit.e28d00a7.Darwin.appleclang

本篇文章以部署test.sol为列

创建test.sol

pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

contract test {
    
    function multiply(uint a) public returns(uint d){
        return a * 7;
    }


}

Bytecode 字节码: 合约代码转换为16进制的字节数据

ABI : json格式数据

拷贝ABI在 Bejson中查看

[
  {
    "constant": false,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "internalType": "uint256",
        "name": "a",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "name": "multiply",
    "outputs": [
      {
        "internalType": "uint256",
        "name": "d",
        "type": "uint256"
      }
    ],
    "payable": false,
    "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
    "type": "function"
  }
]

安装solc

简介

solc 是 Solidity 源码库的构建目标之一,它是 Solidity 的命令行编译器。你可使用 solc --help 命令来查看它的所有选项的解释。该编译器可以生成各种输出,范围从简单的二进制文件、汇编文件到用于估计“gas”使用情况的抽象语法树(解析树)。如果你只想编译一个文件,你可以运行 solc --bin sourceFile.sol 来生成二进制文件。如果你想通过 solc 获得一些更高级的输出信息,可以通过 solc -o outputDirectory --bin --ast --asm sourceFile.sol 命令将所有的输出都保存到一个单独的文件夹中。

安装

npm install -g solc

安装后通过

solc --version

验证

jingbao@MacBook-Pro Ethereum % solc --version
solc, the solidity compiler commandline interface
Version: 0.8.7+commit.e28d00a7.Darwin.appleclang

部署test.sol

编译test.sol

cd /Users/jingbao/IdeaProjects/smart-contract/privateDemo

jingbao@MacBook-Pro privateDemo % ls -la
total 32
drwxr-xr-x  7 jingbao  staff   224  9 15 15:26 .
drwxr-xr-x  8 jingbao  staff   256  9 15 00:01 ..
-rw-r--r--@ 1 jingbao  staff  6148  9 15 15:26 .DS_Store
drwx------  5 jingbao  staff   160  9 15 10:01 data1
drwx------  5 jingbao  staff   160  9 15 10:06 data2
-rw-r--r--@ 1 jingbao  staff   813  9 15 00:40 genesis.json
-rw-r--r--  1 jingbao  staff   129  9 15 15:26 test.sol

通过solc 获取Binary字节码

获取test.sol Binary字节码

solc --bin test.sol
jingbao@MacBook-Pro privateDemo % solc --bin test.sol
Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing "SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License>" to each source file. Use "SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information.
--> test.sol

Warning: Function state mutability can be restricted to pure
 --> test.sol:5:5:
  |
5 |     function multiply(uint a) public returns(uint d){
  |     ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).


======= test.sol:test =======
Binary:
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

复制Binary到链接到geth.ipc的控制台上,切结Binary前要加0x 代表16进制

var code="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"
> var code="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"
undefined
> code
"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"

通过solc获取abi

切换原窗口获取abi

jingbao@MacBook-Pro privateDemo % solc --abi test.sol
Warning: SPDX license identifier not provided in source file. Before publishing, consider adding a comment containing "SPDX-License-Identifier: <SPDX-License>" to each source file. Use "SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED" for non-open-source code. Please see https://spdx.org for more information.
--> test.sol

Warning: Function state mutability can be restricted to pure
 --> test.sol:5:5:
  |
5 |     function multiply(uint a) public returns(uint d){
  |     ^ (Relevant source part starts here and spans across multiple lines).


======= test.sol:test =======
Contract JSON ABI
[{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}]

复制Binary到链接geth.ipc的控制台

> var abi = [{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"name":"multiply","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"d","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"}]
undefined

> abi
[{
    inputs: [{
        internalType: "uint256",
        name: "a",
        type: "uint256"
    }],
    name: "multiply",
    outputs: [{
        internalType: "uint256",
        name: "d",
        type: "uint256"
    }],
    stateMutability: "nonpayable",
    type: "function"
}]

查看余额是否够部署智能合约

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])
146000000000000000000

解锁账户

> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])

Unlock account 0x88d2a3c6575dc35e9014fd13f530dd326b254399
Passphrase: 
true

获取预估部署合约需要花费手续费

> web3.eth.estimateGas({data: code})
151081

151081gas

部署智能合约

创建合约实例

> var myContract = eth.contract(abi)
undefined
> var contract = myContract.new({from:eth.accounts[0],data:code,gas:170000})
undefined

参数讲解

from: 通过哪个账户部署合约

data: Binary字节码

gas: 愿意支付的gas费,应超过151081gas

如出现 Error: authentication needed: password or unlock

原因:刚才的解锁超时需要从新解锁

打印contract

> contract
{
  abi: [{
      inputs: [{...}],
      name: "multiply",
      outputs: [{...}],
      stateMutability: "nonpayable",
      type: "function"
  }],
  address: undefined,
  transactionHash: "0xd1a10750c1f140303676538bc33bba9186f7fd512c4c53c32aa5093e7edf059e"
}

获取当前待办

> txpool.status
{
  pending: 1,
  queued: 0
}

pending: 1 说明有一个待办,还没有部署完

开始挖矿 8核

> miner.start(8)
null

停止挖矿

> miner.stop()
null

再次txpool.status查看

> txpool.status
{
  pending: 0,
  queued: 0
}

pending: 0,说明已经完成

验证是否成功

获取合约地址

> contract.address
"0x1b9ef78423727bd0893739e3d57bc9e33b0cb616"

通过合约地址获取字节码

> eth.getCode(contract.address)
"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"

调用合约方法

> contract.multiply(6)
Error: invalid address
	at web3.js:3940:11(47)
	at web3.js:3756:41(16)
	at web3.js:5035:37(8)
	at web3.js:5034:12(13)
	at web3.js:5060:34(20)
	at web3.js:5085:39(15)
	at web3.js:4147:41(57)
	at web3.js:4233:75(24)
	at <eval>:1:19(3)

报错原因是因为方法没有加view ,可以读取状态变量但是不能改,要加.call

> contract.multiply.call(6)
42

ok,大功告成

下一篇文章 三.以太坊多节点私链搭建

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