Nginx的安装（笔记）

Posted 2020-09-16 ^亚飞$

0, 先决条件
nginx 依赖 pcre-devel, openssl, openssl-devel
安装命令：
yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

1,安装
1.1, 下载 Nginx，下载地址：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.0.tar.gz
1.2, 解压安装包
[[email protected] src]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.0.tar.gz
1.3, 进入安装包目录
[[email protected] src]# cd nginx-1.13.0
1.4, 编译安装
[[email protected] nginx-1.13.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[[email protected] nginx-1.13.0]# make
[[email protected] nginx-1.13.0]# make install
1.5, 查看nginx版本
[[email protected] nginx-1.13.0]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
到此，nginx安装完成。

2,  配置
2.1, 创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 www(可选)
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
2.2, 配置nginx.conf 默认路径：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[[email protected] conf]# cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#用户和组
#user www www;
#设置值和CPU核心数一致
worker_processes 2;
#日志位置和日志级别
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for‘;

#charset UTF-8;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
#下面是server虚拟主机的配置
server
{
listen 80;#监听端口
server_name localhost;#域名
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
{
expires 30d;
# access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 15d;
# access_log off;
}
access_log off;
}

}

2.3，检查配置文件ngnix.conf的正确性命令：
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

3, 启动
3.1 启动命令如下：
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
3.2 访问站点
从浏览器访问我们配置的站点ip：http://127.0.0.1:9090

4, 其它
4.1 常用命令：
# 重新载入配置文件
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
# 重启 Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen
# 停止 Nginx
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

4.2 location配置语法规则： location [=|^~|~|~*] /uri/ { … }
= 开头表示普通字符开头，匹配规则：精确匹配；
^~ 开头表示普通字符开头，匹配规则：uri 最长路径匹配；
~ 开头表示特殊字符开头，匹配规则：正则匹配(区分大小写)；
~* 开头表示特殊字符开头，匹配规则：正则匹配(不区分大小写)；
!~ 匹配规则：区分大小写不匹配的正则；
!~* 匹配规则：不区分大小写不匹配的正则；
/ 通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到。

注意：nginx不对url做编码。例如：请求：/static/20%/aa，可以被规则^~ /static/ /aa匹配到（注意是空格）。