Linux 2 unit5

Posted 2020-09-14

unit5  使用逻辑卷管理灵活存储

###LVM创建###
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /weixindata   ##建立目录
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1   ##建立pv
  Physical volume /dev/vdb1 notfound
  Can‘t open /dev/vdb1 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
[[email protected] ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1  ##建立vg
  Physical volume /dev/vdb1 notfound
  Physical volume /dev/vdb1 notfound
  Can‘t open /dev/vdb1 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
  Unable to add physical volume‘/dev/vdb1‘ to volume group ‘vg0‘.

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0
/dev/vg0: No such file or directory
Usage: mkfs.xfs
/* blocksize */     [-blog=n|size=num]
/* metadata */      [-m crc=[0|1]
/* data subvol */   [-dagcount=n,agsize=n,file,name=xxx,size=num,
               (sunit=value,swidth=value|su=num,sw=num|noalign),
                sectlog=n|sectsize=num
/* force overwrite */   [-f]
/* inode size */    [-ilog=n|perblock=n|size=num,maxpct=n,attr=0|1|2,
                projid32bit=0|1]
/* no discard */    [-K]
/* log subvol */    [-lagnum=n,internal,size=num,logdev=xxx,version=n
                sunit=value|su=num,sectlog=n|sectsize=num,
                lazy-count=0|1]
/* label */     [-L label (maximum 12characters)]
/* naming */        [-nlog=n|size=num,version=2|ci,ftype=0|1]
/* no-op info only */   [-N]
/* prototype file */    [-p fname]
/* quiet */     [-q]
/* realtime subvol */   [-r extsize=num,size=num,rtdev=xxx]
/* sectorsize */    [-slog=n|size=num]
/* version */       [-V]
            devicename
is required unless -d name=xxx is given.
is xxx (bytes), xxxs (sectors), xxxb (fs blocks), xxxk (xxxKiB),
      xxxm (xxx MiB), xxxg (xxx GiB), xxxt(xxx TiB) or xxxp (xxx PiB).
is xxx (512 byte blocks).
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0    ##查看设备信息
mdadm: md device /dev/md0 does not appear to be active.
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0    ##停止此设备
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md0  /dev/vdb2  ##添加一个新设备
[[email protected] ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1
  Volume group "vg0"successfully created
[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -L 300M -n lv0 vg0  ##创建300M的lv0在vg0下
  Logical volume "lv0"created
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv0 ##格式化
meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv0          isize=256    agcount=4,agsize=19200 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=76800, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                  extsz=4096   blocks=0,rtextents=0
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /weixindata/  ##挂载
[[email protected] ~]# ll /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Apr 22 03:52 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 -> ../dm-0  ##下面测试结果出现/mapper实则和/vg0相同
[[email protected] ~]# ll /dev/vg0/lv0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Apr 22 03:52 /dev/vg0/lv0 -> ../dm-0

测试结果

口令：watch -n 1 ‘echo ===pvmessage==;pvs;echo===vgmessage===;vgs;echo===lvm message===;lvs;echo ===;df/weixindata‘
===pvmessage==
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/vdb1  vg0 lvm2 a--  1020.00m 720.00m
  VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  vg0   1   1   0 wz--n- 1020.00m 720.00m
  LV  VG   Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data
%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv0 vg0  -wi-ao---- 300.00m

===
Filesystem          1K-blocks  Used Available U
se% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0    303788 15520    288268
 6% /weixindata

####设备拉伸####
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend -L 900M /dev/vg0/lv0   ##将原设备拉伸为900M
  Extending logical volume lv0 to 900.00MiB
  Logical volume lv0 successfullyresized
[[email protected]ation ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0  ##文件系统的扩展
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   isize=256    agcount=4,agsize=19200 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=76800, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                  extsz=4096   blocks=0,rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 76800 to 230400
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend -L 1200M /dev/vg0/lv0  ##继续拉伸为1200
  Extending logical volume lv0 to 1.17GiB
  Insufficient free space: 75 extentsneeded, but only 30 available ///提醒剩余空间不足
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb2   ##创建另一个pv
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb2"successfully created
[[email protected] ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/vdb2  ##将另一个pv加入vg中
  Volume group "vg0"successfully extended
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend -L 1200M /dev/vg0/lv0  ##继续拉伸
  Extending logical volume lv0 to 1.17GiB
  Logical volume lv0 successfully resized//拉伸成功
[[email protected] ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0 ##文件系统的拉伸
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   isize=256    agcount=12,agsize=19200 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=230400, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                  extsz=4096   blocks=0,rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 230400 to 307200


###系统的缩减###
1)缩减之前所做准备
[[email protected] ~]# umount /weixindata/  ##卸载
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/lv0 ##更改文件系统
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
76800 inodes, 307200 blocks
15360 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=314572800
10 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7680 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376,294912

Allocating group tables: done                           
Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /weixindata/  ##挂载
[[email protected] ~]# df  ##查看挂载是否成功
Filesystem          1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1            104739003241020   7232880  31% /
devtmpfs               927072       0   927072   0% /dev
tmpfs                  942660     472   942188   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  942660   17080   925580   2% /run
tmpfs                  942660       0   942660   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0   1176704    3600  1095280   1% /weixindata

2）开始缩减
[[email protected] ~]# umount /weixindata/  ##卸载
[[email protected] ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/lv0 ##扫描（系统自己检测文件系统多大）
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vg0/lv0: 11/76800 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 13924/307200 blocks
[[email protected] ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 300M  ##缩减文件系统为300M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 to 76800 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 76800 blocks long.

[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /weixindata/  ##挂载
[[email protected] ~]# lvreduce -L 300 /dev/vg0/lv0 ##缩减设备
  WARNING: Reducing active and openlogical volume to 300.00 MiB
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystemetc.)
Do you really want to reduce lv0? [y/n]: y
  Reducing logical volume lv0 to 300.00MiB
  Logical volume lv0 successfullyresized
[[email protected] ~]# pvmove /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2 ##把设备1信息传给设备2
[[email protected] ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb1 ##把vdb1从vg0移除
  Removed "/dev/vdb1" fromvolume group "vg0"
  /dev/vdb1: Moved: 1.3%
  /dev/vdb1: Moved: 100.0%
[[email protected] ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb1  把vdb1从pv移除
  Labels on physical volume"/dev/vdb1" successfully wiped


####快照####
[[email protected] ~]# touch /weixindata/file{1..10}
[[email protected] ~]# ls /weixindata/
file1   file2  file4 file6  file8  lost+found
file10  file3  file5 file7  file9
[[email protected] ~]# umount /weixindata/
[[email protected] ~]# cd /weixindata/
[[email protected] weixindata]# ls
[[email protected] weixindata]# cd
[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate  -L 50M -nlv0backup -s /dev/vg0/lv0    ###创建快照
  Rounding up size to full physicalextent 52.00 MiB
  Logical volume "lv0backup"created
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0backup /weixindata/
[[email protected] ~]# cd /weixindata/
[[email protected] weixindata]# ls
file1   file2  file4 file6  file8  lost+found
file10  file3  file5 file7  file9
[[email protected] weixindata]# rm -fr *
[[email protected] weixindata]# ls
[[email protected] weixindata]# cd
[[email protected] ~]# umount /weixindata/
[[email protected] ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lvobackup ##删除坏了的快照
  One or more specified logical volume(s)not found.
[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate  -L 50M -nlv0backup -s /dev/vg0/lv0   ##重新快照
  Rounding up size to full physicalextent 52.00 MiB
  Logical volume "lv0backup"already exists in volume group "vg0"
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0backup /weixindata/
[[email protected] ~]# ls /weixindata/
file1   file2  file4 file6  file8  lost+found
file10  file3  file5 file7  file9


监护口令：
watch -n 1 ‘echo ===pvmessage==; pvs;echo===vgmessage===;vgs;echo===lvmmessage===;lvs;echo ===;df /weixindata‘

快照成功时监护界面：
===pvmessage==
  PV         VG  Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/vdb2  vg0 lvm2 a--  1020.00m 668.00m
  VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  vg0   1   2   1 wz--n- 1020.00m 668.00m
  LV        VG  Attr       LSize   Pool Origin
 Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv0       vg0 owi-a-s--- 300.00m

  lv0backup vg0  swi-a-s--- 52.00m  lv0
   0.00
===
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use%
 Mounted on
/dev/vda1       10473900 3240980   7232920 31%
 /

####LVM的删除####
[[email protected] ~]# umount /weixindata/  ##卸载
[[email protected] ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0backup ##删除快照
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv0backup? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lv0backup"successfully removed
[[email protected] ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0 ##删除lv0本身
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv0? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lv0"successfully removed
[[email protected]ation ~]# vgremove vg0   删除vg
  Volume group "vg0"successfully removed
[[email protected] ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb2  删除pv
  Labels on physical volume"/dev/vdb2" successfully wiped

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