Linux 2 unit4
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unit4 管理系统中的简单分区和文件系统
###磁盘划分###
分为主分区<最多四个>和扩展分区（可划分为逻辑分区<一般16个>）
口令：fdisk /dev/vdb
过程：
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##划分磁盘
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7718cb65.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without savingchanges
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition‘s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7718cb65
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n ##创建一个新分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended ##扩展分区
Select (default p): p ##主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):+1G ##所划分大小
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (2099200-20971519, default 2099200):
Using default value 2099200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519, default 20971519):+500M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p ##查看已分区
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7718cb65
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 2099200 3123199 512000 83 Linux
Command (m for help): wq ##保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表（在磁盘划分每步之后都要进行的操作）
####磁盘分区查看####
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions ##查看磁盘分区
[[email protected] ~]# blkid ##查看可用分区
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1"TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb5: UUID="e8fc576b-5c7c-4cba-9541-68d6ecca5958"TYPE="xfs"
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb3 ##格式化vdb3分区
meta-data=/dev/vdb3 isize=256 agcount=4,agsize=6400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0,rtextents=0
[[email protected] ~]# blkid ##查看可用分区
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1"TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb5: UUID="e8fc576b-5c7c-4cba-9541-68d6ecca5958"TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb3: UUID="24af62cd-d6a3-4a62-8954-e7e0b9261cfb"TYPE="xfs" ##和上面对比出现此类型
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[[email protected] ~]# mount -a ##文档的立即生效
[[email protected] ~]# df ##查看挂载
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/ ##挂载
[[email protected] ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3178824 7295076 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 84 942576 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17028 925632 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb1 1038336 32928 1005408 4% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# mount
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=927072k,nr_inodes=231768,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)#
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts(rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup(rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/vda1 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
rpc_pipefs on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs(rw,relatime,fd=29,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
sunrpc on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw,relatime)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/0/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse(rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
/dev/vdb5 on /mnt type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
/dev/vdb3 on /mnt type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
[[email protected] ~]# man mount ##可用来查看mount命令
####磁盘分区的划分####
[[email protected] ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3240564 7233336 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 472 942188 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17056 925604 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb5 98988 5280 93708 6% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt/ ##卸载
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb（同上系统磁盘划分）
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表
Error: Partition(s) 5 on /dev/vdb have been written, but we have been unable toinform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remainin use. You should reboot now beforemaking further changes.
[[email protected] ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3240564 7233336 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 472 942188 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17040 925620 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
####swap分区的建立与优先级的改变####
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s ##显示简短的装置讯息
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):+4G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t ##更改文件系统
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l ##查看列表
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FSdata
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS /.
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de DellUtility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrackDM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS /HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 ##改为swap格式
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux swap / Solaris‘
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x193165fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions ##查看已划分的磁盘
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 4194304 vdb1
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1"TYPE="xfs"
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb1 ##更改分区为swap格式
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4194300 KiB
no label, UUID=2b215655-7b6c-4f89-a685-07ff48ea6dc8
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1"TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="2b215655-7b6c-4f89-a685-07ff48ea6dc8"TYPE="swap"
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb1 ##自动启动此swap装置
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s ##显示简短的装置讯息
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 4194300 0 -1
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##再次划分
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (8390656-20971519, default 8390656):
Using default value 8390656
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (8390656-20971519, default 20971519):+1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t #更改格式
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 ##选swap格式
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux swap / Solaris‘
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x193165fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vdb2 8390656 10487807 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device orresource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1"TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="2b215655-7b6c-4f89-a685-07ff48ea6dc8"TYPE="swap"
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb2 ##更改格式
/dev/vdb2: No such file or directory
[[email protected] ~]# part
parted partprobe partx
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="2b215655-7b6c-4f89-a685-07ff48ea6dc8"TYPE="swap"
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048572 KiB
no label, UUID=fb1c1a9f-c380-43c3-bb6a-afbf8105cfa8
[[email protected] ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1"TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="2b215655-7b6c-4f89-a685-07ff48ea6dc8"TYPE="swap"
/dev/vdb2: UUID="fb1c1a9f-c380-43c3-bb6a-afbf8105cfa8"TYPE="swap"
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2 ##激活vdb2
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s ##查看是否激活
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 4194300 0 -1
/dev/vdb2 partition 1048572 0 -2
[[email protected] ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb2 ##关闭vdb2
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2 -p 1 （临时）##激活同时优先级为1
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s ##查看是否激活
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 4194300 0 -1
/dev/vdb2 partition 1048572 0 1
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab （永久更改优先级）
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 4194300 0 -1
/dev/vdb2 partition 1048572 0 1
###磁盘分区的删除###
[[email protected] ~]# swapon -s ##查看激活的设备
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb1 partition 4194300 0 -1
/dev/vdb2 partition 1048572 0 1
[[email protected] ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb{1,2} ##关闭已经激活的设备
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p ##查看已划分分区
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x193165fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vdb2 8390656 10487807 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): d ###删除
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 is deleted
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
Partition 2 is deleted
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x193165fb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/partitions ##查看存在分区
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
###非交互式建立分区####
[[email protected] ~]# vim fdisk.sh ##写自动划分脚本
[[email protected] ~]# chmod +x fdisk.sh ##加执行权限
[[email protected] ~]# ./fdisk.sh /dev/vdb p +100M ##划分大小为100M的分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector(3123200-20971519, default 3123200): Using default value 3123200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (3123200-20971519, default 20971519):Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
###磁盘配额#####
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):+500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device orresource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /pub/
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /pub/
[[email protected] ~]# su - westos
Last login: Sat Apr 22 01:57:03 EDT 2017 on pts/1
[[email protected] ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=1000 ##从/dev/zero划分大小为1G的到/pub/file
dd: error writing ‘/pub/file’: No space left on device
472+0 records in
471+0 records out
494383104 bytes (494 MB) copied, 2.02753 s, 244 MB/s
[[email protected] ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=100
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 1.47655 s, 71.0 MB/s
[[email protected] ~]$ exit
logout
[[email protected] ~]# umount /pub/
[[email protected] ~]# mount -o usrquota,grpquota /dev/vdb1 /pub/ ##磁盘参数（-o)去挂载<用户和组>
[[email protected] ~]# quotaon -ugv /dev/vdb1 ##激活参数(ugv用户，组，显示激活过程)
quotaon: Enforcing group quota already on /dev/vdb1
quotaon: Enforcing user quota already on /dev/vdb1
[[email protected] ~]# edquota -u westos ##查看文件配置内容（设定限额）
[[email protected] ~]# ls -l /pub/
total 102400
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 104857600 Apr 22 02:04 file
[[email protected] ~]# edquota -u westos
[[email protected] ~]# ls /pub/
file
[[email protected] ~]# su - westos
Last login: Sat Apr 22 02:03:58 EDT 2017 on pts/1
[[email protected] ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/pub/file bs=1M count=100
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.216038 s, 485 MB/s
[[email protected] ~]$ exit
logout
[[email protected] ~]# edquota -u westos ##查看文件配额的显示
###磁盘并列（raid）####
[[email protected] ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3241352 7232548 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 472 942188 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17036 925624 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
###同上
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/vdb{1..3} ##建立本来不存在的设备，用两块空闲一块建立raid1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a bootdevice. If you plan to
store ‘/boot‘ on this device pleaseensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.xmetadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0 ##格式化
meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=256 agcount=4,agsize=31980 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=127920, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0,rtextents=0
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/md0 /mnt ##挂载
[[email protected] ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3241360 7232540 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 472 942188 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17084 925576 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0 508268 25744 482524 6% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10G 3.1G 6.9G 31% /
devtmpfs 906M 0 906M 0% /dev
tmpfs 921M 472K 921M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 921M 17M 904M 2% /run
tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md0 497M 26M 472M 6% /mnt
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 ##查看设备信息
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ##手动使使第二块坏掉
mdadm: set /dev/vdb2 faulty in /dev/md0
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ##删除第二块
mdadm: hot removed /dev/vdb2 from /dev/md0
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 ##查看设备信息
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:45:232017
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 511680 (499.77 MiB523.96 MB)
Used Dev Size : 511680 (499.77 MiB523.96 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock ispersistent
Update Time : Sat Apr 22 02:55:212017
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : station.domain13.example.com:0 (local to hoststation.domain13.example.com)
UUID :fb08cc81:d5ba9e1d:5defa070:44de50ca
Events : 37
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 253 17 0 active sync /dev/vdb1
2 253 19 1 active sync /dev/vdb3
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ##添加新设备
mdadm: added /dev/vdb2
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/vdb2 ##再次查看设备信息
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:45:232017
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 511680 (499.77 MiB523.96 MB)
Used Dev Size : 511680 (499.77 MiB523.96 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock ispersistent
Update Time : Sat Apr 22 02:55:412017
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name :station.domain13.example.com:0 (local tohost station.domain13.example.com)
UUID :fb08cc81:d5ba9e1d:5defa070:44de50ca
Events : 38
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 253 17 0 active sync /dev/vdb1
2 253 19 1 active sync /dev/vdb3
3 253 18 - spare /dev/vdb2
mdadm: /dev/vdb2 does not appear to be an md device
实验监控命令：
watch -n 1 cat /proc/mdstat
watch -n 1 ‘cat /proc/mdstat;echo ====;df -h‘
###删除设备###
[[email protected] ~]# umount /mnt ##卸载
[[email protected] ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3240512 7233388 31% /
devtmpfs 927072 0 927072 0% /dev
tmpfs 942660 472 942188 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 942660 17116 925544 2% /run
tmpfs 942660 0 942660 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Apr 22 02:45:232017
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 511680 (499.77 MiB523.96 MB)
Used Dev Size : 511680 (499.77 MiB523.96 MB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock ispersistent
Update Time : Sat Apr 22 03:04:362017
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : station.domain13.example.com:0 (local to hoststation.domain13.example.com)
UUID :fb08cc81:d5ba9e1d:5defa070:44de50ca
Events : 38
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 253 17 0 active sync /dev/vdb1
2 253 19 1 active sync /dev/vdb3
3 253 18 - spare /dev/vdb2
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md0 ###停止设备
mdadm: stopped /dev/md0
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##新建磁盘设备
同上
[[email protected] ~]# partprobe ##同步分区表
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