继承的概念和访问级别

Posted 2021-09-18 阿弥陀佛.a

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
    int mv;
public:
    Parent()
    {
        cout << "Parent()" << endl;
        mv = 100;
    }
    void method()
    {
        cout << "mv = " << mv << endl;
    }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
    void hello()
    {
        cout << "I'm Child calss!" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{   
	//创建c时，会触发父类构造函数
    Child c;
    
    c.hello();
    c.method();
    
    return 0;
}

子类可以当父类使用，所以子类可以赋值给父类对象，可以编译通过

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Memory
{
public:
    Memory()
    {
        cout << "Memory()" << endl;
    }
    ~Memory()
    {
        cout << "~Memory()" << endl;
    }
};

class Disk
{
public:
    Disk()
    {
        cout << "Disk()" << endl;
    }
    ~Disk()
    {
        cout << "~Disk()" << endl;
    }   
};

class CPU
{
public:
    CPU()
    {
        cout << "CPU()" << endl;
    }
    ~CPU()
    {
        cout << "~CPU()" << endl;
    }    
};

class MainBoard
{
public:
    MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "MainBoard()" << endl;
    }
    ~MainBoard()
    {
        cout << "~MainBoard()" << endl;
    }    
};

class Computer
{
    Memory mMem;
    Disk mDisk;
    CPU mCPU;
    MainBoard mMainBoard;
public:
    Computer()
    {
        cout << "Computer()" << endl;
    }
    void power()
    {
        cout << "power()" << endl;
    }
    void reset()
    {
        cout << "reset()" << endl;
    }
    ~Computer()
    {
        cout << "~Computer()" << endl;
    }
};

class HPBook : public Computer
{
    string mOS;
public:
    HPBook()
    {
        mOS = "Windows 8";
    }
    void install(string os)
    {
        mOS = os;
    }
    void OS()
    {
        cout << mOS << endl;
    }
};

class MacBook : public Computer
{
public:
    void OS()
    {
        cout << "Mac OS" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{   
    HPBook hp;
    
    hp.power();
    hp.install("Ubuntu 16.04 LTS");
    hp.OS();
    
    cout << endl;
    
    MacBook mac;
    
    mac.OS();
    
    return 0;
}

小结1

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
private:
    int mv;
public:
    Parent()
    {
        mv = 100;
    }
    
    int value()
    {
        return mv;
    }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
    int addValue(int v)
    {
        mv = mv + v;    // ???? 如何访问父类的非公有成员
    }
};

int main()
{   
    return 0;
}

这里编译不过去，因为子类访问不了父类私有成员

把上面程序把private 改成 protected就能编译通过了！

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
protected:
    int mv;
public:
    Parent()
    {
        mv = 100;
    }
    
    int value()
    {
        return mv;
    }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
    int addValue(int v)
    {
    	//子类内部可以访问父类protected修饰的成员
        mv = mv + v;    
    }
};

int main()
{   
    Parent p;
    
    cout << "p.mv = " << p.value() << endl;
    
    // p.mv = 1000;    // error
    
    Child c;
    
    cout << "c.mv = " << c.value() << endl;
    
    c.addValue(50);
    
    cout << "c.mv = " << c.value() << endl;
    
    // c.mv = 10000;  // error，不能被外部访问
    
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

class Object
{
protected:
    string mName;
    string mInfo;
public:
    Object()
    {
        mName = "Object";
        mInfo = "";
    }
    string name()
    {
        return mName;
    }
    string info()
    {
        return mInfo;
    }
};

class Point : public Object
{
private:
    int mX;
    int mY;
public:
//终于知道这里xy为什么要给初始值0了
//如果不给初始值，那么下面Line(Point p1, Point p2)时，
//编译器查找无参构造函数，发现没有，则报错。（自定义了构造函数那么编译器就不会给出了）
//如果给了初始值，那么Line(Point p1, Point p2)时，其实调用的是下面的构造函数，
//因为编译器默认xy是你定义的默认的，比如你写Point p1(1),那么x=1，y=0
    Point(int x = 0, int y = 0)
    {
        ostringstream s;
        
        mX = x;
        mY = y;
        mName = "Point";
        
        s << "P(" << mX << ", " << mY << ")";
        
        mInfo = s.str();
    }
    int x()
    {
        return mX;
    }
    int y()
    {
        return mY;
    }
};

class Line : public Object
{
private:
    Point mP1;
    Point mP2;
public:
    Line(Point p1, Point p2)
    {
        ostringstream s;
        
        mP1 = p1;
        mP2 = p2;
        mName = "Line";
        
        s << "Line from " << mP1.info() << " to " << mP2.info();
        
        mInfo = s.str();
    }
    Point begin()
    {
        return mP1;
    }
    Point end()
    {
        return mP2;
    }
};

int main()
{   
    Object o;
    Point p(1, 2);
    Point pn(5, 6);
    Line l(p, pn);
    
    cout << o.name() << endl;
    cout << o.info() << endl;
    
    cout << endl;
    
    cout << p.name() << endl;
    cout << p.info() << endl;
    
    cout << endl;
    
    cout << l.name() << endl;
    cout << l.info() << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

小结2