Linux|Docker镜像|以centos7为基础镜像制作一个目标镜像

Posted 2021-09-12 和呵呵和

1. 以centos7为基础镜像

2. 在里面安装好IP，vim，ping命令

3. 编译安装nginx，使用指定的配置文件nginx.conf

4. 启动容器的时候，就启动nginx

5.网页代码上传到容器里：

			1.直接做到镜像里
			2.使用数据卷挂载使用

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如下是具体实现操作：

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1.准备环境，新建目录

[root@yihelinux myimage]# mkdir nginx
[root@yihelinux myimage]# cd nginx/
[root@yihelinux nginx]# pwd
/lianxi/myimage/nginx
[root@yihelinux nginx]#

• 首先我们新建一个文件夹，用于存放制作镜像的dockerfile

• 下载nginx源码文件可以直接使用

curl -O 指定版本的nginx包

这里我提前下载好了放在和Dockerfile同一级目录下

• 然后编写一个编译安装nginx的脚本文件
  install_nginx.sh脚本文件内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

#解决软件的依赖关系，需要安装的软件包
yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake make
#download nginx
mkdir -p /nginx
cd /nginx
#解压 下载的nginx的源码包
tar xf nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz
cd  nginx-1.21.1
#生成编译前配置工作-->Makefile
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx1  --with-threads --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module  --with-http_v2_module --with-file-aio  --with-http_stub_status_module --with-stream
#编译
make
#编译安装--》将编译好的二进制程序安装指定目录/usr/local/nginx1
make   install
~

最后目录结构如下

[root@yihelinux nginx]# tree ./
./
├── Dockerfile
├── install_nginx.sh
└── nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz

0 directories, 3 files

2.编写Dockerfile

文件内容如下

FROM centos:7
ENV NGINX_VERSION 1.21.1
ENV AUTHOR yihe
LABEL maintainer="yihe<[e-mail]>"
WORKDIR /nginx
COPY . /nginx
RUN set -ex;\\
        bash install_nginx.sh;\\
        yum install vim iputils net-tools iproute -y
EXPOSE 80
ENV PATH=/usr/local/nginx1/sbin:$PATH
STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT
CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"]

~

• dockerfile内容解答：
• 1

q：为什么有的镜像启动需要接-it，有的不需要？

a：centos7或者ubuntu的基础镜像，在启动的时候，运行的程序是bash
一运行完就马上退出了，使用-it可以保证一直有一个前台进程运行，保证容器不挂掉

• 2
  CMD [“nginx”,"-g",“daemon off;”]#让nginx在前台运行，-g daemon off 将off值赋值给daemon这个变量，告诉ngixn不要在后台启动，在前台启动；daemon是守护进程，默认在后台运行

• 3
  可以使用如下命令查看某个命令来自哪个包

[root@yihelinux nginx]# yum provides ping
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
iputils-20160308-10.el7.x86_64 : Network monitoring tools including ping
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/ping



iputils-20160308-10.el7.x86_64 : Network monitoring tools including ping
Repo        : @anaconda
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/ping

或者用如下命令：

[root@yihelinux nginx]# which ping
/usr/bin/ping
[root@yihelinux nginx]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/ping
iputils-20160308-10.el7.x86_64
[root@yihelinux nginx]#

3生成镜像images

[root@yihelinux nginx]# ls
Dockerfile  install_nginx.sh  nginx-1.21.1.tar.gz
[root@yihelinux nginx]# docker build -t yihe-nginx:1.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  1.069MB
Step 1/11 : FROM centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pulling fs layer

• 最后出现如下说明制作成功

Step 9/11 : ENV PATH=/usr/local/nginx1/sbin:$PATH
 ---> Running in c74287833a75
Removing intermediate container c74287833a75
 ---> 152c94eac420
Step 10/11 : STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT
 ---> Running in 3c14415891fe
Removing intermediate container 3c14415891fe
 ---> 795ac7054c28
Step 11/11 : CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"]
 ---> Running in 118a10de0ac2
Removing intermediate container 118a10de0ac2
 ---> 9c6248a3878d
Successfully built 9c6248a3878d
Successfully tagged yihe-nginx:1.0

• 查看镜像

[root@yihelinux nginx]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
yihe-nginx           1.0        9c6248a3878d   About a minute ago   543MB
yihello_1            latest     258686a933a8   9 days ago           159MB
<none>               <none>     210c72dbc6ba   9 days ago           148MB
redis                latest     aa4d65e670d6   4 weeks ago          105MB
nginx                latest     08b152afcfae   5 weeks ago          133MB
mysql                latest     c60d96bd2b77   5 weeks ago          514MB
hello-world          latest     d1165f221234   5 months ago         13.3kB
daocloud.io/centos   latest     300e315adb2f   8 months ago         209MB
centos               7          8652b9f0cb4c   9 months ago         204MB
python               2.7-slim   eeb27ee6b893   16 months ago        148MB
[root@yihelinux nginx]#

第二个就是我们制作的镜像

4.运行制作好的镜像

[root@yihelinux nginx]# docker run -dp 3390:80 --name yihe-nginx-1 yihe-nginx:1.0
4c13ff29b94a869814057944f7f9f8d507fe46a64726f1e5bfd46f2a76fcdf78

• 没有报错说明运行成功，查看一下容器

[root@yihelinux nginx]# docker container ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE            COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
4c13ff29b94a   yihe-nginx:1.0   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:3390->80/tcp, :::3390->80/tcp   yihe-nginx-1
[root@yihelinux nginx]#

5.测试访问

进入容器，查看vim，ping等命令能否使用

[root@yihelinux nginx]# docker exec -it yihe-nginx-1 /bin/bash
[root@4c13ff29b94a nginx]# vim
[root@4c13ff29b94a nginx]# ping 192.168.10.15 -c 1
PING 192.168.10.15 (192.168.10.15) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.15: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.112 ms

--- 192.168.10.15 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.112/0.112/0.112/0.000 ms
[root@4c13ff29b94a nginx]# ip route
default via 172.17.0.1 dev eth0
172.17.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.17.0.2
[root@4c13ff29b94a nginx]#

使用windows本机访问容器宿主机3390端口，看是否运行

nice！