docker镜像的导入和导出
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docker镜像的导入和导出
前言
**镜像的导入和导出在docker日常使用中非常频繁,所以说一定要学会这个操作 接下来地一个小练习希望大家好好体会.**一、images 练习:
1.拉取centos:7和Ubuntu的镜像
2.在里面安装软件 tree，nginx
3.镜像导出
4.在另外一台机器里导入
代码如下（示例）：
1.拉取centos:7和Ubuntu的镜像
代码如下（示例）：
root@sanchuang-server:~# docker run -it --name ubuntu-liu-4 -d ubuntu
root@sanchuang-server:~# docker exec -it ubuntu-liu-4 /bin/bash
root@a1712fe90c29:/# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS \\n \\l
root@a1712fe90c29:/#
2.在里面安装软件 tree，nginx
docker pull nginx
直接拉取就可以了,这一步比较简单.
3.镜像导出
代码如下（示例）：
root@sanchuang-server:~# docker save -o sc-ubuntu.tar ubuntu
root@sanchuang-server:~# ls
sc-ubuntu.tar snap
scp传递到另外一台服务器上
root@sanchuang-server:~# scp sc-ubuntu.tar root@192.168.0.17:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.17 (192.168.0.17)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ekPSYt7PzharlAuHlYLxgvsmdJewVxXNNYJgQp6Pqro.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.17' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.0.17's password:
sc-ubuntu.tar 100% 72MB 42.1MB/s 00:01
root@sanchuang-server:~#
4.在另外一台机器里导入*
代码如下（示例）：
[root@sc-docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg sanchuang sc-ubuntu.tar
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 2 weeks ago 105MB
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 2 weeks ago 133MB
mysql 5.7.35 8cf625070931 2 weeks ago 448MB
daocloud.io/nginx latest 6084105296a9 5 months ago 133MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos/python-35-centos7 latest 2db34dda8fd8 2 years ago 645MB
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker load -i sc-ubuntu.tar
7555a8182c42: Loading layer [==================================================>] 75.16MB/75.16MB
Loaded image: ubuntu:latest
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest 1318b700e415 2 weeks ago 72.8MB
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 2 weeks ago 105MB
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 2 weeks ago 133MB
mysql 5.7.35 8cf625070931 2 weeks ago 448MB
daocloud.io/nginx latest 6084105296a9 5 months ago 133MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos/python-35-centos7 latest 2db34dda8fd8 2 years ago 645MB
[root@sc-docker ~]#
root@sanchuang-server:~# docker export -o sc-ubuntu2.tar ubuntu-liu-4
root@sanchuang-server:~# ls
sc-ubuntu2.tar sc-ubuntu.tar snap
root@sanchuang-server:~#
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker import sc-ubuntu2.tar sc-ubuntu:2.0
sha256:619407bc7aa57128a71365440910b107db3eaad949d0e383aac8bfbc24c668bc
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
sc-ubuntu 2.0 619407bc7aa5 3 seconds ago 72.8MB
<none> <none> 73a107c7cc6c 59 seconds ago 72.8MB
ubuntu latest 1318b700e415 2 weeks ago 72.8MB
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 2 weeks ago 105MB
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 2 weeks ago 133MB
mysql 5.7.35 8cf625070931 2 weeks ago 448MB
daocloud.io/nginx latest 6084105296a9 5 months ago 133MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
centos/python-35-centos7 latest 2db34dda8fd8 2 years ago 645MB
[root@sc-docker ~]#
二.拓展:
1.导出镜像分类:
静态：存放的镜像： docker save ---》docker load
动态：运行在容器里的镜像：docker export --》docker import
-p 做端口映射的时候，其实背后就是在iptables里添加DNAT和SNAT策略
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker run -it -d --name luojiajun centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker run -it -d --name luojiajun7 -p 9998:90 centos:7
3af5f37ee5925249aa6d0fd51c7b6cb7689a8aaf4b054e64f472303e5206f9b0
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3af5f37ee592 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:9998->90/tcp, :::9998->90/tcp luojiajun7
822a3a150d08 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes luojiajun5
3ea804c5dd0c centos:7 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours luojiajun3
69eb9fc6eef8 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:8090->90/tcp, :::8090->90/tcp luojiajun2
[root@sc-docker ~]# iptables -L -t nat -n
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
DOCKER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
MASQUERADE all -- 172.17.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0
MASQUERADE tcp -- 172.17.0.2 172.17.0.2 tcp dpt:90
MASQUERADE tcp -- 172.17.0.5 172.17.0.5 tcp dpt:90
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
DOCKER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 !127.0.0.0/8 ADDRTYPE match dst-type LOCAL
Chain DOCKER (2 references)
target prot opt source destination
RETURN all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8090 to:172.17.0.2:90
DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:9998 to:172.17.0.5:90
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker run -it -d --name luojiajun9 -p 9999:90 centos:7
a9db103780634654c8958d9c3103e76a45935d03708822e174383d4c905d2fc8
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a9db10378063 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:9999->90/tcp, :::9999->90/tcp luojiajun9
3af5f37ee592 centos:7 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:9998->90/tcp, :::9998->90/tcp luojiajun7
822a3a150d08 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes luojiajun5
3ea804c5dd0c centos:7 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours luojiajun3
69eb9fc6eef8 centos:7 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:8090->90/tcp, :::8090->90/tcp luojiajun2
2.查看路由器详情:
[root@sc-docker ~]# docker container inspect luojiajun10 查看容器的详情
[
{
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:07",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "8492b65ba9220655d8c9cad020e0eeaa2a4dbd25cbf3f3d6f44edc2fec4a68c2",
"EndpointID": "4f13d3186fd4e0a9aca5663435716fddd9ec0de0b8c3e8673447fc0e00a91503",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.7",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:07",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@sc-docker ~]#
总结
1.我相信同学们一定掌握了镜像的相关操作,针不戳!
其实镜像的导出中-p 做端口映射的时候，其实背后就是在iptables里添加DNAT和SNAT策略,这点还需要好好理解一下.
2.下节的内容我会更新镜像的制作和使用,大家一起加油哈.
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3.如果你看到这里了,麻烦👍 + 关注哈,感谢支持,码字不易,谢谢理解.
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