Mockito单元测试保姆级实战(一个java Mock测试框架)
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Mockito单元测试保姆级实战
01 Mockito相关
01::01 前期准备
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
@InjectMocks
ServiceTest serviceTest;
@Mock
ServiceTestMapper mapper;
@Mock：模拟出一个Mock对象，对象是空的，需要指明对象调用什么方法，传入什么参数时，返回什么值
@InjectMocks：依赖@Mock对象的类，也即是被测试的类。@Mock出的对象会被注入到@InjectMocks对象中
01::02 单元测试注解
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({})
@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.net.ssl.*","javax.management.*"})
01::03 为UT提供框架使用的自动验证
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
01::04 给测试类中的变量赋值
import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(serviceTest,"变量名","要赋给该变量的值");
01::05 给测试类中的方法设置返回值
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
PowerMockito.when(mapper.test(any(String.class))).thenReturn(返回内容)
01::06 给测试类中的方法抛出异常
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
PowerMockito.when(mapper.test(any(String.class))).thenThrow(new 异常);
01::07 给测试类中的方法设置不返回对象
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(serviceTest).mapper.test(any(String.class));
01::08 Mock方法内部new出来的对象
例子:
File file = new File(path);
file.exists();
单元测试:
File file1 = PowerMockito.mock(File.class);
PowerMockito.whenNew(File.class).withArguments(file).thenReturn(file1);
PowerMockito.when(file1.exists()).thenReturn(true);
01::09 给测试类中的静态类调静态方法提供返回值
测试类头部:
@PrepareForTest({静态类.class})
前期准备:
@Before
public void init(){
PowerMockito.mockStatic(静态类.class);
}
调用:
PowerMockito.when(静态类.静态方法()).thenReturn(返回内容);
02 辅助Mockito
02 ::01 junit常用注解
junit常用注解
@Test(timeout = 10)
测试，该注解必须加到方法上
timeout超时时间，单位是毫秒
终止死循环，当达到设定的值，结束循环
@Ignore
忽略不想被测试的方法，该注解必须加到方法上，也可以加到类上(慎用)
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
把junit和spring整合到一块，该注解加到类上
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {“classpath:conf/applicationContext.xml”})
用于加载spring配置文件的注解，添加到类上
locations代表spring配置文件路径的数组，数组的类型为Stirng
classpath:这个东西代表从源包下开始寻找
@Resource(name = “blogService”)
注入属性的注解，就相当于set、get方法，name指明bean的id值
@Before
在所有方法之前执行，一般加到方法上
@After
在所有方法之后执行，一般加到方法上
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = “transactionManager”, defaultRollback = true)
上边这俩注解要一块用，用于事物控制，加到类上
transactionManager代表配置文件中事务管理器bean的id值
defaultRollback代表事物回滚，默认值为true，是回滚的
02:02 assert常用方法
Assert.assertEquals(“message”,A,B):
判断对象A和B是否相等，这个判断比较时调用了equals()方法。
Assert.assertSame(“message”,A,B):
判断对象A和B是否相同，使用的是==操作符。
Assert.assertTure(“message”,A):
判断A条件是否为真。
Assert.assertFalse(“message”,A):
判断A条件是否不为真。
Assert.assertNotNull(“message”,A):
判断A对象是否不为null
Assert.assertArrayEquals(“message”,A,B):
判断A数组与B数组是否相等。
等等.............................................
03 实战测试
03::01 要单元测试的实例
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
public class HttpUtil {
private String url = "";
/**
* @param param 传参
* @param heads 自定义请求头
* */
public String httpPost(String param, Map<String,String> heads) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(60000).setConnectTimeout(60000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(60000).build();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type","application/json;charset=UTF-8");
if (heads != null){
heads.forEach((k,v) -> httpPost.setHeader(k,v));
}
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(param,"UTF-8"));
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().disableAutomaticRetries().build();
String result = null;
try{
CloseableHttpResponse execute = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpResponse response = execute;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
return result;
}
}
03::02 单元测试的实例
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PowerMockIgnore;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
/**
* 单元测试
* author : yangzhenyu
* **/
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({HttpClientBuilder.class, EntityUtils.class})
@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.net.ssl.*","javax.management.*"})
public class HttpUtilTest {
@InjectMocks
private HttpUtil httpUtil;
@Mock
CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
@Mock
CloseableHttpResponse response;
@Mock
HttpEntity entity;
@Mock
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder;
@Before
public void init(){
PowerMockito.mockStatic(HttpClientBuilder.class);
PowerMockito.mockStatic(EntityUtils.class);
}
/**
* http post 测试方案1.0
* given 准备测试数据 data
* when 返回正确的格式
* input param 传参，heads 自定义请求头
* then 等值判断
*
* */
@Test
public void test_HttpUtil_1_0() throws IOException {
//given
String data = "{\\"II\\":\\"2\\"}";
//when
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(httpUtil,"url","http://127.0.0.1:8080");
PowerMockito.when(HttpClients.custom()).thenReturn(httpClientBuilder);
PowerMockito.when(httpClientBuilder.disableAutomaticRetries()).thenReturn(httpClientBuilder);
PowerMockito.when(httpClientBuilder.build()).thenReturn(httpClient);
PowerMockito.when(httpClient.execute(any(HttpPost.class))).thenReturn(response);
PowerMockito.when(response.getEntity()).thenReturn(entity);
PowerMockito.when(EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8")).thenReturn("0rsgfe223323");
String s = httpUtil.httpPost(data, null);
//then
Assert.assertEquals("0rsgfe223323",s);
}
}
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