Vagrant Box 镜像准备：Packer 打包 Centos 8.3 系统
Posted Lucifer三思而后行
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目录
前言
使用 vagrant 的前提是要有 box 镜像盒子来初始化系统，网上有很多 box 可以下载，但是用自己的不是更香吗？自己动手，丰衣足食！
环境准备
软件准备
首先需要安装 vagrant + virtualbox + packer ，具体安装教程，请参考文章：☀️ 福利向：⚡️万字图文⚡️ 带你 Vagrant 从入门到超神！❤️
下载系统镜像
下载 centos 8.3 安装包，下载地址：精心整理Linux各版本安装包（包括Centos、Redhat、Oracle Linux），附下载链接🔗
这里的校验码记录一下： aaf9d4b3071c16dbbda01dfe06085e5d0fdac76df323e3bbe87cce4318052247
下载打包源码
下载打包模板源码：
git clone https://hub.fastgit.org/chef/bento.git
将系统镜像文件拷贝至 bento/packer_templates/centos 目录下：
确认环境准备好之后，可以开始进行打包。
开始打包
自定义json文件
使用目录中的 centos-8.3-x86_64.json 文件，复制为 centos83.json ，进行自定义修改：
{
"builders": [
{
"boot_command": "{{ user `boot_command` }}",
"boot_wait": "5s",
"cpus": "{{ user `cpus` }}",
"disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
"guest_additions_path": "VBoxGuestAdditions_{{.Version}}.iso",
"guest_additions_url": "{{ user `guest_additions_url` }}",
"guest_os_type": "RedHat_64",
"hard_drive_interface": "sata",
"headless": "{{ user `headless` }}",
"http_directory": "{{user `http_directory`}}",
"iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
"iso_url": "{{user `mirror`}}/{{user `mirror_directory`}}/{{user `iso_name`}}",
"memory": "{{ user `memory` }}",
"output_directory": "{{ user `build_directory` }}/packer-{{user `template`}}-virtualbox",
"shutdown_command": "echo 'vagrant' | sudo -S /sbin/halt -h -p",
"ssh_password": "vagrant",
"ssh_port": 22,
"ssh_timeout": "10000s",
"ssh_username": "vagrant",
"type": "virtualbox-iso",
"virtualbox_version_file": ".vbox_version",
"vm_name": "{{ user `template` }}"
}
],
"post-processors": [
{
"output": "{{ user `build_directory` }}/{{user `box_basename`}}.{{.Provider}}.box",
"type": "vagrant"
}
],
"provisioners": [
{
"environment_vars": [
"HOME_DIR=/home/vagrant",
"http_proxy={{user `http_proxy`}}",
"https_proxy={{user `https_proxy`}}",
"no_proxy={{user `no_proxy`}}"
],
"execute_command": "echo 'vagrant' | {{.Vars}} sudo -S -E sh -eux '{{.Path}}'",
"expect_disconnect": true,
"scripts": [
"{{template_dir}}/scripts/update.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/motd.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/sshd.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/scripts/networking.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/vagrant.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/virtualbox.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/vmware.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/parallels.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/scripts/cleanup.sh",
"{{template_dir}}/../_common/minimize.sh"
],
"type": "shell"
}
],
"variables": {
"box_basename": "centos8.3",
"build_directory": "../../builds",
"build_timestamp": "{{isotime \\"20210820114500\\"}}",
"cpus": "2",
"disk_size": "65536",
"git_revision": "__unknown_git_revision__",
"guest_additions_url": "",
"headless": "",
"http_directory": "{{template_dir}}/http",
"http_proxy": "{{env `http_proxy`}}",
"https_proxy": "{{env `https_proxy`}}",
"hyperv_generation": "1",
"hyperv_switch": "bento",
"iso_checksum": "aaf9d4b3071c16dbbda01dfe06085e5d0fdac76df323e3bbe87cce4318052247",
"iso_name": "CentOS-8.3.2011-x86_64-dvd1.iso",
"ks_path": "8/ks.cfg",
"memory": "2048",
"mirror": "",
"mirror_directory": "Volumes/DBA/voracle/bento/packer_templates/centos",
"name": "centos8.3",
"no_proxy": "{{env `no_proxy`}}",
"template": "centos-8.3-x86_64",
"boot_command": "<up><wait><tab> inst.text inst.ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/{{user `ks_path`}}<enter><wait>",
"version": "TIMESTAMP"
}
}
📢 注意：以下修改两个脚本，提前排坑。
修改 networking.sh 脚本
脚本位于 centos 中，../centos/scripts/networking.sh，由于无法访问 github ，因此 /etc/hosts 需要增加 github ip：
# modify by luciferliu for github raw.githubusercontent.com:443; Connection refused
echo '185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com' >>/etc/hosts;
echo '185.199.109.133 raw.githubusercontent.com' >>/etc/hosts;
echo '185.199.110.133 raw.githubusercontent.com' >>/etc/hosts;
echo '185.199.111.133 raw.githubusercontent.com' >>/etc/hosts;
echo '54.186.51.210 vault.centos.org' >>/etc/hosts;
echo '3.22.185.178 vault.centos.org' >>/etc/hosts;
echo '34.253.151.233 vault.centos.org' >>/etc/hosts;
ping raw.githubusercontent.com -c 5
ping vault.centos.org -c 5
修改 vagrant.sh 脚本
脚本位于 bento/packer_templates/_common 目录下，由于未关闭防火墙，443端口无法访问，因此一直报错，手动关闭防火墙：
pubkey_url="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hashicorp/vagrant/master/keys/vagrant.pub";
mkdir -p $HOME_DIR/.ssh;
# modify by luciferliu ,443 port is close, stop firewalld.service
RELS=$(cat /etc/system-release)
OS_VER_PRI=$(echo "${RELS#*release}" | awk '{print $1}' | cut -f 1 -d '.')
if [ "${OS_VER_PRI}" -eq 6 ]; then
service iptables stop
if command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
curl --insecure --location "$pubkey_url" > $HOME_DIR/.ssh/authorized_keys;
elif command -v fetch >/dev/null 2>&1; then
fetch -am -o $HOME_DIR/.ssh/authorized_keys "$pubkey_url";
elif command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
wget --no-check-certificate "$pubkey_url" -O $HOME_DIR/.ssh/authorized_keys;
else
echo "Cannot download vagrant public key";
exit 1;
fi
elif [ "${OS_VER_PRI}" -eq 7 ] || [ "${OS_VER_PRI}" -eq 8 ]; then
systemctl stop firewalld.service
if command -v wget >/dev/null 2>&1; then
wget --no-check-certificate "$pubkey_url" -O $HOME_DIR/.ssh/authorized_keys;
elif command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
curl --insecure --location "$pubkey_url" > $HOME_DIR/.ssh/authorized_keys;
elif command -v fetch >/dev/null 2>&1; then
fetch -am -o $HOME_DIR/.ssh/authorized_keys "$pubkey_url";
else
echo "Cannot download vagrant public key";
exit 1;
fi
fi
启动 packer 进行打包
packer build -only=virtualbox-iso centos83.json
显示如上，即已经打包成功，box 位置存放在：../../builds/centos8.3.virtualbox.box 。
上传 box 镜像
不做演示，比较简单。
box镜像下载地址：luciferliu/centos8.3
写在最后
为什么要打包 box 镜像盒子？ 以后可以使用 vagrant 直接初始化创建 linux 系统，不需要再一步步创建，为自动化奠定基础。
本次分享到此结束啦~
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