ubuntu18.04上安装anaconda-python深度学习环境

Posted 2021-09-07 tugouxp

Anaconda是一套Python的发行版，发行版集成了必要的库，使用户可以一次性完成安装.Anaconda是一个侧重于数据分析的发行版，一些有助于数据分析的库，比如Numpy,Matplotlib,SciPy等都包括于其中，下面介绍如何在ubuntu18.04上安装anaconda.

安装过程可能并不复杂，但是细节很多，下面开始技术流水帐:

1.下载安装包

访问anaconda官网的下载通道

https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual#Downloads

最新版是给小白鼠用的，我不想做小白鼠，所以选择往期版本：

https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/

 我们选择支持python3.5的anaconda.

Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh 	406.3M 	2016-07-08 11:20:02 	d0dc08d241f83ffc763504db50008e5b

下载后：

 增加可执行权限：

sudo chmod a+x Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

 2.安装：

执行sudo ./Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~/anaconda$ sudo ./Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh 

Welcome to Anaconda3 4.1.1 (by Continuum Analytics, Inc.)

In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>> 
================
Anaconda License
================

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Do you approve the license terms? [yes|no]
>>> 
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':
>>> 
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':
>>> yes

Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/czl/anaconda3

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

[/home/czl/anaconda3] >>> 
PREFIX=/home/czl/anaconda3
installing: python-3.5.2-0 ...
installing: _nb_ext_conf-0.2.0-py35_0 ...
installing: alabaster-0.7.8-py35_0 ...
installing: anaconda-client-1.4.0-py35_0 ...
installing: anaconda-navigator-1.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: argcomplete-1.0.0-py35_1 ...
installing: astropy-1.2.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: babel-2.3.3-py35_0 ...
installing: backports-1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: beautifulsoup4-4.4.1-py35_0 ...
installing: bitarray-0.8.1-py35_0 ...
installing: blaze-0.10.1-py35_0 ...
installing: bokeh-0.12.0-py35_0 ...
installing: boto-2.40.0-py35_0 ...
installing: bottleneck-1.1.0-np111py35_0 ...
installing: cffi-1.6.0-py35_0 ...
installing: chest-0.2.3-py35_0 ...
installing: click-6.6-py35_0 ...
installing: cloudpickle-0.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: clyent-1.2.2-py35_0 ...
installing: colorama-0.3.7-py35_0 ...
installing: configobj-5.0.6-py35_0 ...
installing: contextlib2-0.5.3-py35_0 ...
installing: cryptography-1.4-py35_0 ...
installing: curl-7.49.0-0 ...
installing: cycler-0.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: cython-0.24-py35_0 ...
installing: cytoolz-0.8.0-py35_0 ...
installing: dask-0.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: datashape-0.5.2-py35_0 ...
installing: decorator-4.0.10-py35_0 ...
installing: dill-0.2.5-py35_0 ...
installing: docutils-0.12-py35_2 ...
installing: dynd-python-0.7.2-py35_0 ...
installing: entrypoints-0.2.2-py35_0 ...
installing: et_xmlfile-1.0.1-py35_0 ...
installing: fastcache-1.0.2-py35_1 ...
installing: flask-0.11.1-py35_0 ...
installing: flask-cors-2.1.2-py35_0 ...
installing: fontconfig-2.11.1-6 ...
installing: freetype-2.5.5-1 ...
installing: get_terminal_size-1.0.0-py35_0 ...
installing: gevent-1.1.1-py35_0 ...
installing: greenlet-0.4.10-py35_0 ...
installing: h5py-2.6.0-np111py35_1 ...
installing: hdf5-1.8.16-0 ...
installing: heapdict-1.0.0-py35_1 ...
installing: idna-2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: imagesize-0.7.1-py35_0 ...
installing: ipykernel-4.3.1-py35_0 ...
installing: ipython-4.2.0-py35_0 ...
installing: ipython_genutils-0.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: ipywidgets-4.1.1-py35_0 ...
installing: itsdangerous-0.24-py35_0 ...
installing: jbig-2.1-0 ...
installing: jdcal-1.2-py35_1 ...
installing: jedi-0.9.0-py35_1 ...
installing: jinja2-2.8-py35_1 ...
installing: jpeg-8d-1 ...
installing: jsonschema-2.5.1-py35_0 ...
installing: jupyter-1.0.0-py35_3 ...
installing: jupyter_client-4.3.0-py35_0 ...
installing: jupyter_console-4.1.1-py35_0 ...
installing: jupyter_core-4.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: libdynd-0.7.2-0 ...
installing: libffi-3.2.1-0 ...
installing: libgfortran-3.0.0-1 ...
installing: libpng-1.6.22-0 ...
installing: libsodium-1.0.10-0 ...
installing: libtiff-4.0.6-2 ...
installing: libxml2-2.9.2-0 ...
installing: libxslt-1.1.28-0 ...
installing: llvmlite-0.11.0-py35_0 ...
installing: locket-0.2.0-py35_1 ...
installing: lxml-3.6.0-py35_0 ...
installing: markupsafe-0.23-py35_2 ...
installing: matplotlib-1.5.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: mistune-0.7.2-py35_0 ...
installing: mkl-11.3.3-0 ...
installing: mkl-service-1.1.2-py35_2 ...
installing: mpmath-0.19-py35_1 ...
installing: multipledispatch-0.4.8-py35_0 ...
installing: nb_anacondacloud-1.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: nb_conda-1.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: nb_conda_kernels-1.0.3-py35_0 ...
installing: nbconvert-4.2.0-py35_0 ...
installing: nbformat-4.0.1-py35_0 ...
installing: nbpresent-3.0.2-py35_0 ...
installing: networkx-1.11-py35_0 ...
installing: nltk-3.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: nose-1.3.7-py35_1 ...
installing: notebook-4.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: numba-0.26.0-np111py35_0 ...
installing: numexpr-2.6.0-np111py35_0 ...
installing: numpy-1.11.1-py35_0 ...
installing: odo-0.5.0-py35_1 ...
installing: openpyxl-2.3.2-py35_0 ...
installing: openssl-1.0.2h-1 ...
installing: pandas-0.18.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: partd-0.3.4-py35_0 ...
installing: patchelf-0.9-0 ...
installing: path.py-8.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: pathlib2-2.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: patsy-0.4.1-py35_0 ...
installing: pep8-1.7.0-py35_0 ...
installing: pexpect-4.0.1-py35_0 ...
installing: pickleshare-0.7.2-py35_0 ...
installing: pillow-3.2.0-py35_1 ...
installing: pip-8.1.2-py35_0 ...
installing: ply-3.8-py35_0 ...
installing: psutil-4.3.0-py35_0 ...
installing: ptyprocess-0.5.1-py35_0 ...
installing: py-1.4.31-py35_0 ...
installing: pyasn1-0.1.9-py35_0 ...
installing: pycosat-0.6.1-py35_1 ...
installing: pycparser-2.14-py35_1 ...
installing: pycrypto-2.6.1-py35_4 ...
installing: pycurl-7.43.0-py35_0 ...
installing: pyflakes-1.2.3-py35_0 ...
installing: pygments-2.1.3-py35_0 ...
installing: pyopenssl-0.16.0-py35_0 ...
installing: pyparsing-2.1.4-py35_0 ...
installing: pyqt-4.11.4-py35_3 ...
installing: pytables-3.2.2-np111py35_4 ...
installing: pytest-2.9.2-py35_0 ...
installing: python-dateutil-2.5.3-py35_0 ...
installing: pytz-2016.4-py35_0 ...
installing: pyyaml-3.11-py35_4 ...
installing: pyzmq-15.2.0-py35_1 ...
installing: qt-4.8.7-3 ...
installing: qtconsole-4.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: qtpy-1.0.2-py35_0 ...
installing: readline-6.2-2 ...
installing: redis-3.2.0-0 ...
installing: redis-py-2.10.5-py35_0 ...
installing: requests-2.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: rope-0.9.4-py35_1 ...
installing: ruamel_yaml-0.11.7-py35_0 ...
installing: scikit-image-0.12.3-np111py35_1 ...
installing: scikit-learn-0.17.1-np111py35_2 ...
installing: scipy-0.17.1-np111py35_1 ...
installing: setuptools-23.0.0-py35_0 ...
installing: simplegeneric-0.8.1-py35_1 ...
installing: singledispatch-3.4.0.3-py35_0 ...
installing: sip-4.16.9-py35_0 ...
installing: six-1.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: snowballstemmer-1.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: sockjs-tornado-1.0.3-py35_0 ...
installing: sphinx-1.4.1-py35_0 ...
installing: sphinx_rtd_theme-0.1.9-py35_0 ...
installing: spyder-2.3.9-py35_0 ...
installing: sqlalchemy-1.0.13-py35_0 ...
installing: sqlite-3.13.0-0 ...
installing: statsmodels-0.6.1-np111py35_1 ...
installing: sympy-1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: terminado-0.6-py35_0 ...
installing: tk-8.5.18-0 ...
installing: toolz-0.8.0-py35_0 ...
installing: tornado-4.3-py35_1 ...
installing: traitlets-4.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: unicodecsv-0.14.1-py35_0 ...
installing: werkzeug-0.11.10-py35_0 ...
installing: wheel-0.29.0-py35_0 ...
installing: xlrd-1.0.0-py35_0 ...
installing: xlsxwriter-0.9.2-py35_0 ...
installing: xlwt-1.1.2-py35_0 ...
installing: xz-5.2.2-0 ...
installing: yaml-0.1.6-0 ...
installing: zeromq-4.1.4-0 ...
installing: zlib-1.2.8-3 ...
installing: anaconda-4.1.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: conda-4.1.6-py35_0 ...
installing: conda-build-1.21.3-py35_0 ...
installing: conda-env-2.5.1-py35_0 ...
Python 3.5.2 :: Continuum Analytics, Inc.
creating default environment...
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location
to PATH in your /home/czl/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes

Prepending PATH=/home/czl/anaconda3/bin to PATH in /home/czl/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /home/czl/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak


For this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

Share your notebooks and packages on Anaconda Cloud!
Sign up for free: https://anaconda.org

czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~/anaconda$ 

根据安装LOG，可以看到，Numpy,Matplotlib,SciPy三个包都自动安装上了。

3.验证

安装结束后，重启系统，打开控制台，输入Python.可以看到系统的默认Python变成了anaconda，而不再是默认系统路径下的Python. 这可以解释为，既然anaconda是Python的一个发行版，类似于Ubuntu是Linux的一个发行版，所以必然存在其它的Python发行版，比如UBUNTU下通过APT 安装的 /usr/bin/python也算是一个发行版，所以，当系统Python从来源的实现变成anaconda之后，之前安装的包可能失效，需要在anaconda下重新安装或者配置。

 然后，我们打开anaconda-navigator这个应用

 打开后的界面如下：

 打开jupyter，它是一个基于WEB的网页编辑器，同时还具备本地资源管理器的作用。

qtconsole则是一个基于QT的Python命令行控制台程序：

 spyder就厉害了，它集程序编辑，调试，运行，仿真于一身，是开发人员接触最频繁的一个工具。

 下面我们就在spyder中运行一段程序，利用系统预先安装的数学库和绘图包，绘制一幅傅立叶变换的图像

 运行上图这段程序，我们有额外安装任何的Python包，这和UBUNTU原生的python环境手搓很多包，解决依赖的方式是很不同的，anaconda更加方便。

如何卸载?

安装好anaconda后，如果像升级版本，那原来的版本怎么卸载呢？

直接删即可 :

rm -fr ~/anaconda3

下面是卸载后重新安装Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

4.安装Tensorflow GPU版

安装命令：

pip install tensorflow-gpu

czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~$ pip install tensorflow-gpu
Collecting tensorflow-gpu
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/8b/dc/922125284fb70d5ac17a3c3be87d8f1d95908bb5067977e7813bf7b7f712/tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8b/dc/922125284fb70d5ac17a3c3be87d8f1d95908bb5067977e7813bf7b7f712/tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (377.0MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 377.0MB 4.7kB/s 
Collecting google-pasta>=0.1.6 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /simple/google-pasta/
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/de/c648ef6835192e6e2cc03f40b19eeda4382c49b5bafb43d88b931c4c74ac/google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 140kB/s 
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.10.0 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from tensorflow-gpu)
Collecting protobuf>=3.6.1 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/f1/728216338c64b3a06e6ad27d39ace5ea31c83dedc303a533700d8bf2aa8f/protobuf-3.17.3-cp35-cp35m-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.0MB 730kB/s 
Collecting grpcio>=1.8.6 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/ea/398472e896f529d23fb58e33f01298dfc554a341d58f87c1ea5ad817208e/grpcio-1.39.0.tar.gz (21.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 21.3MB 83kB/s 
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): wheel>=0.26 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from tensorflow-gpu)
Collecting termcolor>=1.1.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/48/a76be51647d0eb9f10e2a4511bf3ffb8cc1e6b14e9e4fab46173aa79f981/termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz
Collecting tensorflow-estimator<1.15.0rc0,>=1.14.0rc0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/d5/21860a5b11caf0678fbc8319341b0ae21a07156911132e0e71bffed0510d/tensorflow_estimator-1.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (488kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 72kB/s 
Collecting keras-preprocessing>=1.0.5 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/79/4c/7c3275a01e12ef9368a892926ab932b33bb13d55794881e3573482b378a7/Keras_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 7.5MB/s 
Collecting wrapt>=1.11.1 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/f7/e43cefbe88c5fd371f4cf0cf5eb3feccd07515af9fd6cf7dbf1d1793a797/wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz
Collecting gast>=0.2.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ad/b0/a6c8bc1e77409b63755bb0788ac4d497d31b72082de5945c0122259c533e/gast-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting tensorboard<1.15.0,>=1.14.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/91/2d/2ed263449a078cd9c8a9ba50ebd50123adf1f8cfbea1492f9084169b89d9/tensorboard-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (3.1MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.2MB 345kB/s 
Collecting absl-py>=0.7.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/23/47/835652c7e19530973c73c65e652fc53bd05725d5a7cf9bb8706777869c1e/absl_py-0.13.0-py3-none-any.whl (132kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 3.9MB/s 
Collecting numpy<2.0,>=1.14.5 (from tensorflow-gpu)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/be/650f9c091ef71cb01d735775d554e068752d3ff63d7943b26316dc401749/numpy-1.21.2.zip (10.3MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 10.3MB 163kB/s 
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-1swfqubc/numpy/setup.py", line 34, in <module>
        raise RuntimeError("Python version >= 3.7 required.")
    RuntimeError: Python version >= 3.7 required.
    
    ----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-1swfqubc/numpy/
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 21.2.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~$ 

失败！TF和CUDA以及anaconda的关系比较复杂，后面有空再研究.

---

结束！