利用Shell开发跳板机功能脚本案例

Posted 2020-09-09

范例17_6：：开发企业级Shell跳板机案例。要求用户登录到跳板机仅能执行管理员给定的选项动作，不允许以任何形式中断脚本到跳板机服务器上执行任何系统命令。

方法1：

1）首先做好SSH密钥验证（跳板机地址192.168.33.128）。

以下操作命令在所有机器上操作：

[[email protected] ~]# useradd jump  #<==要在所有机器上操作。

[[email protected] ~]# echo 123456|passwd --stdin jump  #<==要在所有机器上操作。

Changing password for user jump.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

以下操作命令仅在跳板机上操作：

[[email protected] ~]# su - jump

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P ‘‘ -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa >/dev/null 2>&1  #<==生成密钥对。

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub 192.168.33.130   #<==将公钥分发到其他服务器。

The authenticity of host ‘192.168.33.130 (192.168.33.130)‘ can‘t be established.

RSA key fingerprint is fd:2c:0b:81:b0:95:c3:33:c1:45:6a:1c:16:2f:b3:9a.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.33.130‘ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]‘s password:

Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh ‘192.168.33.130‘", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven‘t added extra keys that you weren‘t expecting.

[[email protected] ~]$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub 192.168.33.129  #<==将公钥分发到其他服务器。

The authenticity of host ‘192.168.33.129 (192.168.33.129)‘ can‘t be established.

RSA key fingerprint is fd:2c:0b:81:b0:95:c3:33:c1:45:6a:1c:16:2f:b3:9a.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.33.129‘ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]‘s password:

Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh ‘192.168.33.129‘", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven‘t added extra keys that you weren‘t expecting.

2）实现传统的远程连接菜单选择脚本。

菜单脚本如下：

                cat <<menu

                  1)oldboy-192.168.33.129

                  2)oldgirl-192.168.33.130

                  3)exit

menu

3）利用linux信号防止用户中断信号在跳板机上操作。

function trapper () {

        trap ‘:‘ INT  EXIT TSTP TERM HUP  #<==屏蔽这些信号。

}

4）用户登录跳板机后即调用脚本（不能命令行管理跳板机），并只能按管理员的要求选单。

以下为实战内容。

脚本放在跳板机上：

[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘[ $UID -ne 0 ] && . /server/scripts/jump.sh‘ >/etc/profile.d/jump.sh   

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/jump.sh

[ $UID -ne 0 ] && . /server/scripts/jump.sh

 

[[email protected] scripts]# cat /server/scripts/jump.sh

#!/bin/sh

#oldboy training

trapper() {

    trap ‘:‘ INT  EXIT TSTP TERM HUP  #<==定义需要屏蔽的信号，冒号表示啥都不做。

}

main(){

while :

do

      trapper

      clear

      cat <<menu

       1)Web01-192.168.33.129

       2)Web02-192.168.33.130

menu

read -p "Pls input a num.:" num

case "$num" in

    1)

        echo ‘login in 192.168.33.129.‘

        ssh 192.168.33.129

        ;;

    2)

        echo ‘login in 192.168.33.130.‘

        ssh 192.168.33.130

        ;;

    110)

        read -p "your birthday:" char

        if [ "$char" = "0926" ];then

          exit

          sleep 3

        fi

        ;;

    *)

        echo "select error."

        esac

done

}

main

执行效果如下：

[[email protected] ~]# su - jump  #<==切到普通用户即弹出菜单，工作中直接用jump登录，即弹出菜单。

     1)Web01-192.168.33.129

     2)Web02-192.168.33.130

Pls input a num.:

     1)Web01-192.168.33.129

     2)Web02-192.168.33.130

Pls input a num.:1  #<==选1进入Web01服务器。

login in 192.168.33.129.

Last login: Tue Oct 11 17:23:52 2016 from 192.168.33.128

[[email protected] ~]$  #<==按ctrl+d退出到跳板机服务器再次弹出菜单。

     1)Web01-192.168.33.129

     2)Web02-192.168.33.130

Pls input a num.:2     #<==选2进入Web02服务器。

login in 192.168.33.130.

Last login: Wed Oct 12 23:30:14 2016 from 192.168.33.128

[[email protected] ~]$   #<==按ctrl+d退出到跳板机服务器再次弹出菜单。

     1)Web01-192.168.33.129

     2)Web02-192.168.33.130

Pls input a num.:110    #<==选110进入跳板机命令提示符。

your birthday:0926      #<==需要输入特别码才能进入的，这里管理员通道，密码要保密呦。

[[email protected] scripts]#  #<==跳板机管理命令行。

本文内容来源于：《跟老男孩学linux运维：Shell高级编程实战》

老男孩教育官网：www.oldboyedu.com

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