手把手教你怎么导入Go语言第三方库

Posted 2021-09-02 ReganYue

手把手教你怎么导入Go语言第三方库

一、使用 go get获取

GO的命令go get让我们可以方便快捷的从网络中下载或更新Go语言包及其依赖文件，并将他们编译和安装。

1. 先在命令行模式下输入go --help,可查看以下信息。

Go is a tool for managing Go source code.

Usage:

        go <command> [arguments]

The commands are:

        bug         start a bug report
        build       compile packages and dependencies
        clean       remove object files and cached files
        doc         show documentation for package or symbol
        env         print Go environment information
        fix         update packages to use new APIs
        fmt         gofmt (reformat) package sources
        generate    generate Go files by processing source
        get         add dependencies to current module and install them
        install     compile and install packages and dependencies
        list        list packages or modules
        mod         module maintenance
        run         compile and run Go program
        test        test packages
        tool        run specified go tool
        version     print Go version
        vet         report likely mistakes in packages

Use "go help <command>" for more information about a command.

Additional help topics:

        buildconstraint build constraints
        buildmode       build modes
        c               calling between Go and C
        cache           build and test caching
        environment     environment variables
        filetype        file types
        go.mod          the go.mod file
        gopath          GOPATH environment variable
        gopath-get      legacy GOPATH go get
        goproxy         module proxy protocol
        importpath      import path syntax
        modules         modules, module versions, and more
        module-get      module-aware go get
        module-auth     module authentication using go.sum
        module-private  module configuration for non-public modules
        packages        package lists and patterns
        testflag        testing flags
        testfunc        testing functions

Use "go help <topic>" for more information about that topic.

我们可以看到get add dependencies to current module and install them

这就是我们今天要用到的东西。

然后查看它的帮助信息：go get --help

usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-t] [-u] [-v] [-fix] [-insecure] [build flags] [packages]
Run 'go help get' for details.

找到我们要获取的库。

复制链接https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

使用go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

结果报错：

go: missing Git command. See https://golang.org/s/gogetcmd
package github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql: exec: "git": executable file not found in %PATH%

这里要安装Git，博主是安装了Git的，不过这里需要配置一下。

在系统变量的PATH里面添加Git的bin目录的路径。

然后再运行go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

现在就成功了。

这个github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql被称为远程导入路径，其实go get被称为远程动态导入GO包。其实go get干的事就是从分布式版本控制系统的仓库中找出代码包并将它编译以及安装。

仓库名	VCS	VCS	VCS
BitBucket	Mercurial	Git
GitHub	Git
Google Code Project Hosting	Git	Mercurial	Subversion
Launchpad	Bazaar

一般情况下，代码包远程导入路径中的第一个元素就是代码托管网站的主域名。在静态分析的时候，go get命令会将代码包远程导入路径与预置的代码托管站点的主域名进行匹配。如果匹配成功，则在对代码包远程导入路径的初步检查后返回正常的返回值或错误信息。如果匹配不成功，则会再对代码包远程导入路径进行动态分析。

二、直接下载GO库

在 github 或者其他地方下载Go库。

然后在系统变量查看GOPATH。

然后打开GOPATH的src目录

将文件复制进去。

然后就成功获取了。

三、参数介绍

usage: go get [-d] [-f] [-t] [-u] [-v] [-fix] [-insecure] [build flags] [packages]
Run 'go help get' for details.

然后我们可以看一看go help get里有关参数的介绍。

The -d flag instructs get to stop after downloading the packages; that is,
it instructs get not to install the packages.

The -f flag, valid only when -u is set, forces get -u not to verify that
each package has been checked out from the source control repository
implied by its import path. This can be useful if the source is a local fork
of the original.

The -fix flag instructs get to run the fix tool on the downloaded packages
before resolving dependencies or building the code.

The -insecure flag permits fetching from repositories and resolving
custom domains using insecure schemes such as HTTP. Use with caution.

The -t flag instructs get to also download the packages required to build
the tests for the specified packages.

The -u flag instructs get to use the network to update the named packages
and their dependencies. By default, get uses the network to check out
missing packages but does not use it to look for updates to existing packages.

The -v flag enables verbose progress and debug output.

简单来说就是：

• -d 下载完成后就停止工作，不安装库
• -f 这个参数只有在使用了-u 参数时才有用，强制-u不去验证import的每一个包是否已经获取了，这对本地fork的包非常有用。
• -fix 这个-fix参数表示在解决依赖关系或构建代码之前先运行fix工具。
• -insecure 该参数允许通过不安全（例如 HTTP）的自定义域获取并解析使用存储库。
• -t 该参数允许在下载该包时也下载测试该包需要的包。
• -u 参数允许 get 使用网络来更新包
  以及它们的依赖。默认情况下，get 使用网络检查丢失的包，但不使用它来查找现有包的更新。
• -v 启用详细进度和调试信息输出。