rpmbuild 底层原理

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Preparing to build RPMs

The main tasks in building RPMs are:

  • Planning what you want to build

    • 应用软件
    • 二进制程序、程序库
    • 一堆系统配置文件
    • 文档包
    • 创建一个二进制RPM或者是一个src.rpm包
      • tar.gz，spec
      • 手动去编译

  • Gathering the software to package

  • Patching the software as needed

  • Creating a reproducible build of the software

  • Planning for upgrades

  • Outlining any dependencies（Spec文件）

  • Building the RPMs

    • Set up the directory structure(禁止使用root用户)

      • BUILD 源代码解压后放的位置，只需要提供这个目录
      • RPMS 制作完成后的rpm包存放目录，里面还有子目录i386，交叉编译，noarch没有平台限制
      • SOURCES 原材料，tar.gz、补丁、配置文件
      • SPECS 存放spec文件，nginx.spec
      • SRPMS src格式的rpm包，src.rpm官方提供
      yum install rpm-build

      [root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# rpmbuild --help
Usage: rpmbuild [OPTION...]

Build options with [ <specfile> | <tarball> | <source package> ]:
      -bp                        build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <specfile>
      -bc                        build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <specfile>
      -bi                        build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <specfile>
      -bl                        verify %files section from <specfile>
      -ba                        build source and binary packages from <specfile>
      -bb                        build binary package only from <specfile>
      -bs                        build source package only from <specfile>
      -rp                        build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <source
                                 package>
      -rc                        build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <source package>
      -ri                        build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <source package>
      -rl                        verify %files section from <source package>
      -ra                        build source and binary packages from <source package>
      -rb                        build binary package only from <source package>
      -rs                        build source package only from <source package>
      -tp                        build through %prep (unpack sources and apply patches) from <tarball>
      -tc                        build through %build (%prep, then compile) from <tarball>
      -ti                        build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <tarball>
      -ta                        build source and binary packages from <tarball>
      -tb                        build binary package only from <tarball>
      -ts                        build source package only from <tarball>
      --rebuild                  build binary package from <source package>
      --recompile                build through %install (%prep, %build, then install) from <source package>
      --buildroot=DIRECTORY      override build root
      --build-in-place           run build in current directory
      --clean                    remove build tree when done
      --nobuild                  do not execute any stages of the build
      --nodeps                   do not verify build dependencies
      --nodirtokens              generate package header(s) compatible with (legacy) rpm v3 packaging
      --noclean                  do not execute %clean stage of the build
      --noprep                   do not execute %prep stage of the build
      --nocheck                  do not execute %check stage of the build
      --rmsource                 remove sources when done
      --rmspec                   remove specfile when done
      --short-circuit            skip straight to specified stage (only for c,i)
      --target=CPU-VENDOR-OS     override target platform

Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
  -D, --define='MACRO EXPR'      define MACRO with value EXPR
      --undefine=MACRO           undefine MACRO
  -E, --eval='EXPR'              print macro expansion of EXPR
      --target=CPU-VENDOR-OS     Specify target platform
      --macros=<FILE:...>        read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
      --noplugins                don't enable any plugins
      --nodigest                 don't verify package digest(s)
      --nosignature              don't verify package signature(s)
      --rcfile=<FILE:...>        read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
  -r, --root=ROOT                use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/")
      --dbpath=DIRECTORY         use database in DIRECTORY
      --querytags                display known query tags
      --showrc                   display final rpmrc and macro configuration
      --quiet                    provide less detailed output
  -v, --verbose                  provide more detailed output
      --version                  print the version of rpm being used

Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
      --with=<option>            enable configure <option> for build
      --without=<option>         disable configure <option> for build
      --buildpolicy=<policy>     set buildroot <policy> (e.g. compress man pages)
      --sign                     generate GPG signature (deprecated, use command rpmsign instead)
      --nodebuginfo              do not generate debuginfo for this package

Help options:
  -?, --help                     Show this help message
      --usage                    Display brief usage message
[root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]#

      rpm宏查看 rpmbuild --showrc

      [root@oe-20-03-LTS ~]# rpmbuild --showrc
ARCHITECTURE AND OS:
build arch            : aarch64
compatible build archs: aarch64 noarch
build os              : Linux
compatible build os's : Linux
install arch          : aarch64
install os            : Linux
compatible archs      : aarch64 aarch64_ilp32 noarch
compatible os's       : Linux

RPMRC VALUES:
archcolor             : 2
optflags              : -O2 -g

Features supported by rpmlib:
    rpmlib(BuiltinLuaScripts) = 4.2.2-1
    rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) = 3.0.4-1
    rpmlib(ConcurrentAccess) = 4.1-1
    rpmlib(ExplicitPackageProvide) = 4.0-1
    rpmlib(FileCaps) = 4.6.1-1
    rpmlib(FileDigests) = 4.6.0-1
    rpmlib(HeaderLoadSortsTags) = 4.0.1-1
    rpmlib(LargeFiles) = 4.12.0-1
    rpmlib(PartialHardlinkSets) = 4.0.4-1
    rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) = 4.0-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsBzip2) = 3.0.5-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsLzma) = 4.4.2-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) = 5.2-1
    rpmlib(PayloadIsZstd) = 5.4.18-1
    rpmlib(RichDependencies) = 4.12.0-1
    rpmlib(ScriptletExpansion) = 4.9.0-1
    rpmlib(ScriptletInterpreterArgs) = 4.0.3-1
    rpmlib(TildeInVersions) = 4.10.0-1
    rpmlib(VersionedDependencies) = 3.0.3-1

Macro path: /usr/lib/rpm/macros:/usr/lib/rpm/macros.d/macros.*:/usr/lib/rpm/platform/%{_target}/macros:/usr/l                                                           ib/rpm/fileattrs/*.attr:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros:/etc/rpm/macros.*:/etc/rpm/macros:/etc/rpm/%{_target}/macr                                                           os:~/.rpmmacros

========================
-13: __7zip     /usr/bin/7za
-13: ___build_args      -e
-13: ___build_cmd       %{?_sudo:%{_sudo} }%{?_remsh:%{_remsh} %{_remhost} }%{?_remsudo:%{_remsudo} }%{?_remc                                                           hroot:%{_remchroot} %{_remroot} }%{___build_shell} %{___build_args}
-13: ___build_post      exit $?
-13: ___build_pre
  RPM_SOURCE_DIR="%{u2p:%{_sourcedir}}"
  RPM_BUILD_DIR="%{u2p:%{_builddir}}"
  RPM_OPT_FLAGS="%{optflags}"
  RPM_LD_FLAGS="%{?__global_ldflags}"
  RPM_ARCH="%{_arch}"
  RPM_OS="%{_os}"
  export RPM_SOURCE_DIR RPM_BUILD_DIR RPM_OPT_FLAGS RPM_LD_FLAGS RPM_ARCH RPM_OS
  RPM_DOC_DIR="%{_docdir}"
  export RPM_DOC_DIR
  RPM_PACKAGE_NAME="%{NAME}"
  RPM_PACKAGE_VERSION="%{VERSION}"
  RPM_PACKAGE_RELEASE="%{RELEASE}"
  export RPM_PACKAGE_NAME RPM_PACKAGE_VERSION RPM_PACKAGE_RELEASE
  LANG=C
  export LANG
  unset CDPATH DISPLAY ||:
  %{?buildroot:RPM_BUILD_ROOT="%{u2p:%{buildroot}}"
  export RPM_BUILD_ROOT}
  %{?_javaclasspath:CLASSPATH="%{_javaclasspath}"
  export CLASSPATH}
  PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${PKG_CONFIG_PATH}:%{_libdir}/pkgconfig:%{_datadir}/pkgconfig"
  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  CONFIG_SITE=${CONFIG_SITE:-NONE}
  export CONFIG_SITE

  %{verbose:set -x}%{!verbose:exec > /dev/null}
  umask 022
  cd "%{u2p:%{_builddir}}"
-13: ___build_shell     %{?_buildshell:%{_buildshell}}%{!?_buildshell:/bin/sh}
-13: ___build_template  #!%{___build_shell}
%{___build_pre}
%{nil}
-13: __aclocal  aclocal
-13: __ar       ar
-13: __arch_install_post        %{nil}
-13: __as       as
-13: __autoconf autoconf
-13: __autoheader       autoheader
-13: __automake automake
-13: __awk      gawk
-13: __brp_boot_efi_times       /usr/lib/rpm/brp-boot-efi-times
-13: __brp_compress     %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-compress
-13: __brp_java_gcjcompile      %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-java-bytecompile
-13: __brp_python_bytecompile   %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-python-bytecompile "" "%{?_python_bytecompile_errors_ter                                                           minate_build}" "%{?_python_bytecompile_extra}"
-13: __brp_strip        %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip %{__strip}
-13: __brp_strip_comment_note   %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip-comment-note %{__strip} %{__objdump}
-13: __brp_strip_shared %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip-shared
-13: __brp_strip_static_archive %{_rpmconfigdir}/brp-strip-static-archive %{__strip}
-13: __bzip2    /usr/bin/bzip2
-13: __bzr      /usr/bin/bzr
-13: __cat      /usr/bin/cat
-13: __cc       gcc
-13: __check_files      %{_rpmconfigdir}/check-files %{buildroot}
-13: __chgrp    /usr/bin/chgrp
-13: __chmod    /usr/bin/chmod
-13: __chown    /usr/bin/chown
-13: __cmake    /usr/bin/cmake
-13: __cmake_path       ^(%{_libdir}|%{_datadir})/cmake/.*/.*(Config.cmake|-config.cmake)$
-13: __cmake_provides   %{_rpmconfigdir}/cmake.prov
-13: __cmake_requires   %{_rpmconfigdir}/cmake.req
-13: __cp       /usr/bin/cp
-13: __cpio     /usr/bin/cpio
-13: __cpp      gcc -E
-13: __cxx      g++

      vi .rpmmacros

      %{_top_dir} /…

      mkdir -pv rpmbuild/{BUILD,BUILDROOT,RPMS,SOURCES,SPECS,SRPMS}

      rpmbuild --showrc | grep _topdir

    • Place the sources in the right directory

    • Create a spec file that tells the rpmbuild command what to do

      .spec格式文件

      rpm -qi httpd

      rrdtool

      introduction section

      • Summary:

      • Name: 名字

      • Version: 版本2.4.2，不能使用横线

      • Release: 1%{?dist} 宏，制作者，rpm发型号

      • License: GPLv2，版权信息，正确版权信息

      • Group: 属于哪个组，事先定义好的，/usr/share/doc/rpm-4.4.2.3/GROUPS

      • URL: 制作者，从哪可以下载到，获取到，源码包下载路径

      • Packager: 制作者，制作者邮件地址

      • Vendor: 提供者，公司，开发者

      • Source: 下载链接找到这个软件包，绝对不是去下载

      • BuildRoot:

        • SOURCES目录源码包

        • .spec写好文件

        • BUILD目录

        • BUILDROOT目录当做根来用，编译好的程序安装到这个目录

          %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-%{release}-root

      • BuildRequires: 制作过程依赖哪些软件包

        用于定义依赖关系的，制作过程依赖哪些软件安装包的

      • %description: 描述信息

        多个自然段空行隔开

      prep section 准备阶段 （不可少）

      • %prep
      • %setup自己解压缩

      build section

      • %build
      • %{__make} %{?__smp_mflags}

      install section 安装阶段（不可少）

      • %install

        %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}

        %{__make} install DESTDIR="%{buildroot}"

        %find_lang %{name}

      clean section

      • %clean
      • %{__rm} -rf %{buildroot}

      脚本段：

      httpd

      %pre

      %post

      %preun

      %postun

      files section 文件段（files段 列出的文件必须要一一对应BUILDROOT目录下的每一个文件，不能多也不能少）

      %files -f %{name}.lang
%defattr(-, root, root, 0755)
%doc API CHANGES COPYING CREDITS README axelrc.example
%doc %{_mandir}/main/axel.l*
%doc %{_mandir}/*/main/axel.l*
%config %{_sysconfdir}/axelrc
/usr/local/bin/axel
%attr(0755, root, root) /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

      change log section 日志段，修改日志，改变日志段

      %changelog
* Wed Apr 11 2012 xxx.com <1@admin.com> - 1.0.14-1
- 注释 Initial version

    • Build the source and binary RPMs

      rpmbuild command

      -bp 执行到 %prep

      -bi 执行到 %install

      -bc 执行到 %build

      -bb 执行到 制作二进制格式的rpm包

      -bs 执行到 制作源码格式的rpm包

      -ba 执行到 all，二进制格式的、源码格式的都制作

      -bl 执行到 制作完成后，检测哪些文件在BUILDROOT目录下存在安装生成，但是却在制作rpm过程中在files段中没有给它包含到rpm包中，会帮忙检查报错，安装了却没包含rpm包会报错，包含进rpm包却没安装生成也会报错，双方必须要一一对应。

  • Testing the RPMs

rpmbuild -bp nginx.spec
如果报缺少依赖关系，yum给它装上

执行build阶段
rpmbuild -bc nginx.spec

执行install安装阶段
rpmbuild -bi nginx.spec
安装报错，没有文件，自己建立没有文件

制作所有包
执行build all安装阶段
rpmbuild -ba nginx.spec
到RPMS目录

每一个RPM包都有一种capability能力

自身名字、提供的文件

编译依赖、安装依赖

如果有src.rpm包，直接 rpmbuild --rebuild 去制作，不用root用户

展开src.rpm包

rpm2cpio nginx-1.0.14-3.src.rpm | cpio -id

寻找rpm包的两个常用站点

rpmfind.net

rpmpone.com

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ai4y1N7gp?p=2

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