linux-裁剪Linux功能,编译/bin/login, busybox编译linux
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linux功能：终端提示信息
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8 (Tikanga)
Kernel \r on an \m
[[email protected] ~]# uname -r
2.6.18-308.el5
[[email protected] ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[[email protected] ~]#
linux功能：用户
nsswitch: Network Service Switch （网络服务转换）
框架：/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
库：libnss_file.so, libnss_nis.so, libnsss_ldap.so
配置文件: /etc/nsswitch.conf
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# An example Name Service Switch config file. This file should be
# sorted with the most-used services at the beginning.
#
# The entry ‘[NOTFOUND=return]‘ means that the search for an
# entry should stop if the search in the previous entry turned
# up nothing. Note that if the search failed due to some other reason
# (like no NIS server responding) then the search continues with the
# next entry.
#
# Legal entries are:
#
# nisplus or nis+ Use NIS+ (NIS version 3)
# nis or yp Use NIS (NIS version 2), also called YP
# dns Use DNS (Domain Name Service)
# files Use the local files
# db Use the local database (.db) files
# compat Use NIS on compat mode
# hesiod Use Hesiod for user lookups
# [NOTFOUND=return] Stop searching if not found so far
#
# To use db, put the "db" in front of "files" for entries you want to be
# looked up first in the databases
#
# Example:
#passwd: db files nisplus nis
#shadow: db files nisplus nis
#group: db files nisplus nis
passwd: files
shadow: files
group: files
#hosts: db files nisplus nis dns
hosts: files dns
# Example - obey only what nisplus tells us...
#services: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
#networks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
#protocols: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
#rpc: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
#ethers: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
#netmasks: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
bootparams: nisplus [NOTFOUND=return] files
ethers: files
netmasks: files
networks: files
protocols: files
rpc: files
services: files
netgroup: nisplus
publickey: nisplus
automount: files nisplus
aliases: files nisplus
sudoers: files ldap
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
2 # that require network functionality will fail.
3 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
4 ::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
~
~
[[email protected] ~]# ll /lib/libnss* （库文件）
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36416 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libnss_compat-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Mar 13 10:30 /lib/libnss_compat.so.2 -> libnss_compat-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 825028 Apr 8 2010 /lib/libnss_db-2.2.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Mar 13 10:31 /lib/libnss_db.so.2 -> libnss_db-2.2.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 21948 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libnss_dns-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Mar 13 10:30 /lib/libnss_dns.so.2 -> libnss_dns-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 50848 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libnss_files-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 13 10:30 /lib/libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 22764 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libnss_hesiod-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Mar 13 10:30 /lib/libnss_hesiod.so.2 -> libnss_hesiod-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3208576 Dec 4 2011 /lib/libnss_ldap-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Mar 13 10:31 /lib/libnss_ldap.so.2 -> libnss_ldap-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 46568 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libnss_nis-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 55804 Jan 19 2012 /lib/libnss_nisplus-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 13 10:30 /lib/libnss_nisplus.so.2 -> libnss_nisplus-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Mar 13 10:30 /lib/libnss_nis.so.2 -> libnss_nis-2.5.so
[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/lib/libnss*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1205444 Jan 13 2012 /usr/lib/libnss3.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 435184 Jan 13 2012 /usr/lib/libnssckbi.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Mar 13 10:31 /usr/lib/libnss_db.so -> ../../lib/libnss_db.so.2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 Mar 13 10:31 /usr/lib/libnss_ldap.so -> ../../lib/libnss_ldap.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 102788 Jan 13 2012 /usr/lib/libnssutil3.so
[[email protected] ~]#
移植库文件
[[email protected] ~]# cp -d /lib64/libnss_files* /mnt/sysroot/lib64/
[[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/sysroot/lib64/
ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libblkid.so.1 libdl.so.2 libnss_files.so.2 librt.so.1 libtermcap.so.2
libacl.so.1 libc.so.6 libm.so.6 libpthread.so.0 libselinux.so.1 libuuid.so.1
libattr.so.1 libdevmapper.so.1.02 libnss_files-2.5.so libresolv.so.2 libsepol.so.1 modules
[[email protected] ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot/lib64/
total 3444
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 144776 Mar 19 07:20 ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27920 Mar 19 07:20 libacl.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18176 Mar 19 07:20 libattr.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43808 Mar 19 07:20 libblkid.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1722328 Mar 19 07:20 libc.so.6
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 154640 Mar 19 07:20 libdevmapper.so.1.02
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23360 Mar 19 07:20 libdl.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 615136 Mar 19 07:20 libm.so.6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53880 Mar 19 07:43 libnss_files-2.5.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 19 07:43 libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.5.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 145872 Mar 19 07:20 libpthread.so.0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92816 Mar 19 07:20 libresolv.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 53448 Mar 19 07:20 librt.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95464 Mar 19 07:20 libselinux.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 247496 Mar 19 07:20 libsepol.so.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15840 Mar 19 07:20 libtermcap.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 17936 Mar 19 07:20 libuuid.so.1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Mar 19 07:20 modules
[[email protected] ~]# ls /mnt/sysroot/usr/
bin lib64 local sbin
[[email protected] ~]# cp -d /usr/lib64/libnss_files.so /mnt/sysroot/usr/lib64/
[[email protected] ~]# cp -d /usr/lib64/libnss3.so /mnt/sysroot/usr/lib64/
[[email protected] ~]# cp -d /usr/lib64/libnssutil3.so /mnt/sysroot/usr/lib64/
[[email protected] ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot/usr/lib64/
total 1716
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 380464 Mar 19 07:20 libncurses.so.5
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1237944 Mar 19 07:44 libnss3.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Mar 19 07:44 libnss_files.so -> ../../lib64/libnss_files.so.2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 123152 Mar 19 07:44 libnssutil3.so
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# cat /mnt/sysroot/etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
shadow: files
group: files
#hosts: db files nisplus nis dns
hosts: files dns
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "^root|hadoop" /etc/shadow
root:$1$TjFLtg.N$BtOWZtw9.UBGwxTE07PK81:17238:0:99999:7:::
hadoop:$1$zYoVuMh.$ySUuGs9FGRe1UFdaxWQ8B.:17244:0:99999:7:::
[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "^root|hadoop" /etc/shadow > /mnt/sysroot/shadow
[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "^root|hadoop" /etc/shadow > /mnt/sysroot/etc/shadow
[[email protected] ~]# grep -E "^root|hadoop" /etc/group > /mnt/sysroot/etc/group
[[email protected] ~]# ll /mnt/sysroot/etc/
total 18
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 125 Mar 19 07:20 fstab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28 Mar 19 07:53 group
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 239 Mar 19 07:20 inittab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74 Mar 19 07:30 issue
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 113 Mar 19 07:47 nsswitch.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73 Mar 19 07:52 passwd
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 1024 Mar 19 07:20 rc.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 Mar 19 07:53 shadow
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Mar 19 07:20 sysconfig
[[email protected] ~]#
添加
[[email protected] ~]# bash copylib.sh
Your command: mingetty
copy /sbin/mingetty finished.
Continue: passwd
copy lib /usr/lib64/libuser.so.1 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libgobject-2.0.so.0 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libglib-2.0.so.0 finished.
copy lib /usr/lib64/libpopt.so.0 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libpam_misc.so.0 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libaudit.so.0 finished.
copy lib /lib64/libpam.so.0 finished.
copy /usr/bin/passwd finished.
Continue: useradd
copy /usr/sbin/useradd finished.
Continue: userdel
copy /usr/sbin/userdel finished.
Continue: usermod
copy /usr/sbin/usermod finished.
Continue: groupadd
copy /usr/sbin/groupadd finished.
Continue:
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -n -l /bin/bash 38400 tty1
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -n -l /bin/bash 38400 tty2
[[email protected] sysroot]#
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2
[[email protected] sysroot]#
编译/bin/login程序，不需要密码认证
http://www.cnblogs.com/xianyunhe/archive/2011/08/08/2124342.html
(1) 查看/bin/login所属的软件包
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qf /bin/login
util-linux-2.13-0.47.el5
(2)下载login对应的源码
util-linux-2.13-0.47.e15.src.rpm
(3)解压源码包
[[email protected] Desktop]# rpm -ivh util-linux-2.13-0.47.e15.src.rp
解压后的源码包所在的目录为： /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/
查看解压的文件：
[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/
floppy-0.12-locale.patch util-linux-2.13-blockdev-rmparts.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-comment.patch
floppy-0.12.tar.gz util-linux-2.13-cal-3.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-context.patch
nologin.8 util-linux-2.13-cal-wide.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-fake.patch
nologin.c util-linux-2.13-cramfs-maxentries.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-fsname.patch
raw-handle-nonpresent-devs.patch util-linux-2.13-cramfs-zerofiles.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-man-bind.patch
util-linux-2.11f-rawman.patch util-linux-2.13-ctrlaltdel-man.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-man-bugs.patch
util-linux-2.11y-chsh-103004.patch util-linux-2.13-ctty3.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-man-ext.patch
util-linux-2.11y-fdisksegv-103954.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-1TB.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-man-nfs4.patch
util-linux-2.11y-multibyte.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-b-4096.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-man-nfs.patch
util-linux-2.11y-procpartitions-37436.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-dm.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-man-vfat.patch
util-linux-2.11y-skipraid2.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-dos.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-move.patch
util-linux-2.12a-126572-fdiskman.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-gpt.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-mtabfake.patch
util-linux-2.12a-16415-rdevman.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-isfull.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-mtab.patch
util-linux-2.12a-ipcs-84243-86285.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-limit.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-nonfs.patch
util-linux-2.12a-mountbylabel-dm.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-man.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-setuid.patch
util-linux-2.12a-mount-man-cifs.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-sectors.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-sloppy.patch
util-linux-2.12a-pamsession.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-sleep.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-subtree.patch
util-linux-2.12a-pamstart.patch util-linux-2.13-fdisk-vmware.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-twiceloop.patch
util-linux-2.12a-partlimit.patch util-linux-2.13-flock-segfaults.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-uhelper.patch
util-linux-2.12a-raw-man-dd.patch util-linux-2.13-fsfreeze.patch util-linux-2.13-mount-uuid.patch
util-linux-2.12j-113790-hotkeys.patch util-linux-2.13-fstab-man.patch util-linux-2.13-partx-man.patch
util-linux-2.12j-managed.patch util-linux-2.13-hexdump-gcc.patch util-linux-2.13-pre7.tar.bz2
util-linux-2.12j-pamconsole.patch util-linux-2.13-ipcs-32bit.patch util-linux-2.13-raw-raw0.patch
util-linux-2.12p-cal-wide.patch util-linux-2.13-ipcs-rc.patch util-linux-2.13-rnetdev.patch
util-linux-2.12p-col-EILSEQ.patch util-linux-2.13-ipcs-shmax.patch util-linux-2.13-schedutils-man.patch
util-linux-2.12p-execl.patch util-linux-2.13-localedir.patch util-linux-2.13-schedutils-SCHED_BATCH.patch
util-linux-2.12p-fdformat-ide.patch util-linux-2.13-login-hang.patch util-linux-2.13-script-races.patch
util-linux-2.12p-floppy-generic.patch util-linux-2.13-login-hush.patch util-linux-2.13-script-utempter.patch
util-linux-2.12p-fstab-man.patch util-linux-2.13-login-ipv6.patch util-linux-2.13-sfdisk-geo.patch
util-linux-2.12p-ipcs-typo.patch util-linux-2.13-login-man-userswitch.patch util-linux-2.13-sfdisk-sectors.patch
util-linux-2.12p-login-lastlog.patch util-linux-2.13-login-pam-acct.patch util-linux-2.13-sfdisk-write.patch
util-linux-2.12p-look-separator.patch util-linux-2.13-login-timeval.patch util-linux-2.13-swapon-ignore.patch
util-linux-2.12p-lvm2dupes-76467.patch util-linux-2.13-login-utmp.patch util-linux-2.13-swapon-suspend.patch
util-linux-2.12p-mount-ocfs2.patch util-linux-2.13-losetup-all.patch util-linux-2.13-swap-page.patch
util-linux-2.12p-mtab-lock.patch util-linux-2.13-losetup-deprecated.patch util-linux-2.13-umount-sysfs.patch
util-linux-2.12p-swaponsymlink-57300.patch util-linux-2.13-losetup-rdonly.patch util-linux-60-raw.rules
util-linux-2.12p-vipw-perm.patch util-linux-2.13-mkfs-man.patch util-linux-chsh-chfn.pamd
util-linux-2.13-arch.patch util-linux-2.13-mkswap-mounted.patch util-linux-login.pamd
util-linux-2.13-audit-hwclock.patch util-linux-2.13-mkswap-selinux.patch util-linux-remote.pamd
util-linux-2.13-audit-login.patch util-linux-2.13-mkswap-v0.patch
util-linux-2.13-blockdev-man.patch util-linux-2.13-moretc.patch
[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/util-linux-2.13*tar*
util-linux-2.13-pre7.tar.bz2
继续解压文件
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf /usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/util-linux-2.13-pre7.tar.bz2
解压后的文件夹为util-linux-2.13-pre7。
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg fuse-libs-2.7.4-8_12.el5.x86_64.rpm reload.sh util-linux-2.13-0.59.el5.src.rpm
boot.gz initrd-2.6.18-308.el5.img.gz screen-4.0.3 util-linux-2.13-0.59.el5.x86_64.rpm
copylib.sh install.log screen-4.0.3.tar.gz util-linux-2.13-pre7
Desktop install.log.syslog sysroot3.gz vim74
fuse-2.7.4 iso sysroot4.gz vim-7.4.tar.bz2
fuse-2.7.4-8_12.el5.x86_64.rpm linux-2.6.28.10.tar.gz sysroot6.gz
fuse-2.7.4.tar.gz ntfs-3g-2009.4.4 sysroot.gz
fuse-kmdl-2.6.18-308.24.1.el5-2.7.4-8_12.el5.x86_64.rpm ntfs-3g-2009.4.4.gz test
[[email protected] ~]#
其中login的源码的目录为/usr/src/redhat/SOURCES/util-linux-2.13-pre7/login-utils
login-utils文件中不存在make文件，因此，需要自己编写编译命令来生成login。
[[email protected] util-linux-2.13-pre7]# ls
ABOUT-NLS config configure.ac example.files hwclock lib m4 misc-utils partx schedutils
aclocal.m4 config.h.in COPYING fdisk include licenses Makefile.am mount po sys-utils
AUTHORS configure disk-utils getopt INSTALL login-utils Makefile.in NEWS README text-utils
[[email protected] util-linux-2.13-pre7]# ls login-utils/
agetty.8 chsh.1 initctl.8 last.c Makefile.in newgrp.c selinux_utils.c shutdown.c ttymsg.h wall.c
agetty.c chsh.c initctl.c login.1 mesg.1 README.getty selinux_utils.h simpleinit.8 vigr.8
checktty.c fastboot.8 islocal.c login.c mesg.c README.modems-with-agetty setpwnam.c simpleinit.c vipw.8
chfn.1 fasthalt.8 islocal.h login.h my_crypt.h README.poeigl setpwnam.h simpleinit.h vipw.c
chfn.c halt.8 last.1 Makefile.am newgrp.1 reboot.8 shutdown.8 ttymsg.c wall.1
[[email protected] util-linux-2.13-pre7]#
(4)修改login.c中的代码
把344行的passwd_req = 1;
更改为passwd_req = 0;
在文件中添加locale.h头文件
#include <locale.h>
(5)编译生成login
[[email protected] login-utils]# gcc -o login login.c ../lib/setproctitle.c checktty.c -Wall -lcrypt -I ../include/
(6)更新login
[[email protected] login-utils]# cp login /bin/login
重启，即可在文本模式中以root账户登录。
修改输入提示符
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat .bash_profile
PS1=‘[\[email protected]\h \w]\$‘ (用户名、主机名、工作目录名的基名、#)
export PS1
[[email protected] sysroot]#
查看本机硬件设备信息：
1、cat /proc/cpuinfo
2、lsusb
3、lspci
4、hal-device
Hardware Abstract Layer
[[email protected] ~]# lsusb
Protocol spec without prior Class and Subclass spec at line 4297
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
[[email protected] ~]# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge (rev 01)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX AGP bridge (rev 01)
00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA (rev 08)
00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)
00:07.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 08)
00:07.7 System peripheral: VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface (rev 10)
00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter
00:10.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)
00:11.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI bridge (rev 02)
00:15.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:15.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:16.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:17.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
00:18.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
02:00.0 USB controller: VMware USB1.1 UHCI Controller
02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
02:02.0 Multimedia audio controller: Ensoniq ES1371 [AudioPCI-97] (rev 02)
02:03.0 USB controller: VMware USB2 EHCI Controller
02:05.0 SATA controller: VMware Device 07e0
[[email protected] ~]#
编译内核：
1、配置
make menuconfig
make gconfig
make kconfig
make oldconfig
make config
保存为.config
2、编译
make
make modules_install
make install
模块安装位置：/lib/modules/KERNEL_VERSION/
如何实现部分编译：
1、只编译某子目录下的相关代码：
make dir/
make arch/
make drivers/net/
2、只编译部分模块
make M=drivers/net/
3、只编译某一模块
make drivers/net/pcnet32.ko
4、将编译完成的结果放置于别的目录中
make O=/tmp/kernel
5、交叉编译
make ARCH=
busybox可以模拟大部分linux命令；kernel+busybox可以模拟linux
initrd也是一个linux，busybox也可以模拟initrd
rootfs
如何编译busybox:（静态编译）
[[email protected] ~]# cd busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# make menuconfig
准备分区IDE:
/dev/hdb1: ext3 /boot
/dev/hdb2: ext3 /
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 44384 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 1 42 19813+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 43 1101 500377+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 44384 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Disk /dev/hdb doesn‘t contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 38 305203+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 39 2484 19647495 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2485 2610 1012095 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won‘t be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 44384.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-44384, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-44384, default 44384): +20M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (43-44384, default 43):
Using default value 43
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (43-44384, default 44384): +512M
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/hdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
15 heads, 63 sectors/track, 44384 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 945 * 512 = 483840 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 1 42 19813+ 83 Linux
/dev/hdb2 43 1101 500377+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[[email protected] ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/hdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
4968 inodes, 19812 blocks
990 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=20447232
3 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1656 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (1024 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[[email protected] ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/hdb2
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
125488 inodes, 500376 blocks
25018 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
62 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2024 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[[email protected] ~]#
busybox编译过程失败
内核头版本较低，缺少头文件，导致busybox编译失败
解决办法：将内核linux-2.6.38.5/include/mtd/ubi-user.h复制到/root/busybox-1.20.2/mtd/ 下
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# cd busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls
applets AUTHORS coreutils editors init LICENSE Makefile.custom modutils README shell TODO_unicode
applets_sh Config.in debianutils examples INSTALL loginutils Makefile.flags networking runit sysklogd util-linux
arch configs docs findutils libbb mailutils Makefile.help printutils scripts testsuite
archival console-tools e2fsprogs include libpwdgrp Makefile miscutils procps selinux TODO
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cd include/
[[email protected] include]# ls
applet_metadata.h ar.h bb_e2fs_defs.h dump.h grp_.h libbb.h platform.h rtc_.h unicode.h volume_id.h xregex.h
applets.src.h bb_archive.h busybox.h fix_u32.h inet_common.h liblzo_interface.h pwd_.h shadow_.h usage.src.h xatonum.h
[[email protected] include]# mkdir mtd
[[email protected] include]# cp /usr/src/linux-2.6.38.5/include/mtd/ubi-user.h mtd/
[[email protected] include]# ls mtd/
ubi-user.h
[[email protected] include]# cd ..
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# pwd
/root/busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]#
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]#
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# make install
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls
applets busybox Config.in docs include libpwdgrp Makefile.custom networking scripts TODO
applets_sh busybox.links configs e2fsprogs init LICENSE Makefile.flags printutils selinux TODO_unicode
arch busybox_unstripped console-tools editors _install loginutils Makefile.help procps shell util-linux
archival busybox_unstripped.map coreutils examples INSTALL mailutils miscutils README sysklogd
AUTHORS busybox_unstripped.out debianutils findutils libbb Makefile modutils runit testsuite
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# ls _install/ （生成_install文件，作为模板）
bin linuxrc sbin usr
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]#
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cp _install /tmp/busybox -a
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cd /tmp/busybox/
[[email protected] busybox]# ls
bin linuxrc sbin usr
[[email protected] busybox]# rm -f linuxrc
[[email protected] busybox]# ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 20 09:39 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 20 09:39 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 20 09:39 usr
[[email protected] busybox]# mkdir porc sys etc dev sysroot lib /modules -pv （以busybox生成initrd）
mkdir: created directory `porc‘
mkdir: created directory `sys‘
mkdir: created directory `etc‘
mkdir: created directory `dev‘
mkdir: created directory `sysroot‘
mkdir: created directory `lib‘
mkdir: created directory `/modules‘
[[email protected] busybox]# modinfo ext3 （为kernel访问rootfs ext3提供模块）
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko
license: GPL
description: Second Extended Filesystem with journaling extensions
author: Remy Card, Stephen Tweedie, Andrew Morton, Andreas Dilger, Theodore Ts‘o and others
srcversion: 26DC008FC415305C5F65313
depends: jbd
vermagic: 2.6.18-308.el5 SMP mod_unload gcc-4.1
module_sig: 883f3504f2324332d3142b3e704051112141c09f45fe672e4db062f41923995d307c2a22213ac59609f5474bd4a6ca7665da553738c019557064a811c2
[[email protected] busybox]# modinfo jbd
filename: /lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko
license: GPL
srcversion: 11842879E04FE2392B988CC
depends:
vermagic: 2.6.18-308.el5 SMP mod_unload gcc-4.1
module_sig: 883f3504f2324332d3142b3e704051112263609f7a68e7433c9b3b9465cadb5165e78eb997ad1309e22e1a42144eb69c67e660a3d2f4ba94e2f12f42
[[email protected] busybox]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko lib/modules/
cp: overwrite `lib/modules/ext3.ko‘? y
[[email protected] busybox]# cp /lib/modules/2.6.18-308.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko lib/modules/
cp: overwrite `lib/modules/jbd.ko‘? y
[[email protected] busybox]#
[[email protected] busybox]# ls lib/modules/
ext3.ko jbd.ko
[[email protected] ~]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
/dev/hdb1 on /opt/boot type ext3 (rw)
/dev/hdb2 on /opt/sysroot type ext3 (rw)
[[email protected] ~]# grub-install --root-directory=/opt /dev/hdb
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /opt/boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install‘.
(fd0) /dev/fd0
(hd0) /dev/hda
(hd1) /dev/hdb
(hd2) /dev/sda
[[email protected] ~]# ls /opt/boot/
grub vmlinuz
[[email protected] busybox]# mknod dev/console c 5 1
[[email protected] busybox]# mknod dev/null c 1 3
[[email protected] busybox]# cat init
#!/bin/sh
mount -t proc proc /proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
insmod /lib/modules/jbd.ko
insmod /lib/modules/ext3.ko
mdev -s
mount -t ext3 /dev/hda2 /mnt/sysroot
exec switch_root /mnt/sysroot /sbin/init
[[email protected] busybox]# find . | cpio -H newc --quiet -o | gzip -9 > /opt/boot/initrd.gz
[[email protected] busybox]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-308.el5 /opt/boot/vmlinuz
cp: overwrite `/opt/boot/vmlinuz‘? y
[[email protected] busybox]# cat /opt/boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=3
title busybox linux 2.6.18
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda2
initrd /initrd.gz
[[email protected] busybox]# cd
[[email protected] ~]# cd busybox-1.20.2
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cp _install/* /opt/sysroot/ -a
[[email protected] busybox-1.20.2]# cd /opt/sysroot/
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls
bin linuxrc lost+found sbin usr
[[email protected] sysroot]# rm -rf linuxrc
[[email protected] sysroot]# mkdir -pv proc sys dev tmp var/{log,lock,run} lib/modules root boot mnt media etc/rc.d/init.d
mkdir: created directory `proc‘
mkdir: created directory `sys‘
mkdir: created directory `dev‘
mkdir: created directory `tmp‘
mkdir: created directory `var‘
mkdir: created directory `var/log‘
mkdir: created directory `var/lock‘
mkdir: created directory `var/run‘
mkdir: created directory `lib‘
mkdir: created directory `lib/modules‘
mkdir: created directory `root‘
mkdir: created directory `boot‘
mkdir: created directory `mnt‘
mkdir: created directory `media‘
mkdir: created directory `etc‘
mkdir: created directory `etc/rc.d‘
mkdir: created directory `etc/rc.d/init.d‘
[[email protected] sysroot]# ls sbin/
acpid bootchartd findfs halt ifenslave loadkmap man mkfs.minix nameif rmmod start-stop-daemon sysctl watchdog
adjtimex depmod freeramdisk hdparm ifup logread mdev mkfs.vfat pivot_root route sulogin syslogd zcip
arp devmem fsck hwclock init losetup mkdosfs mkswap poweroff runlevel swapoff tunctl
blkid fbsplash fsck.minix ifconfig insmod lsmod mke2fs modinfo raidautorun setconsole swapon udhcpc
blockdev fdisk getty ifdown klogd makedevs mkfs.ext2 modprobe reboot slattach switch_root vconfig
[[email protected] sysroot]#
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/inittab
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
console::respawn:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/fstab
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/fstab
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0
/dev/hda2 / ext3 defaults 1 1
[[email protected] sysroot]# mknod dev/console c 5 1
[[email protected] sysroot]# mknod dev/null c 1 3
[[email protected] sysroot]# vim etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
[[email protected] sysroot]# cat etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
#!/bin/sh
echo -e "\tWelcome to \033[31mbusybox \033[0m Linux"
echo -e "Remounting the root filesystem ..."
mount -t proc proc /proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
mount -o remount,rw /
echo -e "Creating the files of device ..."
mdev -s
echo -e "Mounting the filesystem ..."
mount -a
swapon -a
echo -e "Starting the log daemon ..."
syslogd
klogd
echo -e "Configuring loopback interface ..."
ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1/24
[[email protected] sysroot]# chmod +x etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
[[email protected] sysroot]#
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