Python 操作 Excel 表格
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Python 操作 Excel 表格
python处理excel主要使用两个模块,一个是xlrd
另一个是xlwt
一、xlrd
这个模块主要是实现读取文件的功能
这个模块最主要的一个函数是:
open_workbook
它的用法如下所示:
open_workbook(filename=None, logfile=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>, verbosity=0, use_mmap=True, file_contents=None, encoding_override=None, formatting_info=False, on_demand=False, ragged_rows=False, ignore_workbook_corruption=False)
参数的解释如下所示:
Open a spreadsheet file for data extraction.
:param filename: The path to the spreadsheet file to be opened.
:param logfile: An open file to which messages and diagnostics are written.
:param verbosity: Increases the volume of trace material written to the
logfile.
:param use_mmap:
Whether to use the mmap module is determined heuristically.
Use this arg to override the result.
Current heuristic: mmap is used if it exists.
:param file_contents:
A string or an :class:`mmap.mmap` object or some other behave-alike
object. If ``file_contents`` is supplied, ``filename`` will not be used,
except (possibly) in messages.
:param encoding_override:
Used to overcome missing or bad codepage information
in older-version files. See :doc:`unicode`.
:param formatting_info:
The default is ``False``, which saves memory.
In this case, "Blank" cells, which are those with their own formatting
information but no data, are treated as empty by ignoring the file's
``BLANK`` and ``MULBLANK`` records.
This cuts off any bottom or right "margin" of rows of empty or blank
cells.
Only :meth:`~xlrd.sheet.Sheet.cell_value` and
:meth:`~xlrd.sheet.Sheet.cell_type` are available.
When ``True``, formatting information will be read from the spreadsheet
file. This provides all cells, including empty and blank cells.
Formatting information is available for each cell.
Note that this will raise a NotImplementedError when used with an
xlsx file.
:param on_demand:
Governs whether sheets are all loaded initially or when demanded
by the caller. See :doc:`on_demand`.
:param ragged_rows:
The default of ``False`` means all rows are padded out with empty cells so
that all rows have the same size as found in
:attr:`~xlrd.sheet.Sheet.ncols`.
``True`` means that there are no empty cells at the ends of rows.
This can result in substantial memory savings if rows are of widely
varying sizes. See also the :meth:`~xlrd.sheet.Sheet.row_len` method.
:param ignore_workbook_corruption:
This option allows to read corrupted workbooks.
When ``False`` you may face CompDocError: Workbook corruption.
When ``True`` that exception will be ignored.
:returns: An instance of the :class:`~xlrd.book.Book` class.
一般只需要写第一个参数就可以了,就是写出文件的路径
最后这个函数返回的是一个xlrd.book.Book对象,我们接下来就可以对这个对象进行操作了
对于这个对象,可以用索引或者名字来获取表单
xls_0 = xlrd.open_workbook("filename")
# 读取表格文件
new_sheet = xls_0.sheet_by_index(0)
# 获取表单
获取表单以后,可以获取表单中的每一个元素,我们直接用索引就可以了
代码是:
xls_0 = xlrd.open_workbook("filename")
# 读取表格文件
new_sheet = xls_0.sheet_by_index(0)
# 获取表单
value_0 = new_sheet.cell(rowx, colx).value
# 获取元素的值
到此,这个模块就介绍的差不多了
二、xlwt
xlwt是写入excel表格的模块,主要操作入下:
wb = xlwt.Workbook()
# 创建 excel 表格
sh = wb.add_sheet("sheetname")
# 创建一个 表单
sh.write(rowx, colx, content)
# 在文件中进行写入的操作
wb.save(filename_or_stream)
# 保存文件
这些即就是xlwt最主要的操作了啦
以上是一些表格的简单操作,适合于入门学习的简单介绍,希望对大家有一定的帮助了啦。
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