Java 微服务之 SpringCloud快速入门day01 初始SpringCloud

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一、SpringCloud的简介

微服务是一种架构方式,最终肯定需要技术架构去实施。
微服务的实现方式很多,但是最火的莫过于Spring Cloud了。为什么?

  • 后台硬:作为Spring家族的一员,有整个Spring全家桶靠山,背景十分强大。
  • 技术强: Spring作为Java领域的前辈,可以说是功力深厚。有强力的技术团队支撑,一般人还真比不了
  • 群众基础好:可以说大多数程序员的成长都伴随着Spring框架,试问:现在有几家公司开发不用Spring?SpringCloud与Spring的各个框架无缝整合,对大家来说一切都是熟悉的配方,熟悉的味道。
  • 使用方便:相信大家都体会到了SpringBoot给我们开发带来的便利,而SpringCloud完全支持SpringBoot的开发,用很少的配置就能完成微服务框架的搭建

SpringCloud快速入门:

SpringCloud的官网:

https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud


SpringCloud的版本

SpringCloud是Spring旗下的项目之一,

最擅长的就是集成,把世界上最好的框架拿过来,集成到自己的项目中。

SpringCloud也是一样,它将现在非常流行的一些技术整合到一起,实现了诸如:配置管理,服务发现,智能路由,负载均衡,熔断器,控制总线,集群状态等等功能。

其主要涉及的组件包括:

Netflix

  • Eureka:注册中心
  • zuul:服务网关
  • Ribbon:负载均衡
  • Feign:服务调用
  • Hystix:熔断器

以上只是其中一部分,架构图:

二、微服务场景模拟

首先,我们需要模拟一个服务调用的场景。方便后面学习微服务框架。

1、创建父工程

微服务中需要同时创建多个项目,为了方便课堂演示,我们先创建一个父工程,然后后续的工程都以这个工程为父,实现maven的聚合。这样可以在一个窗口看到所有工程,方便我们讲解。

在实际开发中,应该是每个微服务独立一个工程。

(1)创建cloud-demo



(2)修改pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.itzheng.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
        <mapper.starter.version>2.0.3</mapper.starter.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
        <pageHelper.starter.version>1.2.5</pageHelper.starter.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>

        <dependencies>
            <!--springCloud-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
            </dependency>
            <!--通用Mapper启动器-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>tk.mapper</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mapper.starter.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!--mysql驱动-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

2、创建服务提供者

我们新建一个项目,对外提供查询用户的服务

(1)创建module

选中父工程:cloud-demo


(2)完善pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itzheng.demo</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>user-service</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3、创建服务提供者:编写代码

(1)属性文件:这里我们采用了yaml语法,而不是properties



server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itzheng
    username: root
    password: root
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.itzheng.user.pojo
(2)创建对应的包结构

(3)创建启动类

package com.itzheng;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.itzheng.user.mapper")
public class UserApplication {



}

(4)创建com.itzheng.user.mapper包

(5)完善UserApplication类


package com.itzheng;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.itzheng.user.mapper")
public class UserApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class);
    }

}
(6)创建User实体类

package com.itzheng.user.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.annotation.KeySql;

import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import java.util.Date;

@Table(name="tb_user")
@Data
public class User {

    @Id
    @KeySql(useGeneratedKeys = true)
    private Long id;

    private String userName;  //用户名

    private String password; //密码

    private String name; //姓名

    private Integer age; //年龄

    private Integer sex; //性别、1:男鞋 2:女性

    private Date birthday; //出生日期

    private Date created;  //创建时间

    private Date updated;  //更新时间

    private String note; //备注

}

(7)引入插件


(8)创建通用Mapper即UserMapper继承Mapper

package com.itzheng.user.mapper;

import com.itzheng.user.pojo.User;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper;

public interface UserMapper extends Mapper<User> {



}

(9)创建Service。创建UserService


package com.itzheng.user.Service;

import com.itzheng.user.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.itzheng.user.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    public User queryById(Long id) {

        return userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }

}

(10)增加一个对外查询的接口:


package com.itzheng.user.web;

import com.itzheng.user.Service.UserService;
import com.itzheng.user.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return userService.queryById(id);
    }
}
(11)运行测试项目


访问项目:http://localhost:8082/user/8

{
	"id":8,
	"userName":"zhangsan",
	"password":"123",
	"name":"zhangsan123",
	"age":12,
	"sex":1,
	"birthday":"2021-06-13T16:00:00.000+0000",
	"created":"2021-06-29T10:21:50.000+0000",
	"updated":"2021-06-30T10:21:53.000+0000",
	"note":"1"
}

4、服务的调用放:代码编写

(1)创建项目工程



(2)在pom.xml当中添加启动器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itzheng.demo</groupId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>consumer-demo</artifactId>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>
(3)编写启动类


package com.itzheng;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){

        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class,args);
    }

}

(4)编写实体类



package com.itzheng.consumer.web;

import com.itzheng.consumer.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer")
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id ){
        String url = "http://localhost:8082/user/"+id;
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url,User.class);
        return user;
    }

}

(5)打开Run Dashboard



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