tomcat的安装和配置

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目前有很多网站使用jsp的程序编写,所以解析jsp的程序就必须要有相关的软件来完成。Tomcat就是用来解析jsp程序的一个软件,Tomcat是Apache软件基金会的Jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun和其他一些公司和个人共同开发而成。因为Tomcat技术先进、性能稳定而且免费,因而深受Java爱好者的喜爱并得到部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的web应用服务器。Tomcat是一个轻量级的应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问量不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试jsp程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,当一台机器上配置好Apache服务器,可以用它响应对html页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat部分是Apache的扩展,但它是独立运行的,所以当运行Tomcat时,它实际上作为一个与Apache独立的进程单独运行的。

Tomcat的安装分为两个步骤:安装JDK和安装Tomcat

JDK是Sun公司针对Java开发的产品,JDK是整个Java的核心,包括Java运行环境,Java工具,Java基础类库。所以要想运行jsp程序必须要有JDK的支持。

进入源码包目录:

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

下载JDK免编译安装包:

[[email protected] src]# ls

jdk-8u31-linux-i586.tar.gz

解压:

[[email protected] src]# tar zxvf jdk-8u31-linux-i586.tar.gz

移动到安装路径下:

[[email protected] src]# mv jdk1.8.0_31 /usr/local/

新建一个Java配置文件写入如下内容:

[[email protected] src]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/bin

JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/jre

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/jre/bin

CLASSPATH=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/jre/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/lib:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/jre/lib/charsets.jar

初始化环境变量,使其立即生效:

[[email protected] src]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh

或者 . /etc/profile.d/java.sh

验证是否成功:

[[email protected] src]# java -version

java version "1.8.0_31"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_31-b13)

Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 25.31-b07, mixed mode)


Tomcat官网:http://tomcat.apache.org,我们下载Tomcat做演示:

进入源码包目录:

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src

下载Tomcat免编译安装包:

[[email protected] src]# ls

apache-tomcat-7.0.75.tar.gz

解压:

[[email protected] src]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.75.tar.gz

移动到安装目录并重命名为tomcat:

[[email protected] src]# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.75 /usr/local/tomcat

[[email protected] src]# ls /usr/local/tomcat/

bin   lib      logs    RELEASE-NOTES  temp     work

conf  LICENSE  NOTICE  RUNNING.txt    webapps

进入安装目录:

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/

复制启动脚本到init.d目录并命名为tomcat:

[[email protected] tomcat]# cp -v bin/catalina.sh /etc/init.d/tomcat

"bin/catalina.sh" -> "/etc/init.d/tomcat"

编辑启动脚本:

[[email protected] tomcat]# vim /etc/init.d/tomcat

在前面加入下面四行内容:

#!/bin/sh

#chkconfig:2345 63 37

. /etc/init.d/functions

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat

更改启动脚本权限:

[[email protected] tomcat]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/tomcat

加入开机启动列表:

[[email protected] tomcat]# chkconfig --add tomcat

设置为开机启动:

[[email protected] tomcat]# chkconfig tomcat on

启动Tomcat服务:

[[email protected] tomcat]#  /etc/init.d/tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

Tomcat started.

查看进程:

[[email protected] tomcat]# ps aux | grep tomcat

root      1273 14.7  4.7 819628 91480 pts/0    Sl   00:43   0:07 /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/usr/local/tomcat/endorsed -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

查看端口(注意tomcat的进程名字是java,其实Tomcat启动的是Java进程):

[[email protected] tomcat]# netstat -lnp | grep java

tcp        0      0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005       :::*                        LISTEN      1273/java

tcp        0      0 :::8009                     :::*                        LISTEN      1273/java

tcp        0      0 :::8080                     :::*                        LISTEN      1273/java

tomcat不支持restart重启,只能先stop然后start

访问之前确保关闭了防火墙iptables:

[[email protected] tomcat]# iptables -nvL

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)

pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)

pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)

pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination

[[email protected] tomcat]#

在浏览器中输入:192.168.147.140:8080

技术分享

出现上面的页面说明Tomcat搭建成功。


Tomcat的安装非常简单,这里介绍几个简单的配置。

配置文件目录:

[[email protected] tomcat]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/

[[email protected] conf]# ls

Catalina         catalina.properties  logging.properties  tomcat-users.xml

catalina.policy  context.xml          server.xml          web.xml

配置1:更改端口8080为80

编辑配置文件:

[[email protected] conf]# vim server.xml

把<Connector port="8080" >这个模块的port改为80:

<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

重启tomcat,先stop,后start:

[[email protected] conf]# vim server.xml

[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/tomcat stop

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

Tomcat started.

查看端口:(已经成功改成80)

[[email protected] conf]# netstat -lnp | grep java

tcp        0      0 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005       :::*                        LISTEN      2045/java

tcp        0      0 :::8009                     :::*                        LISTEN      2045/java

tcp        0      0 :::80                       :::*                        LISTEN      2045/java

配置2:添加虚拟主机www.test.com,根目录为/data/tomcatweb:

创建网站根目录:

[[email protected] conf]# mkdir -p /data/tomcatweb

编辑配置文件:

[[email protected] conf]# vim server.xml

找到</Host>,在下面插入新的Host内容如下(参考模板:www.aminglinux.com/study_v2/chapter23.html):

<Host name="www.123.com" appBase="/data/tomcatweb"

unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="true"

xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

<Context path="" docBase="./" reloadable="true" crossContext="true"/>

</Host>

配置好后重启tomcat:

[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/tomcat stop

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/tomcat start

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_31

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

Tomcat started.

在网站根目录下随便写点东西:

[[email protected] conf]# echo "This is a test file" > /data/tomcatweb/1.txt

测试访问结果:

[[email protected] conf]# curl -xlocalhost:80 www.123.com/1.txt

This is a test file for jsp

测试jsp解析:

[[email protected] conf]# vim /data/tomcatweb/1.jsp

<html>

<body>

<center>

Now time is: <%=new java.util.Date()%>

</center>

</body>

</html>

测试访问结果:

[[email protected] conf]# curl -xlocalhost:80 www.123.com/1.jsp

<html>

<body>

<center>

Now time is: Sun Mar 12 00:59:48 CST 2017

</center>

</body>

</html>

如果解析出Date()函数显示时间则表示我们配置的虚拟主机成功了。


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