linux常用命令-sed
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sed基本用法：
sed: Stream EDitor
行编辑器 (全屏编辑器: vi)
sed: 将文本读入内存空间，模式空间
默认不编辑原文件，仅对模式空间中的数据做处理；而后，处理结束后，将模式空间打印至屏幕；
sed [options] ‘AddressCommand‘ file ...
-n: 静默模式，不再默认显示模式空间中的内容
-i: 直接修改原文件
-e SCRIPT -e SCRIPT:可以同时执行多个脚本
-f /PATH/TO/SED_SCRIPT
sed -f /path/to/scripts file
-r: 表示使用扩展正则表达式
Address：
1、StartLine,EndLine
比如1,100
$：最后一行
2、/RegExp/
/^root/
3、/pattern1/,/pattern2/
第一次被pattern1匹配到的行开始，至第一次被pattern2匹配到的行结束，这中间的所有行
4、LineNumber
指定的行
5、StartLine, +N
从startLine开始，向后的N行；
Command：
d: 删除符合条件的行；
p: 显示符合条件的行；
a \string: 在指定的行后面追加新行，内容为string
\n：可以用于换行
i \string: 在指定的行前面添加新行，内容为string
r FILE: 将指定的文件的内容添加至符合条件的行处
w FILE: 将地址指定的范围内的行另存至指定的文件中;
s/pattern/string/修饰符: 查找并替换，默认只替换每行中第一次被模式匹配到的字符串
加修饰符
g: 全局替换
i: 忽略字符大小写
s///: s###, [email protected]@@
\(\), \1, \2
l..e: like-->liker
love-->lover
like-->Like
love-->Love
&: 引用模式匹配整个串
练习：
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[[email protected] ~]# sed 1,2d /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[[email protected] ~]#
练习：
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘3,$d‘ /etc/fstab
#
[[email protected] ~]#
练习：
[[email protected] ~]$ sed ‘$r /etc/issue‘ /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
Red Hat Enterprise Server release 6.6 (Santiago)
\m
[[email protected] ~]$
练习：
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘/oot/d‘ /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[[email protected]alhost ~]#
练习：
[[email protected] ~]# sed -n ‘/^#/p‘ /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
[[email protected] ~]#
练习：
[[email protected] ~]$
[[email protected] ~]$ sed ‘/oot/w /tmp/oot.txt‘ /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[[email protected] ~]$ cat /tmp/oot.txt
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
[[email protected] ~]$
练习：
[[email protected] ~]$ sed ‘s/oot/OOT/‘ /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 /bOOT ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[[email protected] ~]$
练习：
[[email protected] ~]$ sed ‘s/\//#/g‘ /etc/fstab
#
# #etc#fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 21 02:15:00 2015
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘#dev#disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and#or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=57d85756-7680-4c7c-9125-6ad67dae2c45 # ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=2622a4b4-ddc9-47a3-aa2b-f06bc9bec085 #boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=33d94759-fa01-4c4f-b4ac-bf3a1fe5e84f swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs #dev#shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts #dev#pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs #sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc #proc proc defaults 0 0
练习：
[[email protected] ~]$ nano sed.txt
[[email protected] ~]$ sed ‘s/l..e/&r/g‘ ./sed.txt
liker
lover
[[email protected] ~]$ cat ./sed.txt
like
love
[[email protected] ~]$
练习：
[[email protected] ~]$ sed ‘s/l\(..e\)/L\1/g‘ ./sed.txt
Like
Love
[[email protected] ~]$
练习：
[[email protected] ~]# history | sed ‘s#^[[:space:]]*##g‘
1 history | sed ‘s#[[:space:]]*##g’
2 sed -r ‘[email protected]^[[:space:]][email protected]@g‘ /etc/grub.conf
3 history | sed ‘s#[[:space:]]+##g’
4 history | sed ‘s#[[:space:]]+##g‘
5 history | sed ‘s#[[:space:]]*##g‘
6 history | sed ‘s#^[[:space:]]*##g‘
sed练习：
1、删除/etc/grub.conf文件中行首的空白符；
sed -r ‘[email protected]^[[:spapce:]][email protected]@g‘ /etc/grub.conf
2、替换/etc/inittab文件中"id:3:initdefault:"一行中的数字为5；
sed ‘[email protected]\(id:\)[0-9]\(:initdefault:\)@\15\[email protected]‘ /etc/inittab
3、删除/etc/inittab文件中的空白行；
sed ‘/^$/d‘ /etc/inittab
4、删除/etc/inittab文件中开头的#号;
sed ‘[email protected]^#@@g‘ /etc/inittab
5、删除某文件中开头的#号及后面的空白字符，但要求#号后面必须有空白字符;
sed -r ‘[email protected]^#[[:space:]][email protected]@g‘ /etc/inittab
6、删除某文件中以空白字符后面跟#类的行中的开头的空白字符及#
sed -r ‘[email protected]^[[:space:]]+#@@g‘ /etc/inittab
7、取出一个文件路径的目录名称;
echo "/etc/rc.d/" | sed -r ‘[email protected]^(/.*/)[^/]+/[email protected]\[email protected]‘
基名：
echo "/etc/rc.d/" | sed -r ‘[email protected]^/.*/([^/]+)/[email protected]\[email protected]‘
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