springBoot的日志配置(LogBack+slf4j)简介

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slf4j简介和技术选型

市面上的日志框架:

JUL、JCL、Jboss-logging、logback、log4j、log4j2、slf4j....

日志门面 (日志的抽象层)日志实现
JCL(Jakarta Commons Logging) SLF4j(Simple Logging Facade for Java) jboss-logging Log4j JUL(java.util.logging) Log4j2 Logback

 

 

左边选一个门面(抽象层)、右边来选一个实现;

日志门面: SLF4J;

日志实现:Logback;

SpringBoot:底层是Spring框架,Spring框架默认是用JCL;‘

SpringBoot选用 SLF4j和logback;

一、slf4j简介

slf4j(Simple logging facade for Java)是对所有日志框架制定的一种规范、标准、接口,并不是一个框架的具体的实现,因为接口并不能独立使用,需要和具体的日志框架实现配合使用

slf4j是门面模式的典型应用,外部与一个子系统的通信必须通过一个统一的外观对象进行,使得子系统更易于使用。

 

日志实现(log4j、logback、log4j2)

  • log4j是apache实现的一个开源日志组件
  • logback同样是由log4j的作者设计完成的,拥有更好的特性,用来取代log4j的一个日志框架,是slf4j的原生实现
  • log4j2是log4j 1.x和logback的改进版,据说采用了一些新技术(无锁异步、等等),使得日志的吞吐量、性能比log4j 1.x提高10倍,并解决了一些死锁的bug,而且配置更加简单灵活。

为什么要使用slf4j

  • SLF4J提供了统一的记录日志的接口,对不同日志系统的具体实现进行了抽象化,只要按照其提供的方法记录即可,最终日志的格式、记录级别、输出方式等通过绑定具体的日志系统来实现。在项目中使用了SLF4J记录日志,并且绑定了log4j,则日志会以log4j的风格输出;后期需要改为以logback的风格输出日志,只需要将jar包log4j替换成logback即可,不用修改项目中的代码。
  • SLF4J支持{}作为占位符,等价于C语言中的%s,而不必再进行字符串的拼接,效率有显著的提升

maven jar包

springBoot版本:

<!--boot版本:-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.13.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

<!--使用的log版本是(boot这一个就可以了):以下内容会自动导入-->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.13.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>

<!--logback-classic和logback-core版本是:-->

    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>jul-to-slf4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.30</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

二、实现原理

slf4j只是一个日志标准,并不是日志系统的具体实现。slf4j只提做两件事情:Logger类用来打日志,LoggerFactory类用来获取Logger;

  1. 提供日志接口 (Logger.class)
  2. 提供获取具体日志对象的方法 (LoggerFactory.class)

Logger.class

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2011 QOS.ch
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free  of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a  copy  of this  software  and  associated  documentation files  (the
 * "Software"), to  deal in  the Software without  restriction, including
 * without limitation  the rights to  use, copy, modify,  merge, publish,
 * distribute,  sublicense, and/or sell  copies of  the Software,  and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software  is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 *
 * The  above  copyright  notice  and  this permission  notice  shall  be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE  SOFTWARE IS  PROVIDED  "AS  IS", WITHOUT  WARRANTY  OF ANY  KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR  IMPLIED, INCLUDING  BUT NOT LIMITED  TO THE  WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY,    FITNESS    FOR    A   PARTICULAR    PURPOSE    AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,  ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

package org.slf4j;

/**
 * The org.slf4j.Logger interface is the main user entry point of SLF4J API.
 * It is expected that logging takes place through concrete implementations
 * of this interface.
 * <p/>
 * <h3>Typical usage pattern:</h3>
 * <pre>
 * import org.slf4j.Logger;
 * import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 *
 * public class Wombat {
 *
 *   <span style="color:green">final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Wombat.class);</span>
 *   Integer t;
 *   Integer oldT;
 *
 *   public void setTemperature(Integer temperature) {
 *     oldT = t;
 *     t = temperature;
 *     <span style="color:green">logger.debug("Temperature set to {}. Old temperature was {}.", t, oldT);</span>
 *     if(temperature.intValue() > 50) {
 *       <span style="color:green">logger.info("Temperature has risen above 50 degrees.");</span>
 *     }
 *   }
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * Be sure to read the FAQ entry relating to <a href="../../../faq.html#logging_performance">parameterized
 * logging</a>. Note that logging statements can be parameterized in
 * <a href="../../../faq.html#paramException">presence of an exception/throwable</a>.
 *
 * <p>Once you are comfortable using loggers, i.e. instances of this interface, consider using
 * <a href="MDC.html">MDC</a> as well as <a href="Marker.html">Markers</a>.</p>
 *
 * @author Ceki G&uuml;lc&uuml;
 */
public interface Logger {

    /**
     * Case insensitive String constant used to retrieve the name of the root logger.
     *
     * @since 1.3
     */
    final public String ROOT_LOGGER_NAME = "ROOT";

    /**
     * Return the name of this <code>Logger</code> instance.
     * @return name of this logger instance 
     */
    public String getName();

    /**
     * Is the logger instance enabled for the TRACE level?
     *
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the TRACE level,
     *         false otherwise.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public boolean isTraceEnabled();

    /**
     * Log a message at the TRACE level.
     *
     * @param msg the message string to be logged
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(String msg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the TRACE level according to the specified format
     * and argument.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the TRACE level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the TRACE level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the TRACE level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * Log a message at the TRACE level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous string concatenation when the logger
     * is disabled for the TRACE level. However, this variant incurs the hidden
     * (and relatively small) cost of creating an <code>Object[]</code> before invoking the method,
     * even if this logger is disabled for TRACE. The variants taking {@link #trace(String, Object) one} and
     * {@link #trace(String, Object, Object) two} arguments exist solely in order to avoid this hidden cost.</p>
     *
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * Log an exception (throwable) at the TRACE level with an
     * accompanying message.
     *
     * @param msg the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t   the exception (throwable) to log
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Similar to {@link #isTraceEnabled()} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into account.
     *
     * @param marker The marker data to take into consideration
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the TRACE level,
     *         false otherwise.
     *         
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public boolean isTraceEnabled(Marker marker);

    /**
     * Log a message with the specific Marker at the TRACE level.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param msg    the message string to be logged
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(Marker marker, String msg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #trace(String, Object)} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(Marker marker, String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #trace(String, Object, Object)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(Marker marker, String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #trace(String, Object...)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker   the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format   the format string
     * @param argArray an array of arguments
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(Marker marker, String format, Object... argArray);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #trace(String, Throwable)} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param msg    the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t      the exception (throwable) to log
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void trace(Marker marker, String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Is the logger instance enabled for the DEBUG level?
     *
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the DEBUG level,
     *         false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isDebugEnabled();

    /**
     * Log a message at the DEBUG level.
     *
     * @param msg the message string to be logged
     */
    public void debug(String msg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the DEBUG level according to the specified format
     * and argument.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the DEBUG level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     */
    public void debug(String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the DEBUG level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the DEBUG level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     */
    public void debug(String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * Log a message at the DEBUG level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous string concatenation when the logger
     * is disabled for the DEBUG level. However, this variant incurs the hidden
     * (and relatively small) cost of creating an <code>Object[]</code> before invoking the method,
     * even if this logger is disabled for DEBUG. The variants taking
     * {@link #debug(String, Object) one} and {@link #debug(String, Object, Object) two}
     * arguments exist solely in order to avoid this hidden cost.</p>
     *
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     */
    public void debug(String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * Log an exception (throwable) at the DEBUG level with an
     * accompanying message.
     *
     * @param msg the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t   the exception (throwable) to log
     */
    public void debug(String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Similar to {@link #isDebugEnabled()} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into account.
     *
     * @param marker The marker data to take into consideration
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the DEBUG level,
     *         false otherwise. 
     */
    public boolean isDebugEnabled(Marker marker);

    /**
     * Log a message with the specific Marker at the DEBUG level.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param msg    the message string to be logged
     */
    public void debug(Marker marker, String msg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #debug(String, Object)} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     */
    public void debug(Marker marker, String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #debug(String, Object, Object)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     */
    public void debug(Marker marker, String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #debug(String, Object...)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker    the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     */
    public void debug(Marker marker, String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #debug(String, Throwable)} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param msg    the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t      the exception (throwable) to log
     */
    public void debug(Marker marker, String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Is the logger instance enabled for the INFO level?
     *
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the INFO level,
     *         false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isInfoEnabled();

    /**
     * Log a message at the INFO level.
     *
     * @param msg the message string to be logged
     */
    public void info(String msg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the INFO level according to the specified format
     * and argument.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the INFO level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     */
    public void info(String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the INFO level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the INFO level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     */
    public void info(String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * Log a message at the INFO level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous string concatenation when the logger
     * is disabled for the INFO level. However, this variant incurs the hidden
     * (and relatively small) cost of creating an <code>Object[]</code> before invoking the method,
     * even if this logger is disabled for INFO. The variants taking
     * {@link #info(String, Object) one} and {@link #info(String, Object, Object) two}
     * arguments exist solely in order to avoid this hidden cost.</p>
     *
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     */
    public void info(String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * Log an exception (throwable) at the INFO level with an
     * accompanying message.
     *
     * @param msg the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t   the exception (throwable) to log
     */
    public void info(String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Similar to {@link #isInfoEnabled()} method except that the marker
     * data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker The marker data to take into consideration
     * @return true if this logger is warn enabled, false otherwise 
     */
    public boolean isInfoEnabled(Marker marker);

    /**
     * Log a message with the specific Marker at the INFO level.
     *
     * @param marker The marker specific to this log statement
     * @param msg    the message string to be logged
     */
    public void info(Marker marker, String msg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #info(String, Object)} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     */
    public void info(Marker marker, String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #info(String, Object, Object)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     */
    public void info(Marker marker, String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #info(String, Object...)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker    the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     */
    public void info(Marker marker, String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #info(String, Throwable)} method
     * except that the marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data for this log statement
     * @param msg    the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t      the exception (throwable) to log
     */
    public void info(Marker marker, String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Is the logger instance enabled for the WARN level?
     *
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the WARN level,
     *         false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isWarnEnabled();

    /**
     * Log a message at the WARN level.
     *
     * @param msg the message string to be logged
     */
    public void warn(String msg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the WARN level according to the specified format
     * and argument.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the WARN level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     */
    public void warn(String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the WARN level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous string concatenation when the logger
     * is disabled for the WARN level. However, this variant incurs the hidden
     * (and relatively small) cost of creating an <code>Object[]</code> before invoking the method,
     * even if this logger is disabled for WARN. The variants taking
     * {@link #warn(String, Object) one} and {@link #warn(String, Object, Object) two}
     * arguments exist solely in order to avoid this hidden cost.</p>
     *
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     */
    public void warn(String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * Log a message at the WARN level according to the specified format
     * and arguments.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the WARN level. </p>
     *
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     */
    public void warn(String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * Log an exception (throwable) at the WARN level with an
     * accompanying message.
     *
     * @param msg the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t   the exception (throwable) to log
     */
    public void warn(String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Similar to {@link #isWarnEnabled()} method except that the marker
     * data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker The marker data to take into consideration
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the WARN level,
     *         false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isWarnEnabled(Marker marker);

    /**
     * Log a message with the specific Marker at the WARN level.
     *
     * @param marker The marker specific to this log statement
     * @param msg    the message string to be logged
     */
    public void warn(Marker marker, String msg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #warn(String, Object)} method except that the
     * marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg    the argument
     */
    public void warn(Marker marker, String format, Object arg);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #warn(String, Object, Object)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format the format string
     * @param arg1   the first argument
     * @param arg2   the second argument
     */
    public void warn(Marker marker, String format, Object arg1, Object arg2);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #warn(String, Object...)}
     * method except that the marker data is also taken into
     * consideration.
     *
     * @param marker    the marker data specific to this log statement
     * @param format    the format string
     * @param arguments a list of 3 or more arguments
     */
    public void warn(Marker marker, String format, Object... arguments);

    /**
     * This method is similar to {@link #warn(String, Throwable)} method
     * except that the marker data is also taken into consideration.
     *
     * @param marker the marker data for this log statement
     * @param msg    the message accompanying the exception
     * @param t      the exception (throwable) to log
     */
    public void warn(Marker marker, String msg, Throwable t);

    /**
     * Is the logger instance enabled for the ERROR level?
     *
     * @return True if this Logger is enabled for the ERROR level,
     *         false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isErrorEnabled();

    /**
     * Log a message at the ERROR level.
     *
     * @param msg the message string to be logged
     */
    public void error(String msg);

    /**
     * Log a message at the ERROR level according to the specified format
     * and argument.
     * <p/>
     * <p>This form avoids superfluous object creation when the logger
     * is disabled for the ERRO

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