HCNA Routing&Switching之vrp基础

Posted 1874

tags:

篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了HCNA Routing&Switching之vrp基础相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。

  什么是vrp?

  vrp是Versatile Routing Platform的缩写,翻译成中文就是通用路由平台,该平台是华为公司具有完全自主知识产权的网络操作系统。可以运行在多种硬件平台之上。拥有一致的网络界面、用户界面和管理界面,提供了灵活丰富的应用解决方案,集成了路由交换技术、QoS技术、安全技术和IP语音技术等数据通信功能。

  vrp的历史版本

  常用的管理vrp系统的方式,以及各种方式的优缺点及应用场景

  提示:通常管理vrp的方式有两种,一种是本地管理,本地管理通常需要用console线连接设备的console口,然后通过终端使用serial协议管理vrp;使用场景:适合初始化,故障恢复,系统升级,同时只能支持一个会话;另外一种就是通过IP地址或域名连接虚拟VTY口,使用Telnet或SSH协议,远程连接vrp进行管理;使用场景:适合后期维护、异地管理,同时可以支持多个会话;

   VRP基础配置

  在开始聊vrp的基础配置之前,我们先补充一点命令行视图的概念;什么是视图呢?我们可以理解为界面,每个界面配置的东西不一样,比如我们要配置vlan就得先进入vlan的界面才可以配置,我们要配置某接口的参数,得进入到该接口才可以配置;默认情况设备启动进入到视图是用户视图,该视图下用户可以操作的命令很少,多为一些查询类的命令和一些不改变系统配置的命令;我们要做配置首先要进入到系统视图,系统视图中又有各种视图,具体如下图

  视图切换

  示例:从用户视图切换到系统视图

<Huawei>sys	
<Huawei>system-view 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]

  提示:vrp是支持命令补全的,我们可以敲TAB键即可;

  示例:从系统视图切换至用户视图

[Huawei]q
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]
<Huawei>

  提示:从系统视图切换至用户视图我们可以使用quit命令,简写q;也可以使用快捷键Ctrl+z键直接从系统视图退出到用户视图;

  示例:从任意非用户视图返回到用户视图

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[Huawei]quit
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]return
<Huawei>

  提示:return可以从任意非用户视图直接返回到用户视图;quit只能一级一级的退出视图;

  命令行帮助

  提示:问号的作用就是告诉我们能够运行的命令,或者满足以我们敲打打字串开头的命令,或者是完全帮助里的能够运行的命令,或者命令后面能够接到子命令或参数等;

  示例:

<Huawei>d?
  debugging  <Group> debugging command group
  delete     Delete a file 
  dialer     Dialer
  dir        List files on a filesystem 
  display    Display information
<Huawei>dis	
<Huawei>display h?
  hdlc             Information of HDLC
  health           System health information
  history-command  Configuration information about history commands
  hotkey           Hotkey status and configuration information
  http             HTTP
  hwtacacs-server  HWTACACS server information
<Huawei>display ip?
  ip     <Group> ip command group
  ipsec  Specify IPSec(IP Security) configuration information
  ipv6   <Group> ipv6 command group
<Huawei>display ip rou?
  routing-table  Routing table
<Huawei>display ip rou

  历史命令查询和调用

  示例:查看历史命令列表

<Huawei>dis his	
<Huawei>dis history-command 
  display ip rou
  display ip rout
  return
  int g0/0/0
  sys
  quit
  q
  system-view
<Huawei>

  提示:默认历史命令只会保存最近10条命令;当然我们可以通过命令去设置显示的历史命令条目数量;

  设置命令历史显示条目数量

[Huawei]user-int	
[Huawei]user-interface con	
[Huawei]user-interface console 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]hist	
[Huawei-ui-console0]history-command ma	
[Huawei-ui-console0]history-command max-size 20

  vrp基础配置

  设置设备名称

  示例:修改设备名称为R1

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysna	
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]
[R1]
[R1]

  配置系统日期时间

  示例:修改系统时区为北京时间,东八区

[R1]clock	
[R1]clock tim	
[R1]clock timz	
[R1]clock time	
[R1]clock timez	
[R1]q
<R1>cloc	
<R1>clock timez	
<R1>clock timezone BJ add 08:00:00
<R1>dis clo	
<R1>dis clock 
2021-06-20 06:48:42
Sunday
Time Zone(BJ) : UTC+08:00
<R1>

  提示:设置时区需要在用户视图下设置,系统视图没法设置;

  示例:设置当前时间和日期

<R1>dis clock 
2021-06-20 06:50:35
Sunday
Time Zone(BJ) : UTC+08:00
<R1>clo	
<R1>clock da	
<R1>clock datetime ?
  HH:MM:SS  Specify the time
<R1>clock datetime 22:51:22 ?
  YYYY-MM-DD  Specify the date from 2000 to 2099
<R1>clock datetime 22:51:22 2021-06-20
<R1>dis clo	
<R1>dis clock 
2021-06-20 22:51:25
Sunday
Time Zone(BJ) : UTC+08:00
<R1>

  配置标题消息

  示例:设置用户登录前和登录后的标题消息

<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]head	
[R1]header lo	
[R1]header login ?
  file         Specify filename of banner
  information  Specify information of banner
[R1]header login inf	
[R1]header login information "welcome to R1"
[R1]head	
[R1]header lo	
[R1]header she	
[R1]header shell ?
  file         Specify filename of banner
  information  Specify information of banner
[R1]header shell in	
[R1]header shell information "have a good time"
……
<R1>q

  Configuration console exit, please press any key to log on

welcome to R1

Login authentication


Password:
have a good time
<R1>

  配置用户界面命令

  示例:配置console口超时时间

<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]use	
[R1]user-bind
[R1]user-group
[R1]user-interface con	
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]idl	
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 5 12

  提示:上述设置表示设置console口的超时时间为5分12秒;这里还需要注意一点console口的编号是从0开始的,默认情况下一台设备只有一个console口,所以我们设置的都是0口;进入到console 需要用user-interface 命令;该命令后面可以通常都是跟终端类型;常见的终端类型有console,vty;vty就是虚拟的终端,一般远程用到都是vty类型的终端;vty的接口编号范围最大可以支持到4,即总共支持5个远程用户使用vty;

  示例:进入到vty

<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]user-int	
[R1]user-interface vty ?
  INTEGER<0-4,16-20>  The first user terminal interface to be configured
[R1]user-interface vty 0 ?
  INTEGER<1-4>  Specify a last user terminal interface number to be configured
  <cr>          Please press ENTER to execute command 
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]

  配置登录权限和设置密码

  示例:设置console口登录密码为admin123.com

<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]user-int	
[R1]user-interface con	
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]set	
[R1-ui-console0]set au	
[R1-ui-console0]set authentication pa	
[R1-ui-console0]set authentication password ?
  cipher  Set the password with cipher text
[R1-ui-console0]set authentication password ci	
[R1-ui-console0]set authentication password cipher admin123.com
[R1-ui-console0]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
 set authentication password cipher %$%$W~Nm5vbJ{S0yS@K}!JAF,(BD.-9:#x[ak!f@{wX%
h"*C(BG,%$%$
 history-command max-size 20
 idle-timeout 5 12
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
return
[R1-ui-console0]q
[R1]q
<R1>q

  Configuration console exit, please press any key to log on

welcome to R1

Login authentication


Password:
have a good time
<R1>

  提示:password后面的cipher表示回显加密,即在配置里面看到的都是加密处理后端字符串;

  示例:配置vty登录密码

<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]user-interface	
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]set au	
[R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication pa	
[R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password ci	
[R1-ui-vty0-4]set authentication password cipher admin123.com
[R1-ui-vty0-4]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
 set authentication password cipher %$%$"<Kf/[6KRFvztj2q~J\'(,(hM.!O.+tL7{XXS5}P:
t-)P(hP,%$%$
 history-command max-size 20
 idle-timeout 5 12
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode password
 set authentication password cipher %$%$"<Kf/[6KRFvztj2q~J\'(,(hM.!O.+tL7{XXS5}P:
t-)P(hP,%$%$
user-interface vty 16 20
#
return
[R1-ui-vty0-4]

  示例:设置远程登录用户的权限为3

[R1-ui-vty0-4]user pri	
[R1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege le	
[R1-ui-vty0-4]user privilege level 3
[R1-ui-vty0-4]d th
[V200R003C00]
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
 set authentication password cipher %$%$.gtX\'!_=\\OGX:pJ5f*u6,(2wvE#v<y(fe57<FiMr
i>X9(2z,%$%$
 history-command max-size 20
 idle-timeout 5 12
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode password
 user privilege level 3
 set authentication password cipher %$%$.gtX\'!_=\\OGX:pJ5f*u6,(2wvE#v<y(fe57<FiMr
i>X9(2z,%$%$
user-interface vty 16 20
#
return
[R1-ui-vty0-4]

  提示:如果不设置用户权限级别默认是0,0的权限很小,只能执行网络诊断工具命令(ping、tracert)、从本设备出发访问外部设备的命令(Telnet客户端)、部分display命令等。权限级别分类如下表

用户级别 命令级别 级别名称 说明
0 0 访问级

网络诊断工具命令(ping、tracert)、从本设备出发访问
外部设备的命令(Telnet客户端)、部分display命令等。

1 0、1 监控级

用于系统维护,包括display等命令。
并不是所有display命令都是监控级,比如display
current-configuration命令和display saved-
configuration命令是3级管理级。

2 0、1、2 配置级

业务配置命令,包括路由、各个网络层次的命令,向用户
提供直接网络服务。

3~15 0、1、2、3 管理级

用于系统基本运行的命令,对业务提供支撑作用,包括文
件系统、FTP、TFTP下载、命令级别设置命令以及用于业
务故障诊断的debugging命令等。

  接口配置地址

<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.0.111 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]d th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 192.168.0.111 255.255.255.0 
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

  开启telnet 远程访问

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]telne	
[R1]telnet se	
[R1]telnet server e	
[R1]telnet server enable 
 Error: TELNET server has been enabled
[R1]

   提示:默认华为模拟器ensp上模拟的路由器上开启了telnet,所以在此开启会报错;

  实验:使用r2远程访问r1

  实验top

  在r2上配置地址,然后使用telnet客户端连接r1

<Huawei>
Jun 20 2021 23:44:30-08:00 Huawei %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEt
hernet0/0/0 has turned into UP state.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.0.222 24
Jun 20 2021 23:44:55-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]q
<R2>tel	
<R2>telnet 192.168.0.111
  Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
  Trying 192.168.0.111 ...
  Connected to 192.168.0.111 ...
welcome to R1

Login authentication


Password:
have a good time
<R1>

  查看接口摘要信息

  示例:查看r1设备的接口摘要信息

<R1>dis ip int brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.0.111/24     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
<R1>dis int brief
PHY: Physical
*down: administratively down
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
(b): BFD down
^down: standby
(e): ETHOAM down
(d): Dampening Suppressed
InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility
Interface                   PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors
GigabitEthernet0/0/0        up    up          0%     0%          0          0
GigabitEthernet0/0/1        down  down        0%     0%          0          0
GigabitEthernet0/0/2        down  down        0%     0%          0          0
NULL0                       up    up(s)       0%     0%          0          0
<R1>

  提示:dis ip int brief 和dis int brief的区别是,dis ip int brief 一般用于查看三层接口的简要信息,所谓三层一般就是可以配置ip地址信息的接口;dis int brief 一般多用于查看二层接口简要信息;

  状态信息查询

  示例:查看vrp版本信息

<R1>dis	
<R1>display ver	
<R1>display version 
Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software
VRP (R) software, Version 5.130 (AR2200 V200R003C00)
Copyright (C) 2011-2012 HUAWEI TECH CO., LTD
Huawei AR2220 Router uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 1 hour, 55 minutes
BKP 0 version information: 
1. PCB      Version  : AR01BAK2A VER.NC
2. If Supporting PoE : No
3. Board    Type     : AR2220
4. MPU Slot Quantity : 1
5. LPU Slot Quantity : 6

MPU 0(Master) : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 1 hour, 55 minutes
MPU version information : 
1. PCB      Version  : AR01SRU2A VER.A
2. MAB      Version  : 0
3. Board    Type     : AR2220
4. BootROM  Version  : 0

<R1>

  示例:查看当前视图的配置

<R1>dis	
<R1>display this
#
return
<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]user-int	
[R1]user-interface con	
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
user-interface con 0
 authentication-mode password
 set authentication password cipher %$%$)i3~%MGAQ,00KSWe|";E,+jWV+l97J2A9\'P]E[=}
CA"9+jZ,%$%$
 history-command max-size 20
 idle-timeout 5 12
user-interface vty 0 4
 authentication-mode password
 user privilege level 3
 set authentication password cipher %$%$)i3~%MGAQ,00KSWe|";E,+jWV+l97J2A9\'P]E[=}
CA"9+jZ,%$%$
user-interface vty 16 20
#
return
[R1-ui-console0]

 

以上是关于HCNA Routing&Switching之vrp基础的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

HCNA Routing&Switching之vrp远程管理

IP Routing & Dynamic Routing Protocols

GHOST CMS - URLs & Dynamic Routing

Angular基础 HTTP & Routing

HCNP Routing&Switching之OSPF特殊区域

HCNP Routing&Switching之BGP邻居建立条件优化和认证