使用Selenium破解新浪微博的四宫格验证码

Posted 2021-06-18 老酱

在我们爬虫的时候经常会遇到验证码，新浪微博的验证码是四宫格形式。

可以采用模板验证码的破解方式，也就是把所有验证码的情况全部列出来，然后拿验证码的图片和这所有情况中的图片进行对比，然后获取验证码，再通过selenium自动拖拽点击，进行破解。

我们将验证码四个点标注为1234，那么所有的情况就是以下24种情况。

数字代表箭头指向：

1234	2134	3124	4321
1243	2143	3142	4312
1342	2314	3214	4123
1324	2341	3241	4132
1423	2413	3412	4213
1432	2431	3421	4231

所有的情况就是以上24种。我们将这24中验证码的情况放在一个文件夹内，当我们在登录的时候用获取的验证码截图去和所有的情况一一对比，然后获取完全相同的验证码，进行点击即可。代码如下：

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
    from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
    import time
    from PIL import Image
    from io import BytesIO
    from os import listdir
    USERNAME = \'\'
    PASSWORD = \'\'
    class CrackWeiboSlide():
      def __init__(self):
        self.url = \'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login\'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
        self.username = USERNAME
        self.password = PASSWORD
      def __del__(self):
        self.browser.close()
      def open(self):
        """
        打开网页输入用户名密码登录
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,\'loginName\')))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,\'loginPassword\')))
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, \'loginAction\')))
        username.send_keys(self.username)
        password.send_keys(self.password)
        submit.click()
      def get_position(self):
        """
        获取验证码的位置
        :return: 位置
        """
        try:
          img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,\'patt-shadow\')))
        except TimeoutException:
          print(\'未出现验证码\')
          self.open()
        time.sleep(2)
        location = img.location
        size = img.size
        top=location[\'y\']
        bottom = location[\'y\']+size[\'height\']
        left = location[\'x\']
        right = location[\'x\']+size[\'width\']
        return (top,bottom,left,right)
      def get_screenshot(self):
        """
        获取截图
        :return:截图
        """
        screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制
        screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot))
        return screentshot
      def get_image(self,name):
        """获取验证码图片"""
        top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position()
        print(\'验证码位置\',top,bottom,left,right)
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数
        captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
        captcha.save(name)
        return captcha
      def detect_image(self,image):
        """
        匹配图片
        :param self:
        :param image: 图片
        :return: 拖动顺序
        """
        # 图片所在的文件夹
        for template_name in listdir(\'templates/\'):
          print(\'正在匹配\',template_name)
          template = Image.open(\'templates/\'+template_name)
          # 匹配图片
          if self.same_img(image,template):
            # 将匹配到的文件名转换为列表
            numbers = [int(number)for number in list(template_name.split(\'.\')[0])]
            print(\'拖动顺序\',numbers)
            return numbers
      def is_pixel_equal(self,image1,image2,x,y):
        """
        判断两个像素的相似度
        :param image1: 图片1
        :param image2: 图片2
        :param x: 位置x
        :param y: 位置y
        :return: 像素是否相同
        """
         # 取像素点
        pixel1 = image1.load()[x,y]
        pixel2 = image2.load()[x,y]
        # 偏差量等于60
        threshold = 60
        if abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1]-pixel2[1])<threshold and abs(pixel1[2]-pixel2[2])<threshold:
          return True
        else:
          return False
      def same_img(self,image,template):
        """
        识别相似的验证码
        :param image: 准备识别的验证码
        :param template: 模板
        :return:
        """
        # 相似度阈值
        threshold = 0.99
        count = 0
        # 匹配所有像素点
        for x in range(image.width):
          for y in range(image.height):
            # 判断像素
            if self.is_pixel_equal(image,template,x,y):
              count+=1
        result = float(count)/(image.width*image.height)
        if result>threshold:
          print(\'成功匹配\')
          return True
        return False
      def move(self,numbers):
        """
        根据顺序拖动,此处接收的参数为前面的验证码的顺序列表
        :param numbers:
        :return:
        """
        # 获取四宫格的四个点
        circles = self.browser.find_elements_by_css_selector(\'.patt-wrap .patt-circ\')
        print(\'-----------------\',circles)
        dx = dy =0
        for index in range(4):
          circle = circles[numbers[index]-1]
          if index == 0:
            # 点击第一个点
            ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(circle,circle.size[\'width\']/2,circle.size[\'height\']/2).click_and_hold().perform()
          else:
            # 慢慢移动
            times = 30
            for i in range(times):
              ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(dx/times,dy/times).perform()
              time.sleep(1/times)
          if index == 3:
            # 松开鼠标
            ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
          else:
            # 计算下次的偏移
            dx = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location[\'x\'] - circle.location[\'x\']
            dy = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location[\'y\'] - circle.location[\'y\']
      def crack(self):
        """
        破解入口
        :return:
        """
        self.open()
        # 获取验证码图片
        image = self.get_image(\'captcha.png\')
        numbers = self.detect_image(image)
        self.move(numbers)
        time.sleep(10)
        print(\'识别结束\')
    if __name__ == \'__main__\':
      crack = CrackWeiboSlide()
      crack.crack()
    
    

设置自己的账号密码即可实现。

有时候会匹配不上，图片相似度阈值达不到0.99以上，这个时候可能是我们收集的验证码图片过时了，重新开启图片收集程序，运行收集一下即可。

收集图片程序代码如下：

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
    import time
    from PIL import Image
    from io import BytesIO
    from os import listdir
    USERNAME = \'18239831004\'
    PASSWORD = \'qweqweqwe\'
    class CrackWeiboSlide():
      def __init__(self):
        self.url = \'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login\'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
        self.username = USERNAME
        self.password = PASSWORD
      def __del__(self):
        self.browser.close()
      def open(self):
        """
        打开网页输入用户名密码登录
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,\'loginName\')))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,\'loginPassword\')))
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, \'loginAction\')))
        username.send_keys(self.username)
        password.send_keys(self.password)
        submit.click()
      def get_position(self):
        """
        获取验证码的位置
        :return: 位置
        """
        try:
          img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,\'patt-shadow\')))
        except TimeoutException:
          print(\'未出现验证码\')
          self.open()
        time.sleep(2)
        location = img.location
        size = img.size
        top=location[\'y\']
        bottom = location[\'y\']+size[\'height\']
        left = location[\'x\']
        right = location[\'x\']+size[\'width\']
        return (top,bottom,left,right)
      def get_screenshot(self):
        """
        获取截图
        :return:截图
        """
        screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制
        screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot))
        return screentshot
      def get_image(self,name):
        """获取验证码图片"""
        top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position()
        print(\'验证码位置\',top,bottom,left,right)
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数
        captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
        captcha.save(name)
        return captcha
      # 获取所有的验证码
      def main(self):
        count = 0
        while True:
          name = str(count)+\'.png\'
          self.open()
          self.get_image(name)
          count+=1
    if __name__ == \'__main__\':
      crack = CrackWeiboSlide()
      crack.main()
    

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