Python网络请求

Posted 2021-06-17 黑。白。

1、网络请求 urllib  自带模块：
    1、get 请求
    2、post 请求
    3、url 里面传参
    4、body、josn
    5、cookie
    6、header
    7、上传文件
    8、k-v

    from urllib.request import urlopen
    from urllib.parse import urlencode,urljoin,quote,quote_plus,unquote,unquote_plus

    urljoin 拼接url
    quote,quote_plus 就是把传的参数转换成url编码
    unquote,unquote_plus   url编码进行解码，一般用plus，比较全一点

    # host = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/?stu_name=小黑"
    # print(quote_plus(host))  #url编码
    # print(quote(host))
    url = "https://www.baidu.com/s?ie=utf-8&f=8&rsv_bp=1&rsv_idx=2&tn=baiduhome_pg&wd=%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5%E9%98%9F&rsv_spt=1&oq=sdgsdsdg&rsv_pq=cbca1b490021d566&rsv_t=83a3dvr2MgkSUHYndjTkUaly8mj0O2gEaU6FiQmNXisrrzrJ0W3nU6KvAPnPtdK%2FyfiU&rqlang=cn&rsv_enter=1&rsv_dl=tb&rsv_sug3=23&rsv_sug1=10&rsv_sug7=101&rsv_sug2=0&rsv_btype=t&inputT=4151&rsv_sug4=4151"
    # url = urljoin(host,\'/api/login\')

    print(unquote(url))
    print(unquote_plus(url))

    # url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/stu_info"
    data = {"stu_name":"xiaohei","age":18}
    # print(urlencode(data))
    # # req = urlopen(url,urlencode(data).encode() ) #post请求，url后面没有参数的话，就是get请求
    # req = urlopen(url+\'?\'+urlencode(data))
    # print(req.read().decode())

2、网络请求  requests模块

    # url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/login"
    # data = {"username":"niuhanyang","passwd":"aA123456"}
    # data2 = {"version":1}
    # req = requests.post(url,params=data2,data=data)
    # print(req.url)  #查看请求发出去的url
    #http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/login?version=1

    #params参数是在url里面的
    #data参数是在body里面的
    1、发送get、post请求
    req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)  发送post请求
    req = requests.get(url,data)  发送get请求

    2、发送请求传json格式
    # url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/user/add_stu"
    # data = {
    #       "grade": "飞马座",
    #       "phone": "22345678992",
    #     "name":"哈哈哈哈"
    # }
    # req = requests.post(url,json=data)   发送请求传json格式数据

    3、发送请求传cookie
    # url = "https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/search_group_members"
    # # data = {
    # #     "gc": 180208520,
    # #     "st": "21",
    # #     "end": "41",
    # #     "sort": 0,
    # #     "bkn": "1391997515"
    # # }
    # # cookie = {\'RK\': \'XYYhgDpPfy\', \'ptcz\': \'a5b23b4f93bc2f304119957286b77b21be95814358d482ef0a2bf216733e57ba\', \'pgv_pvid\': \'5931324545\', \'uin\': \'o0511402865\', \'skey\': \'@HHempil2m\', \'p_uin\': \'o0511402865\', \'pt4_token\': \'tkeLBl-znMjpBJxIv1Chj*kLx7p0dsh4BkZfF39cpDk_\', \'p_skey\': \'OS7gS9Zw8*r*aIpqd5-S5BUo65EJMNWRkLLMO1Vpu5o_\', \'traceid\': \'5b35fe5632\'}
    # #
    # # req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=cookie)  发送请求时传cookie

    4、发送请求传header
    # url = "https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/search_group_members"
    # data = {
    #     "gc": 180208520,
    #     "st": "21",
    #     "end": "41",
    #     "sort": 0,
    #     "bkn": "1391997515"
    # }
    # header = {
    #     "cookie":"RK=XYYhgDpPfy; ptcz=a5b23b4f93bc2f304119957286b77b21be95814358d482ef0a2bf216733e57ba; pgv_pvid=5931324545; uin=o0511402865; skey=@HHempil2m; p_uin=o0511402865; pt4_token=tkeLBl-znMjpBJxIv1Chj*kLx7p0dsh4BkZfF39cpDk_; p_skey=OS7gS9Zw8*r*aIpqd5-S5BUo65EJMNWRkLLMO1Vpu5o_; traceid=5b35fe5632",
    #     "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36"
    # }
    # req = requests.post(url,data,headers=header)

    5、上传文件
    # url = "http://api.nnzhp.cn/api/file/file_upload"
    # data = {"file":open("a.xls",\'rb\')}
    # req = requests.post(url,files=data)
    # print(req.json())  #返回字典，如果接口返回的不是json，那会报错

    6、下载文件
    url = "http://aliimg.changba.com/cache/photo/941190975_200_200.jpg"

    req = requests.get(url,verify=False)

    with open("a.jpg",\'wb\') as fw:
        fw.write(req.content)


    7、请求返回的数据
    # print(req.json()) 返回字典，如果接口返回的不是json，那会报错
    # print(req.text) #返回的是字符串
    # print(req.content) #返回的是bytes的
    # print(req.status_code)  #返回的状态码
    # print(req.cookies) #返回的cookie
    # print(req.headers) #返回的header