LAMP搭建13：Apache访问控制

Posted 2020-08-28

Apache的访问控制有两种：一是对目录进行限制，一是对文件进行限制。依次介绍这两种访问控制方式。我们的虚拟机有两个IP：一个127.0.0.1，另一个192.168.147.132。如果我们不想让其中一个IP比如127.0.0.1访问我们的网站。（其实主要是限制别人，不是限制自己，这里只是举例子）

编辑虚拟主机配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

添加限制127.0.0.1访问网站根目录的访问控制方法：

……

ServerName www.test.com

ServerAlias www.aaa.com

ServerAlias www.bbb.com

<Directory "/data/www">

       AllowOverride None

       Options None

       Order allow,deny

       Allow from all

       Deny from 127.0.0.1

   </Directory>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

……

按Order顺序匹配，与下面Allow行和Deny行的先后无关。这里Order顺序为先看allow，再看deny，

所以先允许所有的IP访问，再禁止127.0.0.1的访问，最终结果是127.0.0.1被禁止。

检查无误后重新加载配置文件，可以看到我们做到了拒绝127.0.0.1的访问，192.168.147.132仍可访问

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.test.com

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:18:57 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) php/5.4.36

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:07 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36

location: forum.php

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:07 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com/forum.php

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:26 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_saltkey=NwiTwCJX; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/; httponly

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastvisit=1484407166; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=BreFeR; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastact=1484410766%09forum.php%09; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_onlineusernum=1; expires=Sat, 14-Jan-2017 16:24:26 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=BreFeR; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:19:26 GMT; path=/

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:19:26 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=gbk

我们网站后台肯定不能对任意IP开放访问，比如只能允许在本机登录后台，则需要对后台管理admin.php做白名单：正常情况下，所有人都能看到这个页面，这样不合适

在虚拟主机配置文件中加入如下内容：只允许127.0.0.1访问admin.php

……

<Directory "/data/www">

AllowOverride None

Options None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

Deny from 127.0.0.1

</Directory>

<filesmatch "(.*)admin(.*)">

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.1

</filesmatch>

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>

RewriteEngine on

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

……

检查无误后重新加载配置文件，可见现在只允许127.0.0.1登入后台管理，不能通过192.168.147.132访问后台管理了，这样就安全了。

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl -t

Syntax OK

[[email protected] ~]# apachectl graceful

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x192.168.147.132:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php

HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:15 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

[[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.test.com/admin.php

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:25 GMT

Server: Apache/2.2.9 (Unix) PHP/5.4.36

X-Powered-By: PHP/5.4.36

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_saltkey=zvA82A89; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/; httponly

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastvisit=1484408185; expires=Mon, 13-Feb-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_sid=qe5kCO; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/

Set-Cookie: sTi8_2132_lastact=1484411785%09admin.php%09; expires=Sun, 15-Jan-2017 16:36:25 GMT; path=/

Cache-Control: max-age=0

Expires: Sat, 14 Jan 2017 16:36:25 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=gbk