理论+实操：apache 的虚拟web主机配置
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@[toc]apache 常用的功能，虚拟主机
一：虚拟Web主机
- 在同一台服务器中运行多个Web站点，其中每一个站点并不独立占用一台真正的计算机
1.1 httpd支持的虚拟主机类型（三种）
- 基于域名的类型
- 基于IP地址的虚拟主机
- 基于端口的虚拟主机
例如：
www.kgc.om
www.accp.com
IP相同，端口相同
IP不同，端口相同
IP相同，端口不通
二：构建虚拟主机基于域名的实验
2.1.1 安装软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind httpd -y
Package 32:bind-9.11.4-9.P2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do2.1.2 关闭防火墙增强服务
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# 2.1.3 配置dns
配置dns全局配置文件/etc/named.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { any; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { any; };配置dns区域配置文件/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "kgc.com" IN {
type master;
file "kgc.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "accp.com" IN {
type master;
file "accp.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
}; 修改dns的区域数据文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# ls
data dynamic named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim kgc.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
www IN A 192.168.247.150
~ [root@localhost named]# cp -p kgc.com.zone accp.com.zone
修改完毕，启动dns服务
[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named为客户机配置好dns，去进行测试服务是否生效
nslookup 解析成功
2.1.4 创建虚拟主机配置文件，位置在/etc/httpd/conf/extra/，为了简明之意，文件名设为vhost.conf
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
conf conf.d conf.modules.d logs modules run
[root@localhost httpd]# ls -l
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 37 Dec 12 14:45 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 82 Dec 12 14:45 conf.d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 146 Dec 12 14:45 conf.modules.d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Dec 12 14:45 logs -> ../../var/log/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Dec 12 14:45 modules -> ../../usr/lib64/httpd/modules
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Dec 12 14:45 run -> /run/httpd
[root@localhost httpd]#
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf
[root@localhost conf]# ls
httpd.conf magic
[root@localhost conf]# mkdir extra
[root@localhost conf]# cd extra/
[root@localhost extra]# ls
[root@localhost extra]#
/etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf文件中
- 指的是所有的ip地址同过80端口都可以访问
DocumentRoot “是web站点目录”
ServerName “站点服务域名”
Errorlog “指定错误日志路径”
Customlog “指定访问日志路径” 后面跟common扩展工具
指定详细配置的目录名，可以发现是web站点目录的父目录
允许所有用户主机的所有访问权限 //后面由此还会扩展更多的配置属性[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf 1 <VirtualHost *:80> 2 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc" 3 ServerName www.kgc.com 4 Errorlog "logs/www.kgc.com.error_log" 5 Customlog "logs/www.kgc.comaccess_log" common 6 <Directory "/var/www/html"> 7 Require all granted 8 </Directory> 9 </VirtualHost> 10 11 <VirtualHost *:80> 12 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/accp" 13 ServerName www.accp.com 14 Errorlog "logs/www.accp.com.error_log" 15 Customlog "logs/www.accp.comaccess_log" common 16 <Directory "/var/www/html"> 17 Require all granted 18 </Directory> 19 </VirtualHost>
### 2.1.5 创建两个web站点的首页，首页文件index.html在/var/www/html下面的站点目录中
```bash
[root@localhost extra]# cd /var/
[root@localhost var]# ls
account cache db games kerberos local log named opt run target www
adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail nis preserve spool tmp yp
[root@localhost var]# cd www
[root@localhost www]# ls
cgi-bin html
[root@localhost www]# cd html
[root@localhost html]# ls
[root@localhost html]# mkdir kgc accp
[root@localhost html]# ls
accp kgc
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is accp web" > accp/index.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is kgc web" > kgc/index.html
[root@localhost html]# tree accp kgc
accp
└── index.html
kgc
└── index.html
0 directories, 2 files
[root@localhost html]#
2.1.7 重点：需要把extra的路径加入到主配置文件中，启动时才可以识别
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
354 Include conf/extra/vhost.conf2.1.8 开启服务，查看服务端口
[root@localhost html]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost html]# netstat -natp | grep httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 79262/httpd 2.1.9 在客户机验证
三：构建虚拟主机————基于端口的实验
以上个实验为基础，进行端口不通的虚拟主机的配置
3.1.1 修改虚拟web主机的配置文件，增加一项8080端口的参数，为了区别站点，需要把站点文件名修改作以区分，不会覆盖
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf
//复制修改增加
11 <VirtualHost *:8080>
12 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc02"
13 ServerName www.kgc02.com
14 Errorlog "logs/www.kgc02.com.error_log"
15 Customlog "logs/www.kgc02.comaccess_log" common
16 <Directory "/var/www/html">
17 Require all granted
18 </Directory>
19 </VirtualHost>
[root@localhost html]# ls
accp kgc
[root@localhost html]# cp -p kgc kgc02
cp: omitting directory ‘kgc’
[root@localhost html]# mkdir kgc02
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is web kgc02" >kgc02/index.html
[root@localhost html]#
3.1.2 增加了端口，也就增加了监听地址，监听地址的修改在主配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd/conf中
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
41 Listen 192.168.247.150:80
42 Listen 192.168.247.150:8080
43 #Listen 80
3.1.3 重启服务，验证接口是否开启
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost html]# netstat -napt | grep httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 91814/httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 91814/httpd 3.1.4 查看验证，IP地址一样，端口不一样
四：构建虚拟主机————基于IP不同的实验
4.1.1 添加网卡，创建几个不同的IP地址的虚拟web主机就需要增加几个网卡
[root@localhost html]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.247.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.247.255
ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.247.158 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.247.255
验证网卡是否联网
4.1.2 修改虚拟web主机的配置文件
备注：当服务器中使用不同IP的虚拟web主机时，/etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf文件中的IP地址需要具象到一个固定的IP地址，不可以再用*通配符号，以免混淆
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.247.158:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/accpaccp"
ServerName www.accpaccp.com
Errorlog "logs/www.accpaccp.com.error_log"
Customlog "logs/www.accpaccp.comaccess_log" common
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>4.1.3 创建新建的虚拟web站点目录
[root@localhost html]# ls
accp accp02 kgc kgc02
[root@localhost html]# mkdir accpaccp
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is 192.168.247.158" > accpaccp/index.html4.1.4 修改主配置文件，增加监听地址
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 192.168.247.158:804.1.5 重启httpd服务
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost html]# netstat -natp | grep httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 123662/httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.158:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 123662/httpd
tcp 0 0 192.168.247.150:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 123662/httpd 4.1.6 客户机验证
#####因为没有配置dns解析，所以需要输入IP地址去进入网站，接下来增加这个ip地址的域名解析
4.1.7 修改dns配置文件
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件
[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
zone "accpaccp.com" IN {
type master;
file "accpaccp.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};/var/named/目录，创建对应的区域数据文件
[root@localhost html]# cd /var/named
[root@localhost named]# ls
accp.com.zone data dynamic kgc.com.zone named.ca named.empty named.localhost named.loopback slaves
[root@localhost named]# cp -p accp.com.zone accpaccp.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# vim accpaccp.com.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
0 ; serial
1D ; refresh
1H ; retry
1W ; expire
3H ) ; minimum
NS @
A 127.0.0.1
www IN A 192.168.247.1584.1.8 重启域名解析服务
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
五：创建站点内的超链接
5.1 修改首页
[root@localhost named]# vim /var/www/html/accpaccp/index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>hello world</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><a href="http://www.accp.com/index.html">hello world</a></h1>
</body>
</html>5.2 客户机测试，当然，还需要在重启HTTPD服务
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart httpd
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