Linux学习-基于CentOS7的LAMP环境实现多虚拟主机

Posted 2021-03-23 hovin

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一、实验环境

　系统：CentOS7.6

　主机：两台(一台也可以)，一台实现apache+php-fpm (192.168.214.17)，一台实现mysql服务器 (192.168.214.27)

　软件包：

　　Apache：httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2，apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2，apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

　　PHP：php-7.3.7.tar.xz

　　MySQL：mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz （二进制包）

　　web网站：Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip，wordpress-5.2.2.tar.gz

　　虚拟主机配置：forum.abcdef.com (论坛域名对应Discuz)，blog.abcdef.com (博客域名对应wordpress)

二、实验步骤

1、实现MySQL服务器(192.168.214.27)

　(1) 准备安装包　

[root@centos7-27 ~]# ll /data
total 447224
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 457955398 Dec 13 17:33 mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

　(2) 新建mysql用户与数据目录

[root@centos7-27 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql
[root@centos7-27 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
[root@centos7-27 ~]# chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

　(3) 准备二进制程序

[root@centos7-27 data]# cd /data/
[root@centos7-27 data]# tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos7-27 data]# cd /usr/local/
[root@centos7-27 local]# ln -s mariadb-10.2.25-linux-x86_64/ mysql
[root@centos7-27 local]# chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/mysql

　(4) 准备配置文件

[root@centos7-27 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@centos7-27 mysql]# mkdir /etc/mysql
[root@centos7-27 mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[root@centos7-27 mysql]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 
#在[mysqld]下添加以下三项
datadir         = /data/mysql
innodb_file_per_table = on
skip_name_resolve = on
#以下项非必需，建议添加，设置服务器端字符集
character_set_server = utf8mb4

　(5) 初始化数据库，生成数据库文件

[root@centos7-27 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

　(6) 准备服务脚本，并启动服务

[root@centos7-27 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7-27 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7-27 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld (via systemctl):                           [  OK  ]

　(7) 配置PATH变量

[root@centos7-27 mysql]# echo \'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH\' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7-27 mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

　(8) 安全加固，以上安装后数据库是没有密码的，可以使用安全初始化脚本修改密码

[root@centos7-27 mysql]# mysql_secure_installation

2、编译安装httpd (192.168.214.17)

　(1) 准备安装包

[root@centos7-17 data]# cd /data
[root@centos7-17 data]# ls -lh *.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 852K Dec 13 18:02 apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 419K Dec 13 18:02 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.8M Dec 13 18:02 httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2

　(2) 解压源码包，并将 apr 和 apr-util 复制到 httpd 解压包中一起进行编译，当然也可以单独编译

[root@centos7-17 data]# tar -jxvf apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 
[root@centos7-17 data]# tar -jxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@centos7-17 data]# tar -jxvf httpd-2.4.39.tar.bz2
[root@centos7-17 data]# mv apr-1.7.0 httpd-2.4.39/srclib/apr
[root@centos7-17 data]# mv apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.39/srclib/apr-util

　(3) 安装相关所需包(光盘yum源)

[root@centos7-17 data]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo 
[development]
name=dvdbase repo
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@centos7-17 data]# yum install -y gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel expat-devel

　(4) 开始编译安装

[root@centos7-17 data]# cd httpd-2.4.39/
[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# ./configure \\
> --prefix=/app/httpd24 \\
> --enable-so \\
> --enable-ssl \\
> --enable-cgi \\
> --enable-rewrite \\
> --with-zlib \\
> --with-pcre \\
> --with-included-apr \\
> --enable-modules=most \\
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \\
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# make && make install

./configure \\
--prefix=/app/httpd24 \\
--enable-so \\
--enable-ssl \\
--enable-cgi \\
--enable-rewrite \\
--with-zlib \\
--with-pcre \\
--with-included-apr \\
--enable-modules=most \\
--enable-mpms-shared=all \\
--with-mpm=prefork

编译代码

　(5) 创建apache用户并修改配置文件中的启动时所用的用户和组，配置文件中默认的用户和组都为 daemon

[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf
#找到以下两项，修改用户和组为apache
user apache
group apache

　(6) 配置PATH变量并启动测试

[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# echo \'PATH=/app/httpd24/bin:$PATH\' > /etc/profile.d/http24.sh
[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# . /etc/profile.d/http24.sh 
[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# apachectl  start
[root@centos7-17 httpd-2.4.39]# curl http://192.168.214.17  
#测试访问，可以看到可以了
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

　附：httpd 通过 systemctl 命令的启动脚本制作，根据光盘 yum 源安装的 httpd-2.4.6 包中的 httpd.service 文件修改的

[root@centos7-17 data]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=The Apache HTTP Server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Documentation=man:httpd(8)
Documentation=man:apachectl(8)

[Service]
#Type=notify
Type=forking  #修改此处
#EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/httpd    #注释此项
#ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND
ExecStart=/app/httpd24/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k start    #修改此处
ExecReload=/app/http24/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful
#ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID}
ExecStop=/app/httpd24/bin/httpd $OPTIONS -k stop    #修改此处
# We want systemd to give httpd some time to finish gracefully, but still want
# it to kill httpd after TimeoutStopSec if something went wrong during the
# graceful stop. Normally, Systemd sends SIGTERM signal right after the
# ExecStop, which would kill httpd. We are sending useless SIGCONT here to give
# httpd time to finish.
KillSignal=SIGCONT
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@centos7-17 data]# systemctl start httpd
[root@centos7-17 data]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@centos7-17 data]# systemctl restart httpd

View Code

3、编译安装php-fpm (192.168.214.17)

　(1) 准备安装包

[root@centos7-17 ~]# cd /data
[root@centos7-17 data]# ls -l php-7.3.12.tar.bz2 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15006275 Dec 13 19:54 php-7.3.12.tar.bz2

　(2) 安装相关所需包(光盘yum源与EPEL源)

[root@centos7-17 data]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo 
[development] #光盘源也可用阿里云的yum源
name=dvdbase repo
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[aliyunEpel] #epel源
name=aliyun epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever

[root@centos7-17 data]# yum install libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel
#libmcrypt相关包依赖epel源

　(3) 解压源码包，并进行编译安装

[root@centos7-17 data]# tar -jxvf php-7.3.12.tar.bz2
[root@centos7-17 data]# cd php-7.3.12/
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# ./configure --prefix=/app/php \\
> --enable-mysqlnd \\
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \\
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \\
> --with-openssl \\
> --with-freetype-dir \\
> --with-jpeg-dir \\
> --with-png-dir \\
> --with-zlib \\
> --with-libxml-dir=/usr \\
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \\
> --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \\
> --enable-mbstring \\
> --enable-xml \\
> --enable-sockets \\
> --enable-fpm \\
> --enable-maintainer-zts \\
> --disable-fileinfo
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# make && make install

./configure --prefix=/app/php \\
--enable-mysqlnd \\
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \\
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \\
--with-openssl \\
--with-freetype-dir \\
--with-jpeg-dir \\
--with-png-dir \\
--with-zlib \\
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \\
--with-config-file-path=/etc \\
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \\
--enable-mbstring \\
--enable-xml \\
--enable-sockets \\
--enable-fpm \\
--enable-maintainer-zts \\
--disable-fileinfo

编译代码

　(4) 准备配置文件，并修改 www.conf 配置文件中启动用户与组为 apache，默认用户与组为 nobody

[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# cd /app/php/etc/
[root@centos7-17 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@centos7-17 etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@centos7-17 php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@centos7-17 php-fpm.d]# vim www.conf
#找到以下两项，将nobody改为apache
user = apache
group = apache

　(5) 准备服务启动脚本，并启动 php-fpm 服务

[root@centos7-17 php-fpm.d]# cd /data/php-7.3.12/
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm 
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# chkconfig --add php-fpm 
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@centos7-17 php-7.3.12]# ss -nlt|grep 9000  #可以看到9000端口已经启动
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:9000                     *:*

4、配置 httpd 配置文件，让其支持 php

　(1) 修改 http.conf 文件，

[root@centos7-17 ~]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf

#取消下面两个模块的注释
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

#修改下面行，添加 index.php
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>

#添加以下行
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
ProxyRequests Off
#以下这行如果是单主机是必需加的，但我们要什么多虚拟主机，到时到虚拟主机配置中加即可
#ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/app/httpd24/htdocs/$1

5、配置网站

　(1) 在/app/httpd24/htdocs/ 创建多虚拟主机所需文件夹

[root@centos7-17 ~]# mkdir -v /app/httpd24/htdocs/{wordpress,discuz}
mkdir: created directory ‘/app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress’
mkdir: created directory ‘/app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz’

　(2) 继续在 http.conf 文件中添加多虚拟主机设置

[root@centos7-17 ~]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName blog.abcdef.com    
DocumentRoot /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress
CustomLog logs/blog.access_log combined  #访问日志
ErrorLog logs/blog.error_log    #错误日志
LogLevel warn   #日志级别 
<Directory /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress>
Options none
Require all granted
</Directory>
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress/$1
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName forum.abcdef.com
DocumentRoot /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz
CustomLog logs/forum.access_log combined
ErrorLog logs/forum.error_log
LogLevel warn
<Directory /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz>
Options none
Require all granted
</Directory>
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz/$1
</VirtualHost>

　(3) 重新启动 httpd 服务

[root@centos7-17 ~]# apachectl restart

　(4) 准备网站源码，并在源码目录给 apache 用户设置访问控制权限

[root@centos7-17 data]# ll Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip wordpress-5.2.2.tar.gz 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10922155 Dec 13 18:02 Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11133665 Dec 13 18:02 wordpress-5.2.2.tar.gz
[root@centos7-17 data]# tar -xvf wordpress-5.2.2.tar.gz
[root@centos7-17 data]# unzip Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip
[root@centos7-17 data]# cp -r wordpress/* /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress/ 
[root@centos7-17 data]# cp -r upload/* /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz/
#设置apache用户的ACL权限，以便在网站安装时有权限读写文件
[root@centos7-17 data]# setfacl -Rm u:apache:rwx /app/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress
[root@centos7-17 data]# setfacl -Rm u:apache:rwx /app/httpd24/htdocs/discuz

　(5) 在数据库服务器上 (192.168.214.27)，创建数据库及连接数据库的用户

[root@centos7-27 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.2.25-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type \'help;\' or \'\\h\' for help. Type \'\\c\' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database discuz;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordpress.* to \'wpuser\'@\'192.168.214.%\' identified by \'centos\';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on discuz.* to \'dsuser\'@\'192.168.214.%\' identified by \'centos7\' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

　(6) 设置 hosts 文件，使域名可以解析到主机，在 hosts 文件中添加一行（如果利用Linux图形桌面上的浏览器进行网站安装，hosts文件为 /etc/hosts，如果是用windows安装，则host文件路径为 C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc ）

　　　192.168.214.17 blog.abcdef.com forum.abcdef.com

　(7) 安装网站即可，利用浏览器安装，输出相应域名，根据安装向导安装即可

　　blog.abcdef.com域名访问如图，一步步安装即可

　　forum.abcdef.com域名访问如下图，一步步安装即可

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