ipv6,/etc/hosts配置文件解析问题

Posted 2021-03-15

客户反馈，11.2.0.4,Linux7  GI集群软件，Oracle软件均已正常安装完毕。

DBCA建库,出现

VIP do not all share the same subnetwork,or the vip subnetwok does not match that of any public network interface in the cluster

一 、观察问题

查询集群资源状态

Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.rac1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.rac2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.oc4j
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1 
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1
[grid@rac1 ~]$
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.10.6.8)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config vip -n rac2
VIP 存在: /rac2-vip/10.10.6.9/10.10.6.0/255.255.255.0/, 托管节点 rac2
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config vip -n rac1
VIP 存在: /rac1-vip/10.10.6.8/10.10.6.0/255.255.255.0/, 托管节点 rac1


$cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1        rac1 
10.10.6.6  rac1 
10.10.6.7  rac2
10.10.6.8  rac1-vip 
10.10.6.9  rac2-vip 
10.10.6.10  rac-scan

从上述可以发现，Grid 监听无法正常注册Public ip信息资源
ping rac1 可以得到的IP地址是127.XXX 
建议，注释掉::1 后续的信息
建议百度::1 得到的解释是使用Ipv6地址进行解析。
重启crs OK

二、 疑问

11.2.0.4 是否支持RAC 使用ipv6???

 

2.1 查询12.1 官方文档

查询12.1 官方文档

Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide

Network Address Configuration in a Cluster
You can configure a network interface for either IPv4, IPv6, or both types of addresses on a given network. 
If you configure redundant network interfaces using a third-party technology, then Oracle does not support configuring one
 interface to support IPv4 addresses and the other to support IPv6 addresses. You must configure network interfaces
 of a redundant interface pair with the same IP address type. If you use the Oracle Clusterware Redundant Interconnect feature,
 then you must use IPv4 addresses for the interfaces.

All the nodes in the cluster must use the same IP protocol configuration. Either all the nodes use only IPv4, 
or all the nodes use only IPv6, or all the nodes use both IPv4 and IPv6. You cannot have some nodes in the cluster configured
 to support only IPv6 addresses, and other nodes in the cluster configured to support only IPv4 addresses.

The local listener listens on endpoints based on the address types of the subnets configured for the network resource. 
Possible types are IPV4, IPV6, or both.
集群public 网卡，可以是ipv4,也可以是ipv6,但是不允许一个ipv4，另一个ipv6

查询12.1增强功能！！！说明11.2.0.4以前并不支持！

2.7.5 Oracle RAC Enhancements

The following sections describe new features for Oracle RAC.

2.7.5.1 Support for IPv6 Based IP Addresses for Oracle RAC Client Connectivity

Cluster nodes can be configured to use either IPv4 or IPv6 based IP addresses for the Virtual IPs (VIP) on the public network, while more than one public network can be defined for the cluster. Database clients and applications can connect to either IPv4 or IPv6 VIP addresses. The Single Client Access Name (SCAN) listener automatically redirects client connects to the appropriate database listener within a given subnet considering the IP protocol requested by the client. SCAN listeners can be defined for each subnet in the cluster.

IPv6 based IP addresses have become the latest standard for the information technology infrastructure in today‘s data centers. With this release, Oracle RAC and Oracle Grid Infrastructure support this standard for client connectivity.

See Also:

Oracle Clusterware Administration and Deployment Guide for details

支持基于IPv6的IP地址以实现Oracle RAC客户端连接

可以将群集节点配置为对公用网络上的虚拟IP（VIP）使用基于IPv4或IPv6的IP地址，而可以为群集定义多个公用网络。
数据库客户端和应用程序可以连接到IPv4或IPv6 VIP地址。单一客户端访问名称（SCAN）侦听器会根据客户端请求的IP协议，
自动将客户端连接重定向到给定子网内的相应数据库侦听器。可以为群集中的每个子网定义SCAN侦听器。
注意：这里没用说私网，支持IPV6!!!

还是12.1 进一步说明 私网只允许IPV4！！！

https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CWLIN/networks.htm#CIHCEIJH
5.4 IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol Requirements
Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC support the standard IPv6 address notations specified by RFC 2732 and global and site-local IPv6 addresses as defined by RFC 4193.

Cluster member node interfaces can be configured to use IPv4, IPv6, or both types of Internet protocol addresses. However, be aware of the following:

Configuring public VIPs: During installation, you can configure VIPs for a given public network as IPv4 or IPv6 types of addresses. You can configure an IPv6 cluster by selecting VIP and SCAN names that resolve to addresses in an IPv6 subnet for the cluster, and selecting that subnet as public during installation. After installation, you can also configure cluster member nodes with a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

If you install using static virtual IP (VIP) addresses in an IPv4 cluster, then the VIP names you supply during installation should resolve only to IPv4 addresses. If you install using static IPv6 addresses, then the VIP names you supply during installation should resolve only to IPv6 addresses.

During installation, you cannot configure the cluster with VIP and SCAN names that resolve to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. For example, you cannot configure VIPs and SCANS on some cluster member nodes to resolve to IPv4 addresses, and VIPs and SCANs on other cluster member nodes to resolve to IPv6 addresses. Oracle does not support this configuration.

Configuring private IP interfaces (interconnects): you must configure the private network as an IPv4 network. IPv6 addresses are not supported for the interconnect.

Redundant network interfaces: If you configure redundant network interfaces for a public or VIP node name, then configure both interfaces of a redundant pair to the same address protocol. Also ensure that private IP interfaces use the same IP protocol. Oracle does not support names using redundant interface configurations with mixed IP protocols. You must configure both network interfaces of a redundant pair with the same IP protocol.

GNS or Multi-cluster addresses: Oracle Grid Infrastructure supports IPv4 DHCP addresses, and IPv6 addresses configured with the Stateless Address Autoconfiguration protocol, as described in RFC 2462.

 

2.2 12.2官方文档

疑问？ 12.1 RAC不支持私网是IPV6?

12.2 开始支持RAC私网 IPV6。
IPv4 and IPv6 Protocol Requirements
Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC support the standard IPv6 address notations specified by RFC 2732 and global and
 site-local IPv6 addresses as defined by RFC 4193.

Configuring Public VIPs

Cluster member node interfaces can be configured to use IPv4, IPv6, or both types of Internet protocol addresses. During installation,
 you can configure VIPs for a given public network as IPv4 or IPv6 types of addresses. You can configure an IPv6 cluster by selecting
 VIP and SCAN names that resolve to addresses in an IPv6 subnet for the cluster, and selecting that subnet as public during installation.
 After installation, you can also configure cluster member nodes with a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

If you install using static virtual IP (VIP) addresses in an IPv4 cluster, then the VIP names you supply during installation 
should resolve only to IPv4 addresses. If you install using static IPv6 addresses, then the VIP names you supply during installation
 should resolve only to IPv6 addresses.

During installation, you cannot configure the cluster with VIP and SCAN names that resolve to both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. 
You cannot configure VIPs and SCANS on some cluster member nodes to resolve to IPv4 addresses, and VIPs and SCANs on other cluster
 member nodes to resolve to IPv6 addresses. Oracle does not support this configuration.

Configuring Private IP Interfaces (Interconnects)

You can configure the private network either as an IPv4 network or IPv6 network.

Redundant Network Interfaces

If you configure redundant network interfaces for a public or VIP node name, then configure both interfaces of a redundant pair
 to the same address protocol. Also ensure that private IP interfaces use the same IP protocol. Oracle does not support names using
 redundant interface configurations with mixed IP protocols. You must configure both network interfaces of a redundant pair with
 the same IP protocol.

GNS or Multi-Cluster Addresses

Oracle Grid Infrastructure supports IPv4 DHCP addresses, and IPv6 addresses configured with the Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
 protocol, as described in RFC 2462.

Note:Link-local and site-local IPv6 addresses as defined in RFC 1884 are not supported.
Parent topic: Configuring Networks for Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC

2.3 MOS 11.2.0.4 完全不支持IPV6???

疑问？   为什么说11g不支持ipv6,但是Oracle Grid可以正常安装呢？ 猜测IP地址是一个网段的，因此vip可以正常创建成功。 但是监听资源看起来也是正常的，但是对于DBCA的时候，需要往集群RAC中注册实例，需要使用vip进行注册，由于网卡使用的是ipv6,因此某些配置解析层面不兼容导致Oracle Public 网卡不支持。

  观察MOS 单实例可以进行修改满足条件，RAC并未找到相关说明。

注意，如下MOS只是进一步说明Oracle 默认11g 监听规则是Ipv4
   以及Oracle 11g release 2 支持ipv6 进行客户端登陆解析,12.1才真正支持RAC层面的连接。
Weblogic Server Fails to Start when Specifying IPV6 Address in JDBC URL for RAC Datasource (Doc ID 2402429.1)    
SYMPTOMS
 WLS Server failing to start with invalid IP address when configuring the IPV6 address for the database in ONS section
 of datasource. Issue not seen with IPV4 address.
CAUSE
 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 supports IPv6 addressing for all features and components in single-instance mode, 
and Oracle Database 12c Release 1 extends that to allow client connectivity over public networks to Oracle Real Application
 Clusters (Oracle RAC).
You are trying to use an 11g driver/ons jar file with RAC and the statement makes it clear that it isn’t supported until 12.1.
The 11.x ons jar file isn’t parsing the ONS string to handle IPV6 addresses (looking for the last colon to separate out
 the port from the address string).
Refer: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/oracledatabaseipv6sod-4007245.pdf

如下是11.2.0.4 单实例DB创建成功后，可以参考如下，改造使用IPV6的方法！ 但非RAC，改造并非本篇文档重点，不详细描述。
Enabling IPv6 on Oracle Database Enterprise Edition (Doc ID 783570.1)
Oracle Database - Standard Edition - Version 11.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.2.0 [Release 11.2]

PURPOSE
Introduction
IPv6 is designed with migration in mind. It is possible to run an Operating System with both IPv4 and IPv6 running at the same time. It is possible to configure the Oracle Database and Listener to use both IPv4 and IPv6, but this note covers how to setup the Oracle 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.0) software to use only IPv6 on a Linux system that has both IPv4 and IPv6 configured. The 11.2 release is the only one that supports the IPv6 protocol.