Win10+WSL2+Ubuntu 18.04(WSL下)+VS Code(Win10下)+TexLive 2019(Ubuntu下)安装和配置

Posted 2021-03-09 alexanderzjs

本人手头电脑是Win10 Home版全新安装的系统，由于不想在新系统盘里面安装TexLive导致固态硬盘不断扩大，所以，考虑安装Ubuntu做为WSL，然后把TexLive安装在Ubuntu，并通过VS Code调用Ubuntu命令来写Latex的方法来写一些论文。在此，提供一个思路给大家借鉴。

Windows 10安装WSL2和Ubuntu 18.04

这个过程其实直接参照微软的标准过程就可以了，大致步骤总结如下：

1. 去控制面板开启Virtual Machine Platform和Windows Subsystem for Linux（WSL）
2. 在Win10的Settings里面开启Windows Insider Program的Slow模式（需要微软账户）
3. 检查并且更新Win10系统版本到新的版本
4. 打开Win10里面个人比较喜欢的命令行工具输入wsl --set-default-version 2来把默认的WSL版本升级到WSL2
5. 去Microsoft Store安装并且下载Ubuntu 18.04 app
6. 下载并且等到安装完毕就可以了

在Ubuntu 18.04安装TexLive 2019

这个过程安装稍微要长一点，保持耐心就好，步骤如下：

1. 到清华的开源软件镜像站下载TexLive的安装器https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/tlnet/install-tl.zip（如果你想下载完整版的.iso文件也可以的，我没有试过这个怎么安装的，请自行尝试）
2. 解压以后进入解压后的文件夹并执行这个命令来安装sudo ./install-tl -repository https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/tlnet/（在选项里面选择allow execution of restricted list of programs via write18和create all format files，然后选择set up for portable installation）
3. 等待一段时间后，安装好的TexLive在/usr/local/texlive这个目录
4. 安装字体配置器以备以后安装字体使用sudo apt install fontconfig
5. 如果需要配置字体，随时把想要的字体文件（.otf，.ttf等）拷贝到/usr/share/fonts下面，然后运行sudo fc-cache -f -v来扫描字体目录并生成字体信息的缓存

VS Code配置TexLive的运行环境并编译生成PDF文件

最后就可以来利用Ubuntu的TexLive环境来在VS Code里编译生成PDF文件了。下面着重讲讲VS Code的配置（对VS Code小白比较适用，高手勿喷）。

1. 首先要安装VS Code的扩展程序叫做Latex Workshop（VS Code运行Latex必须的扩展），安装完在VS Code最左边会看到一个Tex字样的图标
2. 点击这个Tex图标，然后按Ctrl+Shift+P来打开Preferences: Open Settings (JSON)，输入以下内容：

{
    "editor.wordWrap": "on",
    "workbench.startupEditor": "newUntitledFile",
    // 对应Clean up auxiliary files命令需要清楚的临时文件类型
    "latex-workshop.latex.clean.fileTypes": [
        "*.aux",
        "*.bbl",
        "*.blg",
        "*.bcf",
        "*.cut",
        "*.dvi",
        "*.idx",
        "*.ind",
        "*.lof",
        "*.lot",
        "*.out",
        "*.toc",
        "*.xml",
        "*.pdf",
        "*.acn",
        "*.acr",
        "*.alg",
        "*.glg",
        "*.glo",
        "*.gls",
        "*.ist",
        "*.fls",
        "*.log",
        "*.fdb_latexmk",
        "*.gz"
    ],
    // 这个viewer的配置好像不太需要，因为在对应的View Latex PDF命令里面可以选浏览方式
    "latex-workshop.view.pdf.viewer": "tab",
    // 重点：这决定了下面的recipes调用不同TeX命令具体的执行方式
    "latex-workshop.latex.tools": [
    {
        "name": "latex",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/latex",
            "-src",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "%DOCFILE%.tex"
        ]
    },        
    {
        "name": "pdflatex",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/pdflatex",
            "-synctex=1",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "-aux-directory=build",
            "%DOCFILE%.tex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "xelatex",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/xelatex",
            "-synctex=1",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "%DOCFILE%.tex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "lualatex",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/lualatex",
            "-synctex=1",
            "-interaction=nonstopmode",
            "%DOCFILE%.tex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "dvips",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/dvips",
            "-o",
            "%DOCFILE%.ps",
            "%DOCFILE%.dvi"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "dvipng",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/dvipng",
            "-T",
            "tight",
            "-D",
            "120",
            "%DOCFILE%.dvi"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "ps2pdf",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/ps2pdf",
            "%DOCFILE%.ps"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "dvipdf",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/dvipdfm",
            "%DOCFILE%.dvi"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "bibtex",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/bibtex",
            "%DOCFILE%.aux"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "biber",
        "command": "wsl",
        "args": [
            "-u",
            "YOUR LINUX USERNAME",
            "/absolute/path/to/your/biber",
            "%DOCFILE%.bcf"
        ]
    }
    ],
    // 这个会生成在Commands里面的recipe
    "latex-workshop.latex.recipes": [
    {
        "name": "latex",
        "tools": [
            "latex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "pdftex",
        "tools": [
            "pdflatex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "xelatex",
        "tools": [
            "xelatex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "luatex",
        "tools": [
            "lualatex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "dvips",
        "tools": [
            "dvips"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "dvipng",
        "tools": [
            "dvipng"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "ps2pdf",
        "tools": [
            "ps2pdf"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "dvipdf",
        "tools": [
            "dvipdf"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "bibtex",
        "tools": [
            "bibtex"
        ]
    },
    {
        "name": "biber",
        "tools": [
            "biber"
        ]
    }
    ]
}

至此环境已经准备完毕，重启以下VS Code，下面就是怎么打开你的Tex文件，然后点击刚才左侧的Tex图标，并且调出Commands窗口，在Build LaTeX Project下面的Recipe就可以利用不同的Tex命令来编译生成PDF文件了。纵观整个过程，这个settings.json的配置是重点。