微信公众号获取openid

Posted 2021-03-08 L12345

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方式一：通过网页授权的方式获取，前提是公众号已获得网页授权

公众号获得网页授权后，配置回调域名：

当用户点击某个菜单事件时，调用项目中的xxx.jsp或xxx.html文件（http://www.xxx.com/web/wx1.jsp），内容如下：

appid：公众号的:appid

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ include file="/commViews/taglib.jsp"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=2.0, user-scalable=yes" />
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
    window.location.href = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wx59f756xxxxxxx
　　　　&redirect_uri=http%3a%2f%2fwww.xxxx.com%2fweb%2fwx2.jsp  /*(http://www.xxxx.com/web/wx2.jsp)*/
　　　　&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATE&connect_redirect=1#wechat_redirect";

</script>
<body>
</body>
</html>

http://www.xxxx.com/web/wx2.jsp 获取到code后调用后台接口，通过code获取openid

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<%@ include file="/commViews/taglib.jsp" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=2.0, user-scalable=yes"/>
    <%@ include file="/commViews/head.jsp"%>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var is_weixin = (function () {
        return navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf(\'micromessenger\') !== -1
    })();
    var code = getUrlParam("code");
    console.log("code:" + code);
    $(function () {
        if (code != null) {

            $.ajax({
                url: "${ctx}appsite/wx/getOpenid",
                type: "get",
                dataType: \'text\',
                data: {code: code},
                success: function (openid) {
                    // alert(openid)
                },
                error: function (msg) {
                    console.log(msg);
                }
            });

        }

    });
</script>
<body>

</body>
</html>

后台获取openid的接口：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.xxx.xxx.wechat.util.HttpRequestUtil;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;


@Controller
@RequestMapping("/xxxx/wx")
public class AppWxController {

    @Autowired
    StxcContestUserService<StxcContestUser> stxcContestUserService;

    /**
     * 1 第一步：用户同意授权，获取code
     *
     * 2 第二步：通过code换取网页授权access_token
     *
     * 3 第三步：刷新access_token（如果需要）
     *
     * 4 第四步：拉取用户信息(需scope为 snsapi_userinfo)
     *
     * 5 附：检验授权凭证（access_token）是否有效
     *
     * code=CODE&state=STATE
     * https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code
     */

    /**
     * 通过code换取网页授权access_token
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return  access_token    网页授权接口调用凭证,注意：此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同
     *          expires_in    access_token接口调用凭证超时时间，单位（秒）
     *          refresh_token    用户刷新access_token
     *          openid    用户唯一标识，请注意，在未关注公众号时，用户访问公众号的网页，也会产生一个用户和公众号唯一的OpenID
     *          scope    用户授权的作用域，使用逗号（,）分隔
     */

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getOpenid",produces = "application/json; charset=utf-8")
    @ResponseBody
    public String getAccess_token(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,Map map){
        String code = request.getParameter("code");
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token";

        Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();

        params.put("appid","wx59f75xxxxxxxxxx");　　// 此处图方便直接将 appid,secret写在这里
        params.put("secret","a0ff75cf900489xxxxxxxxxxx");
        params.put("code",code);
        params.put("grant_type","authorization_code");
        String result = HttpRequestUtil.getInfoByNet(url,params,"POST","https",null);

        JSONObject json = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
        String openid = json.getString("openid");

        return openid;
    }

}


import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpRequestUtil {

    //请求地址，请求参数，请求方式，请求协议，携带参数
    public static String getInfoByNet(String url, Map<String,String> params,String requestMethod,String requestProtocol,String outputStr){
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        stringBuffer.append(url+"?");
        String result="";
        for (Map.Entry<String,String> arg:params.entrySet()){
            stringBuffer.append(arg.getKey()+"="+arg.getValue()+"&");
        }

        stringBuffer.deleteCharAt(stringBuffer.length() - 1);
        //System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        if(requestProtocol.equals("https")){
            result = httpsRequest(stringBuffer.toString(), requestMethod, outputStr);
            //System.out.println(result);
            return result;
        }else {
            result = httpRequest(stringBuffer.toString(), requestMethod, outputStr);
            //System.out.println(result);
            return result;
        }

    }
}

方式二：公众号未获得网页授权

登录公众号后配置如下：（可参考开发文档的 “入门指南”） https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Getting_Started_Guide.html

上面填写的Url 是自己项目中的接口，填写好后提交时公众号会发送一个GET请求到接口进行token验证。

注意：验证的时候接口必须是GET请求方式，接口是POST请求token会验证失败；等token验证成功后想把接口改为post请求也可以，

刚开始没注接口用的是post请求，token验证一直失败package com.cen.appsite.KpzsContest.controllerimport com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

import com.cen.appsite.wechat.util.HttpRequestUtil;
import org.aspectj.bridge.MessageUtil;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


@Controller
@RequestMapping("/xxxxx/wx")
public class KpzsWxController {

　　　　/*
　　　　　踩坑一：用post请求，token验证一直失败
　　　　*/
    //@RequestMapping(value = "/checkSignature", method = RequestMethod.POST)
　　　@RequestMapping(value = "/checkSignature", meghod = RequestMethod.GET)

　　　　/*
　　　　　　踩坑二：请求参数用这个，验证一直不通过

    　　　　public void checkSignature(@RequestParam("signature") String signature,
                              @RequestParam("timestamp") String timestamp,
                              @RequestParam("nonce") String nonce,
                              @RequestParam("echostr") String echostr,
                              HttpServletResponse response) {
　　　　*/
        public void checkSignature(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

        // xml请求解析
        Map<String, String> requestMap = null;
        try {
            requestMap = parseXml(request);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 发送方帐号（open_id），formUserName 即为想要获取的用户的openid
        String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
        // 公众帐号
        String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
        // 消息类型
        String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");
        String Event = requestMap.get("Event");
        String EventKey = requestMap.get("EventKey");

　　　　//回复用户消息 --图文消息
        String img = "<xml>\\n" +
                "<ToUserName><![CDATA["+fromUserName+"]]></ToUserName>\\n" +
                "<FromUserName><![CDATA["+toUserName+"]]></FromUserName>\\n" +
                "<CreateTime>"+new Date().getTime()+"</CreateTime>\\n" +
                "<MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>\\n" +
                "<ArticleCount>1</ArticleCount>\\n" +
                "<Articles>\\n" +
                "<item>\\n" +
                "<Title><![CDATA[2019“倡导绿色环保生活”科普知识挑战赛]]></Title>\\n" +
                "<Description><![CDATA[快来参与吧!]]></Description>\\n" +
                "<PicUrl><![CDATA[http://www.xxxx.com/resource/images/kpzs.png]]></PicUrl>\\n" +　　//图片路径
                "<Url><![CDATA[http://www.xxxx.com/web/kpzs_index.jsp?openid="+fromUserName+"]]></Url>\\n" +  // 当用户点击图文消息时想要跳转的链接
                "</item>\\n" +
                "</Articles>\\n" +
                "</xml>\\n";

　　　　　//回复用户消息 --纯文本
        String text = "<xml>\\n" +
                "  <ToUserName><![CDATA["+fromUserName+"]]></ToUserName>\\n" +
                "  <FromUserName><![CDATA["+toUserName+"]]></FromUserName>\\n" +
                "  <CreateTime>"+new Date().getTime()+"</CreateTime>\\n" +
                "  <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>\\n" +
                "  <Content><![CDATA[你好啊]]></Content>\\n" +
                "  <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>\\n" +
                "</xml>";

        try {
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            // 通过检验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败
            if (SignUtil.checkSignature(request.getParameter("signature"), request.getParameter("timestamp"), request.getParameter("nonce"))) {
　　　　　　　　　　//用户的所有消息都必须响应，否则用户会收到 “公众号服务存在故障”提示
                if(Event != null && Event.equals("CLICK")){　//用户点击（菜单）事件
                    out.print(img);
                }else{
                    out.print(text);
                }
            }
            out.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    public static Map<String, String> parseXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        // 将解析结果存储在HashMap中
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();

        // 从request中取得输入流
        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        // 读取输入流
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
        // 得到xml根元素
        Element root = document.getRootElement();
        // 得到根元素的所有子节点
        List<Element> elementList = root.elements();

        // 遍历所有子节点
        for (Element e : elementList)
            map.put(e.getName(), e.getText());

        // 释放资源
        inputStream.close();
        inputStream = null;
        return map;
    }

}

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpRequestUtil {

    //请求地址，请求参数，请求方式，请求协议，携带参数
    public static String getInfoByNet(String url, Map<String,String> params,String requestMethod,String requestProtocol,String outputStr){
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        stringBuffer.append(url+"?");
        String result="";
        for (Map.Entry<String,String> arg:params.entrySet()){
            stringBuffer.append(arg.getKey()+"="+arg.getValue()+"&");
        }

        stringBuffer.deleteCharAt(stringBuffer.length() - 1);
        //System.out.println(stringBuffer);
        if(requestProtocol.equals("https")){
            result = httpsRequest(stringBuffer.toString(), requestMethod, outputStr);
            //System.out.println(result);
            return result;
        }else {
            result = httpRequest(stringBuffer.toString(), requestMethod, outputStr);
            //System.out.println(result);
            return result;
        }

    }
}

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