使用rsync和硬链接的Linux备份脚本

Posted 2021-02-24

This script will do a daily backup of directories. If the files has not changed then it creates a hard-link to the file. If the file has changed then it will copy the new file. The backup is not much larger than the directories being backed up.

#!/bin/bash
#This scrip is used for backing up SPCSERV. It will make a full backup and six incremental
#backups. This adds the date to the begining of the file's name. To recover data from the backup
#just go directly to the date you want to recover from and copy that file to another location.
 
## Make the following entry into the crontab -e. The only part the will need to be changed is where the
# rsync.sh file resides. For this example the rsync.sh file is in the /srv/ directory.
# 0 1 * * * /srv/rsync.sh 1>>/var/log/backup.log 2>>/var/log/backup.log
 
 
####### Backup Directory Variable ##########
bkdir=/mnt/intbackup/spcserv            #to save the backup somewhere else.
 
## DO NOT CHANGE THESE ENTRIES. Change the above bkdir entry to change the location of where the backup is saved.
tstamp=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)       #Timestamp used for naming files.
bkdir0=${bkdir}/${tstamp}_backup.0/     #This starts the naming convention. It sets the name and directory for the current backup.
beforetstmp="$(date +%s)"               #Used to calculate the amount of time the backup process took.
 
 
#### DO NOT CHANGE THESE ENTRIES. ####
###### This section is used to move the backup files #######
# This gets the name for each backup so that it can be moved. Since the backups' name is constantly changing
# we need a way of getting the current name for each file.
bkup0=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.0`               #This gets the name of backup.0 so it can be moved to backup.1
bkup1=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.1`               #This gets the name of backup.1 so it can be moved to backup.2
bkup2=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.2`               #This gets the name of backup.2 so it can be moved to backup.3
bkup3=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.3`               #This gets the name of backup.3 so it can be moved to backup.4
bkup4=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.4`               #This gets the name of backup.4 so it can be moved to backup.5
bkup5=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.5`               #This gets the name of backup.5 so it can be moved to backup.6
bkup6=`ls $bkdir | grep backup.6`               #This gets the name of backup.6 so it can be moved to backup.tmp; which will
                                                #be moved to backup.0. We recycle this directory to reduce the amount of time
                                                #rsync has to run.
 
#### DO NOT CHANGE THESE ENTRIES. ####
## This sripts the ending digit so that file can be incremented to the next digit.
bkupStrp0=`echo ${bkup0} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 0 from backup.0
bkupStrp1=`echo ${bkup1} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 1 from backup.1
bkupStrp2=`echo ${bkup2} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 2 from backup.2
bkupStrp3=`echo ${bkup3} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 3 from backup.3
bkupStrp4=`echo ${bkup4} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 4 from backup.4
bkupStrp5=`echo ${bkup5} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 5 from backup.5
bkupStrp6=`echo ${bkup6} | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'`              #This removes the ending digit 6 from backup.6
 
 
#### DO NOT CHANGE THESE ENTRIES. ####
###### This section is where we start moving the file and renaming them. ######
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup6} ${bkdir}/backup.tmp                #This moves backup.6 to backup.tmp
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup5} ${bkdir}/${bkupStrp5}.6            #This moves backup.5 to backup.6
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup4} ${bkdir}/${bkupStrp4}.5            #This moves backup.4 to backup.5
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup3} ${bkdir}/${bkupStrp3}.4            #This moves backup.3 to backup.4
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup2} ${bkdir}/${bkupStrp2}.3            #This moves backup.2 to backup.3
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup1} ${bkdir}/${bkupStrp1}.2            #This moves backup.1 to backup.2
mv ${bkdir}/${bkup0} ${bkdir}/${bkupStrp0}.1            #This moves backup.0 to backup.1
mv ${bkdir}/backup.tmp ${bkdir0}                        #This moves backup.tmp to backup.0
 
 
###### This section is responsible for syncing all of the directories you want backed up to the backup directory. ########
## Edit this section if you want to add other directories to the backup. Here I am backing up 3 directories.
## When adding directories to this section do not use a trailing / after the directory's name.
## Example:  rsync -a --delete --link-dest=/srv/bkup/${bkupStrp0}.1 /srv/Share /etc /home ${bkdir0}
#rsync -a --delete --link-dest=${bkdir}/${bkupStrp0}.1 /etc /srv /home /var /ldaphome ${bkdir0}
rsync -a --delete --link-dest=${bkdir}/${bkupStrp0}.1 /etc /var /home /srv /ldaphome /ldap_data ${bkdir0}
 
# Calculate the time the whole backup process took
aftertstmp="$(date +%s)"
elapsed="$(expr $aftertstmp - $beforetstmp)"
hours=$(($elapsed / 3600))
elapsed=$(($elapsed - $hours * 3600))
minutes=$(($elapsed / 60))
seconds=$(($elapsed - $minutes * 60))
 
# echo "
"
endtstamp=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S)       #Timestamp used for naming files.
##### Make an entry in the log file that the backup ran successfully #####
echo ${tstamp} Backup ran successfully. The backup process took: ${hours} hours ${minutes} minutes ${seconds} seconds to complete.
echo The backup ended at ${endtstamp}