redis数据结构之RedisObject详解
Posted _瞳孔
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Redis中的任意数据类型的键和值都会被封装为一个RedisObject,也叫做Redis对象,源码如下:
typedef struct redisObject
unsigned type:4;
unsigned encoding:4;
unsigned lru:LRU_BITS; /* LRU time (relative to global lru_clock) or
* LFU data (least significant 8 bits frequency
* and most significant 16 bits access time). */
int refcount;
void *ptr;
robj;
各成员介绍如下:
- type:对象类型,分别是string、hash、list、set和zset,占4个bit位
- encoding: 底层编码方式,共有11种,占4个bit位
- lru:lru表示该对象最后一次被访问的时间,其占用24个bit位。便于判断空闲时间太久的key
- refcount:对象引用计数器,redis对象被创建完后,每被引用一次,则refcount加一,每释放一次引用则减一,计数器为0则说明对象无人引用,可以被回收
- ptr:指针,指向存放实际数据的空间
其中redis的对象类型如下:
/* A redis object, that is a type able to hold a string / list / set */
#define OBJ_STRING 0 /* String object. */
#define OBJ_LIST 1 /* List object. */
#define OBJ_SET 2 /* Set object. */
#define OBJ_ZSET 3 /* Sorted set object. */
#define OBJ_HASH 4 /* Hash object. */
/* The "module" object type is a special one that signals that the object
* is one directly managed by a Redis module. In this case the value points
* to a moduleValue struct, which contains the object value (which is only
* handled by the module itself) and the RedisModuleType struct which lists
* function pointers in order to serialize, deserialize, AOF-rewrite and
* free the object.
*
* Inside the RDB file, module types are encoded as OBJ_MODULE followed
* by a 64 bit module type ID, which has a 54 bits module-specific signature
* in order to dispatch the loading to the right module, plus a 10 bits
* encoding version. */
#define OBJ_MODULE 5 /* Module object. */
#define OBJ_STREAM 6 /* Stream object. */
/* Extract encver / signature from a module type ID. */
#define REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER_BITS 10
#define REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER_MASK ((1<<REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER_BITS)-1)
#define REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER(id) (id & REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER_MASK)
#define REDISMODULE_TYPE_SIGN(id) ((id & ~((uint64_t)REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER_MASK)) >>REDISMODULE_TYPE_ENCVER_BITS)
其中encoding的编码方式具体为如下:
/* Objects encoding. Some kind of objects like Strings and Hashes can be
* internally represented in multiple ways. The 'encoding' field of the object
* is set to one of this fields for this object. */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_RAW 0 /* Raw representation */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_INT 1 /* Encoded as integer */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_HT 2 /* Encoded as hash table */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPMAP 3 /* Encoded as zipmap */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_LINKEDLIST 4 /* No longer used: old list encoding. */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_ZIPLIST 5 /* Encoded as ziplist */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_INTSET 6 /* Encoded as intset */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_SKIPLIST 7 /* Encoded as skiplist */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR 8 /* Embedded sds string encoding */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_QUICKLIST 9 /* Encoded as linked list of ziplists */
#define OBJ_ENCODING_STREAM 10 /* Encoded as a radix tree of listpacks */
翻译成中文就是这样:
一个type占4bit,encoding占4bit,lru占24bit,refcount占4B,ptr占8B,因此redis对象的头部需要占16B
因此,加入redis存入十个字符串,那么需要存入十个redis对象头和十个SDS,160B就被浪费掉了,但如果十个字符串弄成list存进去,就可以节省144B空间,因此有大量数据存储的时候,往往推荐使用list等类型保存而不是字符串。
redis会根据存储的数据类型不同,选择不同的编码方式,每种数据类型使用的编码方式如下:
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