21-Kubernetes-Service详解-Service使用
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Service使用
前言
- 本篇来学习Service使用
Service使用
实验准备
在使用service之前,首先利用Deployment创建出3个pod,注意要为pod设置app=nginx-pod
的标签
创建deployment.yaml,内容如下:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: pc-deployment
namespace: dev
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-pod
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.17.1
ports:
- containerPort: 80
# 创建pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/pc-deployment created
# 查看pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n dev -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
pc-deployment-6696798b78-jhkpr 1/1 Running 0 7m58s 10.244.2.54 node3 <none> <none> app=nginx-pod,pod-template-hash=6696798b78
pc-deployment-6696798b78-k8snv 1/1 Running 0 7m58s 10.244.3.64 node2 <none> <none> app=nginx-pod,pod-template-hash=6696798b78
pc-deployment-6696798b78-kcc2h 1/1 Running 0 7m58s 10.244.3.63 node2 <none> <none> app=nginx-pod,pod-template-hash=6696798b78
# 为了方便后面的测试,修改下三台nginx的index.html页面(三台修改的IP地址不一致)
# kubectl exec -it pc-deployment-6696798b78-jhkpr -n dev /bin/sh
echo "10.244.2.54" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
# kubectl exec -it pc-deployment-6696798b78-k8snv -n dev /bin/sh
echo "10.244.3.64" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
# kubectl exec -it pc-deployment-6696798b78-kcc2h -n dev /bin/sh
echo "10.244.3.63" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
#修改完毕之后,访问测试
[root@master ~]# curl 10.244.2.54
10.244.2.54
[root@master ~]# curl 10.244.3.64
10.244.3.64
[root@master ~]# curl 10.244.3.63
10.244.3.63
ClusterIP类型的Service
- 创建service-clusterip.yaml文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: service-clusterip
namespace: dev
spec:
selector:
app: nginx-pod
clusterIP: 10.97.97.97 # service的ip地址,如果不写,默认会生成一个
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 80 # Service端口
targetPort: 80 # pod端口
# 创建service
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f service-clusterip.yaml
service/service-clusterip created
# 查看service
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n dev -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service-clusterip ClusterIP 10.97.97.97 <none> 80/TCP 7s app=nginx-pod
# 查看service的详细信息
# 在这里有一个Endpoints列表,里面就是当前service可以负载到的服务入口
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc service-clusterip -n dev
Name: service-clusterip
Namespace: dev
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=nginx-pod
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.97.97.97
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.2.54:80,10.244.3.63:80,10.244.3.64:80
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
# 查看ipvs的映射规则
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.97.97.97:80 rr
-> 10.244.2.54:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.3.63:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.3.64:80 Masq 1 0 0
# 访问10.97.97.97:80观察效果
[root@master ~]# curl 10.97.97.97:80
10.244.3.64
Endpoint
Endpoint是kubernetes中的一个资源对象,存储在etcd中,用来记录一个service对应的所有pod的访问地址,它是根据service配置文件中selector描述产生的。
一个Service由一组Pod组成,这些Pod通过Endpoints暴露出来,Endpoints是实现实际服务的端点集合。换句话说,service和pod之间的联系是通过endpoints实现的。
负载分发策略
对Service的访问被分发到了后端的Pod上去,目前kubernetes提供了两种负载分发策略:
-
如果不定义,默认使用kube-proxy的策略,比如随机、轮询
-
基于客户端地址的会话保持模式,即来自同一个客户端发起的所有请求都会转发到固定的一个Pod上
此模式可以使在spec中添加
sessionAffinity:ClientIP
选项
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
nginx 10.244.3.62:80 12d
service-clusterip 10.244.2.54:80,10.244.3.63:80,10.244.3.64:80 15m
# 查看ipvs的映射规则(rr 轮询)
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.97.97.97:80 rr
-> 10.244.2.54:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.3.63:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.3.64:80 Masq 1 0 0
# 循环访问测试
[root@master ~]# while true;do curl 10.97.97.97:80; sleep 5; done;
10.244.3.63
10.244.2.54
10.244.3.64
10.244.3.63
10.244.2.54
10.244.3.64
10.244.3.63
# 删除service
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f service-clusterip.yaml
service "service-clusterip" deleted
# 修改分发策略 添加 sessionAffinity:ClientIP
[root@master ~]# vim service-clusterip.yaml
# 重新创建
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f service-clusterip.yaml
service/service-clusterip created
# 查看ipvs规则【persistent 代表持久】
[root@master ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.97.97.97:80 rr persistent 10800
-> 10.244.2.54:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.3.63:80 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.3.64:80 Masq 1 0 0
# 循环访问测试
[root@master ~]# while true;do curl 10.97.97.97; sleep 5; done;
10.244.3.64
10.244.3.64
10.244.3.64
10.244.3.64
# 删除service
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f service-clusterip.yaml
service "service-clusterip" deleted
HeadLiness类型的Service
在某些场景中,开发人员可能不想使用Service提供的负载均衡功能,而希望自己来控制负载均衡策略,针对这种情况,kubernetes提供了HeadLiness Service,这类Service不会分配Cluster IP,如果想要访问service,只能通过service的域名进行查询。
- 创建service-headliness.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: service-headliness
namespace: dev
spec:
selector:
app: nginx-pod
clusterIP: None # 将clusterIP设置为None,即可创建headliness Service
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
# 创建service
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f service-headliness.yaml
service/service-headliness created
# 获取service, 发现CLUSTER-IP未分配
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc service-headliness -n dev -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service-headliness ClusterIP None <none> 80/TCP 45m app=nginx-pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc service-headliness -n dev
Name: service-headliness
Namespace: dev
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Selector: app=nginx-pod
Type: ClusterIP
IP: None
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.2.54:80,10.244.3.63:80,10.244.3.64:80
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n dev
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pc-deployment-6696798b78-jhkpr 1/1 Running 0 112m
pc-deployment-6696798b78-k8snv 1/1 Running 0 112m
pc-deployment-6696798b78-kcc2h 1/1 Running 0 112m
# 查看域名的解析情况
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it pc-deployment-6696798b78-jhkpr -n dev /bin/sh
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.96.0.10
search dev.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local
options ndots:5
# exit
[root@master ~]# dig @10.96.0.10 service-headliness.dev.svc.cluster.local
service-headliness.dev.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 10.244.3.63
service-headliness.dev.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 10.244.2.54
service-headliness.dev.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN A 10.244.3.64
NodePort类型的Service
在之前的样例中,创建的Service的ip地址只有集群内部才可以访问,如果希望将Service暴露给集群外部使用,那么就要使用到另外一种类型的Service,称为NodePort类型。NodePort的工作原理其实就是将service的端口映射到Node的一个端口上,然后就可以通过NodeIp:NodePort
来访问service了。
- 创建service-nodeport.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: service-nodeport
namespace: dev
spec:
selector:
app: nginx-pod
type: NodePort # service类型
ports:
- port: 80
nodePort: 30002 # 指定绑定的node的端口(默认的取值范围是:30000-32767), 如果不指定,会默认分配
targetPort: 80
# 创建service
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f service-nodeport.yaml
service/service-nodeport created
# 查看service
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n dev -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
service-nodeport NodePort 10.102.253.49 <none> 80:30002/TCP 7s app=nginx-pod
# 接下来可以通过电脑主机的浏览器去访问集群中任意一个nodeip的30002端口,即可访问到pod
http://192.168.96.100:30002/
LoadBalancer类型的Service
LoadBalancer和NodePort很相似,目的都是向外部暴露一个端口,区别在于LoadBalancer会在集群的外部再来做一个负载均衡设备,而这个设备需要外部环境支持的,外部服务发送到这个设备上的请求,会被设备负载之后转发到集群中。
ExternalName类型的Service
ExternalName类型的Service用于引入集群外部的服务,它通过externalName
属性指定外部一个服务的地址,然后在集群内部访问此service就可以访问到外部的服务了。
- 创建service-externalname.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: service-externalname
namespace: dev
spec:
type: ExternalName # service类型
externalName: www.baidu.com #改成ip地址也可以
# 创建service
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f service-externalname.yaml
service/service-externalname created
# 查看service
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc service-externalname -n dev
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service-externalname ExternalName <none> www.baidu.com <none> 2m7s
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe svc service-externalname -n dev
Name: service-externalname
Namespace: dev
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Selector: <none>
Type: ExternalName
IP:
External Name: www.baidu.com
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
# 域名解析
[root@master ~]# dig @10.96.0.10 service-externalname.dev.svc.cluster.local
service-externalname.dev.svc.cluster.local. 30 IN CNAME www.baidu.com.
www.baidu.com. 30 IN CNAME www.a.shifen.com.
www.a.shifen.com. 30 IN A 110.242.68.4
www.a.shifen.com. 30 IN A 110.242.68.3
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