玩转华为ENSP模拟器系列 | 配置BFD for OSPF特性示例
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目标
介绍BFD for OSPF的配置过程,能够快速检测到故障并通告给OSPF协议,使业务流量使用备份链路传送。
组网需求
OSPF通过周期性的向邻居发送Hello报文来实现邻居检测,检测到故障所需时间比较长,超过1秒钟。随着科技的发展,语音、视频及其它点播业务应用广泛,而这些业务对于丢包和延时非常敏感,当数据达到吉比特速率级时,较长的检测时间会导致大量数据丢失,无法满足电信级网络高可靠性的需求。通过配置BFD for OSPF特性,可以快速检测链路的状态,故障检测时间可以达到毫秒级,提高链路状态变化时OSPF的收敛速度。
例如,如图1所示。网络部署为主/备链路,主链路为DeviceA→DeviceB,备链路为DeviceA→DeviceC→DeviceB。正常情况下,业务流量在主链路上传送。当主链路故障时,用户希望能够快速感知,及时把业务流量切换到备份链路上。
此时,可以配置BFD for OSPF功能,使用BFD检测DeviceA和DeviceB之间的OSPF邻居关系,当DeviceA和DeviceB之间的链路发生故障时,BFD能够快速检测到故障并通告给OSPF协议,使业务流量切换到备份链路上传送。
配置思路
- 在各路由器上配置OSPF基本功能,实现互连。
- 使能全局BFD特性。
- 在DeviceA和DeviceB上使能OSPF BFD检测机制。
操作步骤
- 配置各路由器接口的IP地址(略)
- 配置OSPF基本功能
配置DeviceA。
DeviceA:
router id 1.1.1.1
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
配置DeviceB。
DeviceB:
router id 2.2.2.2
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
配置DeviceC。
DeviceC:
router id 3.3.3.3
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
配置完成后,执行display ospf peer命令,可以看到DeviceA与DeviceB、DeviceB和DeviceC之间都建立了邻居关系。以DeviceA的显示结果为例。
[~DeviceA]dis ospf peer
(M) Indicates MADJ neighbor
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.1
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 3.3.3.1 (Eth1/0/0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 2.2.2.2 Address: 3.3.3.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1
DR: 3.3.3.1 BDR: 3.3.3.2 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 38 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00h01m44s
Neighbor Up Time : 2019-12-20 14:25:31
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 1.1.1.1 (Eth1/0/1)'s neighbors
Router ID: 3.3.3.3 Address: 1.1.1.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 1.1.1.1 BDR: 1.1.1.2 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 39 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00h00m43s
Neighbor Up Time : 2019-12-20 14:26:32
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
OSPF Process 65534 with Router ID 128.1.138.137
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 128.1.138.137 (Eth1/0/1.4094)'s neighbors
Router ID: 128.1.138.139 Address: 128.1.138.139
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 38 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00h05m14s
Neighbor Up Time : 2019-12-20 14:22:02
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 128.1.138.137 (DCN-Serial1/0/1:0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 128.1.138.139 Address: 128.1.138.139
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 31 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00h05m02s
Neighbor Up Time : 2019-12-20 14:22:14
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 128.1.138.137 (DCN-Serial1/0/0:0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 128.1.138.138 Address: 128.1.138.138
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 39 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00h04m37s
Neighbor Up Time : 2019-12-20 14:22:40
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
[~DeviceA]
查看DeviceA的OSPF路由表的信息,应该有去往DeviceB和DeviceC的路由表项,去往172.16.1.0/24的路由下一跳地址为3.3.3.2,流量在主链路DeviceA→DeviceB上传输。
[~DeviceA] dis ospf routing
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.1
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
1.1.1.0/24 1 Direct 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.1 0.0.0.0
2.2.2.0/24 2 Transit 1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
2.2.2.0/24 2 Transit 3.3.3.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
3.3.3.0/24 1 Direct 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.1 0.0.0.0
172.16.1.1/32 1 Stub 3.3.3.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 4
Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
OSPF Process 65534 with Router ID 128.1.138.137
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
128.1.138.137/32 0 Direct 128.1.138.137 128.1.138.137 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.138/32 100 Stub 128.1.138.138 128.1.138.138 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.139/32 100 Stub 128.1.138.139 128.1.138.139 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.139/32 100 Stub 128.1.138.139 128.1.138.139 0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 3
Intra Area: 3 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
[~DeviceA]
[~DeviceA]
- 配置OSPF BFD
在DeviceA上使能全局BFD特性。
DeviceA:
bfd
ospf 1
bfd all-interfaces enable
在DeviceB上使能全局BFD特性。
DeviceB:
bfd
ospf 1
bfd all-interfaces enable
在DeviceC上使能全局BFD特性。
DeviceC:
bfd
ospf 1
bfd all-interfaces enable
配置完成后,在DeviceA或DeviceB、DeviceC上执行display ospf bfd session all命令,可以看到BFDState的状态为Up。
以DeviceA的显示为例。
[~DeviceA]dis ospf bfd session all
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.1
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 3.3.3.1 (Eth1/0/0)'s BFD Sessions
NeighborId:2.2.2.2 AreaId:0.0.0.0 Interface:Eth1/0/0
BFDState:Up rx :10 tx :10
Multiplier:3 BFD Local Dis:16385 LocalIpAdd:3.3.3.1
RemoteIpAdd:3.3.3.2 Diagnostic Info:No diagnostic information
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 1.1.1.1 (Eth1/0/1)'s BFD Sessions
NeighborId:3.3.3.3 AreaId:0.0.0.0 Interface:Eth1/0/1
BFDState:Up rx :10 tx :10
Multiplier:3 BFD Local Dis:16386 LocalIpAdd:1.1.1.1
RemoteIpAdd:1.1.1.2 Diagnostic Info:No diagnostic information
[~DeviceA]
- 配置接口的BFD特性
在DeviceA的ethe1/0/0接口上配置BFD特性,并指定最小发送和接收间隔为500ms,本地检测时间倍数为4。
DeviceA:
interface Ethernet1/0/0
ospf bfd enable
ospf bfd min-tx-interval 500 min-rx-interval 500 detect-multiplier 4
在DeviceB的ethe1/0/1接口上配置BFD特性,并指定最小发送和接收间隔为500ms,本地检测时间倍数为4。
DeviceB:
interface Ethernet1/0/1
ospf bfd enable
ospf bfd min-tx-interval 500 min-rx-interval 500 detect-multiplier 4
配置完成后,在DeviceA或DeviceB上执行display ospf bfd session all命令,最小发送和接收间隔被修改为500ms,本地检测时间倍数被修改为4。
以DeviceB的显示为例。
[~DeviceB-Ethernet1/0/1]dis ospf bfd session all
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 2.2.2.2 (Eth1/0/0)'s BFD Sessions
NeighborId:3.3.3.3 AreaId:0.0.0.0 Interface:Eth1/0/0
BFDState:Up rx :10 tx :10
Multiplier:3 BFD Local Dis:16385 LocalIpAdd:2.2.2.2
RemoteIpAdd:2.2.2.1 Diagnostic Info:Control Detection Time Expired
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 3.3.3.2 (Eth1/0/1)'s BFD Sessions
NeighborId:3.3.3.1 AreaId:0.0.0.0 Interface:Eth1/0/1
BFDState:Up rx :500 tx :500
Multiplier:4 BFD Local Dis:16386 LocalIpAdd:3.3.3.2
RemoteIpAdd:3.3.3.1 Diagnostic Info:Control Detection Time Expired
[~DeviceB-Ethernet1/0/1]
- 检查配置结果
对DeviceB的ethe1/0/1接口执行shutdown命令,模拟主链路故障。
[~DeviceB-Ethernet1/0/1]shut
[*DeviceB-Ethernet1/0/1]commit
在路由器DeviceA上,查看路由表。可以看出,在主链路失效后,备份链路DeviceA-DeviceC-DeviceB生效,去往172.16.1.0/24的路由下一跳地址为1.1.1.2。
[~DeviceA-Ethernet1/0/0]dis ospf routing
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.1
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
1.1.1.0/24 1 Direct 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.1 0.0.0.0
2.2.2.0/24 2 Transit 1.1.1.2 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
3.3.3.0/24 1 Direct 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.1 0.0.0.0
172.16.1.1/32 2 Stub 1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 4
Intra Area: 4 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
OSPF Process 65534 with Router ID 128.1.138.137
Routing Tables
Routing for Network
Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area
128.1.138.137/32 0 Direct 128.1.138.137 128.1.138.137 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.138/32 200 Stub 128.1.138.139 128.1.138.138 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.138/32 200 Stub 128.1.138.139 128.1.138.138 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.139/32 100 Stub 128.1.138.139 128.1.138.139 0.0.0.0
128.1.138.139/32 100 Stub 128.1.138.139 128.1.138.139 0.0.0.0
Total Nets: 3
Intra Area: 3 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0
[~DeviceA-Ethernet1/0/0]
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