C++中的结构体案例练习和引用传递和值传递

Posted 2022-04-22 肥学

先来说一下结构体的一些例子

包含创建结构体和初始化操作

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct User 
	char name[20];
	char sex[5];
	int age;

;

struct Student 
	string name;
	int age;
	int score;

stu;//第三种


int main() 

	struct User u1;
	strcpy_s(u1.name,"肥学");
	u1.age = 12;
	strcpy_s(u1.sex,"男");
	
	cout << "name:" << u1.name << "age:" << u1.age << "sex:" << u1.sex << endl;
	struct Student s;
	s.name = "鸣人";
	s.age = 20;
	s.score = 80;
	cout << "name:" <<s.name << " age:" << s.age << " sex:" << s.score << endl;

	struct Student s2= "pte",20,56 ;
	cout << "name:" << s2.name << " age:" << s2.age << " sex:" << s2.score << endl;

	struct User u2 =  "pter","男",20 ;
	cout << "name:" << u2.name << " age:" << u2.age << " sex:" << u2.sex << endl;

结构体的的一些操作

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

struct Friend
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
;


struct User 
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
	struct Friend f;
;


void addFriend(User* u) 
	Friend f =  "fei",20,"men" ;
	u->f = f;



void addF2(User& u) 
	Friend f =  "xue",20,"men" ;
	u.f = f;



int main() 
	//结构体数组
	/*User arru[5];
	arru[0] =  "pter",20,"men" ;

	cout << arru[0].name << endl;*/
	//结构体指针
	/*
	User u =  "pter",20,"men" ;
	User *p = &u;
	cout << p->name << endl;*/

	//嵌套结构体
	/*
	User u;
	Friend f =  "pter",20,"men" ;
	u =  "hello",20,"men",f ;
	cout << u.name << "  " << u.f.name << endl;*/

	//***结构体做函数的参数***
	//地址传递
	cout << "地址传递" << endl;
	User u =  "pter",20,"men" ;
	cout << "myname:" << u.name << "   fname:" << u.f.name << endl;
	addFriend(&u);
	cout << "myname:" << u.name << "   fname:" << u.f.name << endl;

	//引用传递
	cout << "引用传递" << endl;
	User u2 =  "ppt",20,"men" ;
	cout << "myname:" << u2.name << "   fname:" << u2.f.name << endl;
	addF2(u2);
	cout << "myname:" << u2.name << "   fname:" << u2.f.name << endl;

结构体的const

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;


struct User 
	const string name;//感觉像Java  private
	const int age;
	const string sex;
;

void printInfo(const User* u) 
	
	cout << u->name<<"  " << u->age <<"  " <<u->sex << endl;


int main() 

	User u =  "肥学",20,"男" ;
	printInfo(&u);

案例练习

给每位老师分配几位学生

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;

typedef struct Student 
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
S;

typedef struct Teacher 
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
	S sarray[5];
T;

void assignment(T* tarray,int len) 
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) 
		cout << "请输入老师姓名：" ;
		cin >> tarray[i].name;
		cout << "请输入年龄:";
		cin >> tarray[i].age;
		cout << "请输入性别：";
		cin >> tarray[i].sex;
		for (int s = 0; s < 2; s++) //为了操作方便就输入两位学生信息
			cout << "请输入学生姓名：";
			cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].name;
			//cout << "请输入学生年龄:";
			//cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].age;
			tarray[i].sarray[s].age = rand() % 18 + 8;
			cout << "请输入学生性别：";
			cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].sex;
		

	



void printInfo(T* tarray,int tnum) 
	cout << "信息展示：\\n" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < tnum; i++) 
		cout << "老师姓名："<<tarray[i].name<<endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) 
			cout << "    学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].name << endl;
			cout << "    学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].age << endl;
			cout << "    学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].sex << endl;
		

	



int main() 
	//随机种子
	srand((unsigned int )time (NULL));

	T tarray[3];
	int tnum = sizeof(tarray) / sizeof(tarray[0]);
	assignment(tarray,tnum);
	printInfo(tarray, tnum);

案例练习2

对每个员工的工资进赋值，然后对工资排序输出

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;

struct staff 
	string name;
	int salary;

;

void initStaff(staff* sarray,int len) 
	string nameseed = "ABCDE";
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) 
		int r = rand() % 10000 + 3000;
		string n = "user_";
		string name = n + nameseed[i];
		staff s = name,r ;
		sarray[i] = s;
	



void printInfo(staff* sarray, int len) 

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) 
		cout << "姓名：" << sarray[i].name << "  工资：" << sarray[i].salary << endl;
	


void sortSalary(staff* sarray,int len) 
	for (int i = len-1; i >0; i--) 
		for (int j = len-1; j >= len-i; j--) 
			staff maxsalary;
			if (sarray[j].salary > sarray[j - 1].salary) 
				maxsalary = sarray[j];
				sarray[j] = sarray[j - 1];
				sarray[j - 1] = maxsalary;
			
		
	




int main() 
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	staff sarray[5];
	int snum = (sizeof(sarray)) / sizeof(sarray[0]);
	initStaff(sarray, snum);
	printInfo(sarray, snum);
	sortSalary(sarray, snum);
	cout << "\\n\\n按工资排序后:\\n" << endl;
	printInfo(sarray, snum);