mysql 中int类型字段unsigned和signed的探索

Posted 2020-09-01 Leon

转自：http://www.0791quanquan.com/news_keji/topic_816453/

探索一：正负数问题

拿tinyint字段来举例，unsigned后，字段的取值范围是0-255，而signed的范围是-128 - 127。 那么如果我们在明确不需要负值存在的情况下，通常是不要设置signed来支持负数的。 因为只支持正数会让存储空间大一倍呢（当然我这种表达可能不准确）。 假设我们使用tinyint来存储一些状态值。 0表示删除，1表示待付款，2表示已付款，3...。 突然来个需求要加订单取消，一些有代码洁癖的人就想，那就将定义为：-1表示取消吧。 但是就因为有了-1，我们说起来应该可以从0存到255的，结果就变为了0-127。 所以一般情况下，我们不建议这样设置

  字段设置为unsigned后有一个问题是：

当select a - b from t时，a为10，b为12，那么这时就会出现异常情况：ERROR 1690 (22003): BIGINT UNSIGNED value is out of range in \'(`test`.`t`.`a` - `test`.`t`.`b`)\'

所以注意这种情况即可

探索二：性能问题

严格讲，在性能上是有细微的差别的。 unsigned的性能更好，当只存储正整数的情况下。 因为，当unsigned时，假设查询值在500以下的数据，那么mysql会将范围定义为：0-500，而如果是signed，则查询范围为：-2147483648 - 500。 参考文章：http://rakesh.sankar-b.com/2010/08/25/mysql-unsigned-int-to-signed-int-performance-tips-index/

里面讲到：

Let’s say you want to know the list of customers who have purchased an item of quantity 500 or less. Following is the query you might be used to get these results:

SELECT *
FROM customer
WHERE quantity <= 500

Cool, the above query will yield you the list of customers who have purchased an item of quantity 500 or less. Right, what is the big deal, it should return fast, but consider when you have a table with millions of records then this query might be slow in returning you the results.

Yes, that is true, you can always add an “ index ” to the “quantity” field and improve the performance – exactly, this should improve the performance of processing the query much better than without an “index”.

Without “unsigned”:
Process flow, since the quantity field is an “ int ” and you have an  index  of this field, MySQL  will define the range as  -2147483648 to 500  and it will get the result based on this range.

With “unsigned”:
Process flow, since the quantity field is an “ int ” with “ unsigned ” and you have an index of this field,  MySQL  will define the range as  0 to 500  and it will get the result based on this range.

Now compare the difference yourself and tell me, for sure it will improve the performance of the your query. Since we know we never store any negative (signed values) in the quantity field and the default behavior of “ int ” is “ signed “, it’s always better to write a full-syntax while creating a table.

总的说来，设置unsigned最大的差异是字段取值范围的变化。 所以基于这点来对字段的unsigned或者signed是比较明智的决定

以上

参考文献：

http://verysimple.com/2006/10/22/mysql-data-type-optimization-tips/

http://rakesh.sankar-b.com/2010/08/25/mysql-unsigned-int-to-signed-int-performance-tips-index/

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/numeric-type-overview.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/blankqdb/archive/2012/11/03/blank_qdb.html