电商数仓sqoop

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1、sqoop安装

1.1、下载并解压

sqoop官网地址:http://sqoop.apache.org

下载地址:http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/sqoop/1.4.6/

解压sqoop安装包到指定目录,如:

tar -zxf sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz -C /opt/module/

修改文件夹名称:

mv sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/ sqoop

1.2、修改配置文件

进入到/opt/module/sqoop/conf目录,重命名配置文件

mv sqoop-env-template.sh sqoop-env.sh

修改配置文件内容

vim sqoop-env.sh

增加如下内容

export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.5.7
export ZOOCFGDIR=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.5.7/conf

进入到/opt/software/路径,拷贝jdbc驱动到sqoop的lib目录下。

cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar /opt/module/sqoop/lib/

1.3、验证sqoop

我们可以通过某一个command来验证sqoop配置是否正确:

bin/sqoop help

测试Sqoop是否能够成功连接数据库

bin/sqoop list-databases --connect jdbc:mysql://h103:3310/ --username root --password 123456

1.4、Sqoop基本使用

通过sqoop --help查看语法格式,例如:将mysql中user_info表数据导入到HDFS的/test路径

bin/sqoop import \\
--connect jdbc:mysql://h103:3310/gmall \\
--username root \\
--password 123456 \\
--table user_info \\
--columns id,login_name \\
--where "id>=10 and id<=30" \\
--target-dir /test \\
--delete-target-dir \\
--fields-terminated-by '\\t' \\
--num-mappers 2 \\
--split-by id

等价于

bin/sqoop import \\
--connect jdbc:mysql://h103:3310/gmall \\
--username root \\
--password 123456 \\
--query 'select id,login_name from user_info where id>=10 and id<=30 and $CONDITIONS' \\
--target-dir /test \\
--delete-target-dir \\
--fields-terminated-by '\\t' \\
--num-mappers 2 \\
--split-by id

2、同步策略

数据同步策略的类型包括:全量同步、增量同步、新增及变化同步、特殊情况

全量表:存储完整的数据。
增量表:存储新增加的数据。
新增及变化表:存储新增加的数据和变化的数据。
特殊表:只需要存储一次。

2.1、全量同步策略

每日全量,就是每天存储一份完整数据,作为一个分区。

适用于表数据量不大,且每天既会有新数据插入,也会有旧数据的修改的场景。

例如:编码字典表、品牌表、商品三级分类、商品二级分类、商品一级分类、优惠规则表、活动表、活动参与商品表、加购表、商品收藏表、优惠券表、SKU商品表、SPU商品表。

2.2、增量同步策略

每日增量,就是每天存储一份增量数据,作为一个分区。

适用于表数据量大,且每天只会有新数据插入的场景。例如:退单表、订单状态表、支付流水表、订单详情表、活动与订单关联表、商品评论表。

2.3、新增及变化策略

每日新增及变化,就是存储创建时间和操作时间都是今天的数据。

适用场景为,表的数据量大,既会有新增,又会有变化。例如:用户表、订单表、优惠券领用表。

2.4、特殊策略

某些特殊的表,可不必遵循上述同步策略。例如某些不会发生变化的表(地区表,省份表,民族表)可以只存一份固定值。

3、业务数据导入hdfs

3.1、业务数据首日同步脚本

在/root/bin目录下创建

vim mysql_to_hdfs_init.sh

添加如下内容:

#! /bin/bash

APP=gmall
sqoop=/opt/module/sqoop/bin/sqoop

if [ -n "$2" ] ;then
   do_date=$2
else 
   echo "请传入日期参数"
   exit
fi 

import_data()
$sqoop import \\
--connect jdbc:mysql://h103:3310/$APP \\
--username root \\
--password 123456 \\
--target-dir /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date \\
--delete-target-dir \\
--query "$2 where \\$CONDITIONS" \\
--num-mappers 1 \\
--fields-terminated-by '\\t' \\
--compress \\
--compression-codec lzop \\
--null-string '\\\\N' \\
--null-non-string '\\\\N'

hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date


import_order_info()
  import_data order_info "select
                            id, 
                            total_amount, 
                            order_status, 
                            user_id, 
                            payment_way,
                            delivery_address,
                            out_trade_no, 
                            create_time, 
                            operate_time,
                            expire_time,
                            tracking_no,
                            province_id,
                            activity_reduce_amount,
                            coupon_reduce_amount,                            
                            original_total_amount,
                            feight_fee,
                            feight_fee_reduce      
                        from order_info"


import_coupon_use()
  import_data coupon_use "select
                          id,
                          coupon_id,
                          user_id,
                          order_id,
                          coupon_status,
                          get_time,
                          using_time,
                          used_time,
                          expire_time
                        from coupon_use"


import_order_status_log()
  import_data order_status_log "select
                                  id,
                                  order_id,
                                  order_status,
                                  operate_time
                                from order_status_log"


import_user_info()
  import_data "user_info" "select 
                            id,
                            login_name,
                            nick_name,
                            name,
                            phone_num,
                            email,
                            user_level, 
                            birthday,
                            gender,
                            create_time,
                            operate_time
                          from user_info"


import_order_detail()
  import_data order_detail "select 
                              id,
                              order_id, 
                              sku_id,
                              sku_name,
                              order_price,
                              sku_num, 
                              create_time,
                              source_type,
                              source_id,
                              split_total_amount,
                              split_activity_amount,
                              split_coupon_amount
                            from order_detail"


import_payment_info()
  import_data "payment_info"  "select 
                                id,  
                                out_trade_no, 
                                order_id, 
                                user_id, 
                                payment_type, 
                                trade_no, 
                                total_amount,  
                                subject, 
                                payment_status,
                                create_time,
                                callback_time 
                              from payment_info"


import_comment_info()
  import_data comment_info "select
                              id,
                              user_id,
                              sku_id,
                              spu_id,
                              order_id,
                              appraise,
                              create_time
                            from comment_info"


import_order_refund_info()
  import_data order_refund_info "select
                                id,
                                user_id,
                                order_id,
                                sku_id,
                                refund_type,
                                refund_num,
                                refund_amount,
                                refund_reason_type,
                                refund_status,
                                create_time
                              from order_refund_info"


import_sku_info()
  import_data sku_info "select 
                          id,
                          spu_id,
                          price,
                          sku_name,
                          sku_desc,
                          weight,
                          tm_id,
                          category3_id,
                          is_sale,
                          create_time
                        from sku_info"


import_base_category1()
  import_data "base_category1" "select 
                                  id,
                                  name 
                                from base_category1"


import_base_category2()
  import_data "base_category2" "select
                                  id,
                                  name,
                                  category1_id 
                                from base_category2"


import_base_category3()
  import_data "base_category3" "select
                                  id,
                                  name,
                                  category2_id
                                from base_category3"


import_base_province()
  import_data base_province "select
                              id,
                              name,
                              region_id,
                              area_code,
                              iso_code,
                              iso_3166_2
                            from base_province"


import_base_region()
  import_data base_region "select
                              id,
                              region_name
                            from base_region"


import_base_trademark()
  import_data base_trademark "select
                                id,
                                tm_name
                              from base_trademark"


import_spu_info()
  import_data spu_info "select
                            id,
                            spu_name,
                            category3_id,
                            tm_id
                          from spu_info"


import_favor_info()
  import_data favor_info "select
                          id,
                          user_id,
                          sku_id,
                          spu_id,
                          is_cancel,
                          create_time,
                          cancel_time
                        from favor_info"


import_cart_info()
  import_data cart_info "select
                        id,
                        user_id,
                        sku_id,
                        cart_price,
                        sku_num,
                        sku_name,
                        create_time,
                        operate_time,
                        is_ordered,
                        order_time,
                        source_type,
                        source_id
                      from cart_info"


import_coupon_info()
  import_data coupon_info "select
                          id,
                          coupon_name,
                          coupon_type,
                          condition_amount,
                          condition_num,
                          activity_id,
                          benefit_amount,
                          benefit_discount,
                          create_time,
                          range_type,
                          limit_num,
                          taken_count,
                          start_time,
                          end_time,
                          operate_time,
                          expire_time
                        from coupon_info"


import_activity_info()
  import_data activity_info "select
                              id,
                              activity_name,
                              activity_type,
                              start_time,
                              end_time,
                              create_time
                            from activity_info"


import_activity_rule()
    import_data activity_rule "select
                                    id,
                                    activity_id,
                                    activity_type,
                                    condition_amount,
                                    condition_num,
                                    benefit_amount,
                                    benefit_discount,
                                    benefit_level
                                from activity_rule"


import_base_dic()
    import_data base_dic "select
                            dic_code,
                            dic_name,
                            parent_code,
                            create_time,
                            operate_time
                          from base_dic"



import_order_detail_activity()
    import_data order_detail_activity "select
                                                                id,
                                                                order_id,
                                                                order_detail_id,
                                                                activity_id,
                                                                activity_rule_id,
                                                                sku_id,
                                                                create_time
                                                            from order_detail_activity"



import_order_detail_coupon()
    import_data order_detail_coupon "select
                                                                id,
								                                                order_id,
                                                                order_detail_id,
                                                                coupon_id,
                                                                coupon_use_id,
                                                                sku_id,
                                                                create_time
                                                            from order_detail_coupon"



import_refund_payment()
    import_data refund_payment "select
                                                        id,
                                                        out_trade_no,
                                                        order_id,
                                                        sku_id,
                                                        payment_type,
                                                        trade_no,
                                                        total_amount,
                                                        subject,
                                                        refund_status,
                                                        create_time,
                                                        callback_time
                                                    from refund_payment"                                                    



import_sku_attr_value()
    import_data sku_attr_value "select
                                                    id,
                                                    attr_id,
                                                    value_id,
                                                    sku_id,
                                                    attr_name,
                                                    value_name
                                                from sku_attr_value"



import_sku_sale_attr_value()
    import_data sku_sale_attr_value "select
                                                            id,
                                                            sku_id,
                                                            spu_id,
                                                            sale_attr_value_id,
                                                            sale_attr_id,
                                                            sale_attr_name,
                                                            sale_attr_value_name
                                                        from sku_sale_attr_value"


case $1 in
  "order_info")
     import_order_info
;;
  "base_category1")
     import_base_category1
;;
  "base_category2")
     import_base_category2
;;
  "base_category3")
     import_base_category3
;;
  "order_detail")
     import_order_detail
;;
  "sku_info")
     import_sku_info
;;
  "user_info")
     import_user_info
;;
  "payment_info")
     import_payment_info
;;
  "base_province")
     import_base_province
;;
  "base_region")
     import_base_region
;;
  "base_trademark")
     import_base_trademark
;;
  "activity_info")
      import_activity_info
;;
  "cart_info")
      import_cart_info
;;
  "comment_info")
      import_comment_info
;;
  "coupon_info")
      import_coupon_info
;;
  "coupon_use")
      import_coupon_use
;;
  "favor_info")
      import_favor_info
;;
  "order_refund_info")
      import_order_refund_info
;;
  "order_status_log")
      import_order_status_log
;;
  "spu_info")
      import_spu_info
;;
  "activity_rule")
      import_activity_rule
;;
  "base_dic")
      import_base_dic
;;
  "order_detail_activity")
      import_order_detail_activity
;;
  "order_detail_coupon")
      import_order_detail_coupon
;;
  "refund_payment")
      import_refund_payment
;;
  "sku_attr_value")
      import_sku_attr_value
;;
  "sku_sale_attr_value")
      import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
  "all")
   import_base_category1
   import_base_category2
   import_base_category3
   import_order_info
   import_order_detail
   import_sku_info
   import_user_info
   import_payment_info
   import_base_region
   import_base_province
   import_base_trademark
   import_activity_info
   import_cart_info
   import_comment_info
   import_coupon_use
   import_coupon_info
   import_favor_info
   import_order_refund_info
   import_order_status_log
   import_spu_info
   import_activity_rule
   import_base_dic
   import_order_detail_activity
   import_order_detail_coupon
   import_refund_payment
   import_sku_attr_value
   import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
esac

说明:

[ -n 变量值 ] 判断变量的值,是否为空
-- 变量的值,非空,返回true
-- 变量的值,为空,返回false

增加脚本执行权限

chmod +x mysql_to_hdfs_init.sh

使用脚本

mysql_to_hdfs_init.sh all 2022-04-01

3.2、业务数据每日同步脚本

在/home/atguigu/bin目录下创建

vim mysql_to_hdfs.sh

添加如下内容:

#! /bin/bash

APP=gmall
sqoop=/opt/module/sqoop/bin/sqoop

if [ -n "$2" ] ;then
    do_date=$2
else
    do_date=`date -d '-1 day' +%F`
fi

import_data()
$sqoop import \\
--connect jdbc:mysql://h103:3310/$APP \\
--username root \\
--password 123456 \\
--target-dir /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date \\
--delete-target-dir \\
--query "$2 and  \\$CONDITIONS" \\
--num-mappers 1 \\
--fields-terminated-by '\\t' \\
--compress \\
--compression-codec lzop \\
--null-string '\\\\N' \\
--null-non-string '\\\\N'

hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date


import_order_info()
  import_data order_info "select
                            id, 
                            total_amount, 
                            order_status, 
                            user_id, 
                            payment_way,
                            delivery_address,
                            out_trade_no, 
                            create_time, 
                            operate_time,
                            expire_time,
                            tracking_no,
                            province_id,
                            activity_reduce_amount,
                            coupon_reduce_amount,                            
                            original_total_amount,
                            feight_fee,
                            feight_fee_reduce      
                        from order_info
                        where (date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date' 
                        or date_format(operate_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"


import_coupon_use()
  import_data coupon_use "select
                          id,
                          coupon_id,
                          user_id,
                          order_id,
                          coupon_status,
                          get_time,
                          using_time,
                          used_time,
                          expire_time
                        from coupon_use
                        where (date_format(get_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
                        or date_format(using_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
                        or date_format(used_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
                        or date_format(expire_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"


import_order_status_log()
  import_data order_status_log "select
                                  id,
                                  order_id,
                                  order_status,
                                  operate_time
                                from order_status_log
                                where date_format(operate_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"


import_user_info()
  import_data "user_info" "select 
                            id,
                            login_name,
                            nick_name,
                            name,
                            phone_num,
                            email,
                            user_level, 
                            birthday,
                            gender,
                            create_time,
                            operate_time
                          from user_info 
                          where (DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date' 
                          or DATE_FORMAT(operate_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"


import_order_detail()
  import_data order_detail "select 
                              id,
                              order_id, 
                              sku_id,
                              sku_name,
                              order_price,
                              sku_num, 
                              create_time,
                              source_type,
                              source_id,
                              split_total_amount,
                              split_activity_amount,
                              split_coupon_amount
                            from order_detail 
                            where DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"


import_payment_info()
  import_data "payment_info"  "select 
                                id,  
                                out_trade_no, 
                                order_id, 
                                user_id, 
                                payment_type, 
                                trade_no, 
                                total_amount,  
                                subject, 
                                payment_status,
                                create_time,
                                callback_time 
                              from payment_info 
                              where (DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date' 
                              or DATE_FORMAT(callback_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"


import_comment_info()
  import_data comment_info "select
                              id,
                              user_id,
                              sku_id,
                              spu_id,
                              order_id,
                              appraise,
                              create_time
                            from comment_info
                            where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"


import_order_refund_info()
  import_data order_refund_info "select
                                id,
                                user_id,
                                order_id,
                                sku_id,
                                refund_type,
                                refund_num,
                                refund_amount,
                                refund_reason_type,
                                refund_status,
                                create_time
                              from order_refund_info
                              where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"


import_sku_info()
  import_data sku_info "select 
                          id,
                          spu_id,
                          price,
                          sku_name,
                          sku_desc,
                          weight,
                          tm_id,
                          category3_id,
                          is_sale,
                          create_time
                        from sku_info where 1=1"


import_base_category1()
  import_data "base_category1" "select 
                                  id,
                                  name 
                                from base_category1 where 1=1"


import_base_category2()
  import_data "base_category2" "select
                                  id,
                                  name,
                                  category1_id 
                                from base_category2 where 1=1"


import_base_category3()
  import_data "base_category3" "select
                                  id,
                                  name,
                                  category2_id
                                from base_category3 where 1=1"


import_base_province()
  import_data base_province "select
                              id,
                              name,
                              region_id,
                              area_code,
                              iso_code,
                              iso_3166_2
                            from base_province
                            where 1=1"


import_base_region()
  import_data base_region "select
                              id,
                              region_name
                            from base_region
                            where 1=1"


import_base_trademark()
  import_data base_trademark "select
                                id,
                                tm_name
                              from base_trademark
                              where 1=1"


import_spu_info()
  import_data spu_info "select
                            id,
                            spu_name,
                            category3_id,
                            tm_id
                          from spu_info
                          where 1=1"


import_favor_info()
  import_data favor_info "select
                          id,
                          user_id,
                          sku_id,
                          spu_id,
                          is_cancel,
                          create_time,
                          cancel_time
                        from favor_info
                        where 1=1"


import_cart_info()
  import_data cart_info "select
                        id,
                        user_id,
                        sku_id,
                        cart_price,
                        sku_num,
                        sku_name,
                        create_time,
                        operate_time,
                        is_ordered,
                        order_time,
                        source_type,
                        source_id
                      from cart_info
                      where 1=1"


import_coupon_info()
  import_data coupon_info "select
                          id,
                          coupon_name,
                          coupon_type,
                          condition_amount,
                          condition_num,
                          activity_id,
                          benefit_amount,
                          benefit_discount,
                          create_time,
                          range_type,
                          limit_num,
                          taken_count,
                          start_time,
                          end_time,
                          operate_time,
                          expire_time
                        from coupon_info
                        where 1=1"


import_activity_info()
  import_data activity_info "select
                              id,
                              activity_name,
                              activity_type,
                              start_time,
                              end_time,
                              create_time
                            from activity_info
                            where 1=1"


import_activity_rule()
    import_data activity_rule "select
                                    id,
                                    activity_id,
                                    activity_type,
                                    condition_amount,
                                    condition_num,
                                    benefit_amount,
                                    benefit_discount,
                                    benefit_level
                                from activity_rule
                                where 1=1"


import_base_dic()
    import_data base_dic "select
                            dic_code,
                            dic_name,
                            parent_code,
                            create_time,
                            operate_time
                          from base_dic
                          where 1=1"



import_order_detail_activity()
    import_data order_detail_activity "select
                                                                id,
                                                                order_id,
                                                                order_detail_id,
                                                                activity_id,
                                                                activity_rule_id,
                                                                sku_id,
                                                                create_time
                                                            from order_detail_activity
                                                            where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"



import_order_detail_coupon()
    import_data order_detail_coupon "select
                                                                id,
								                                                order_id,
                                                                order_detail_id,
                                                                coupon_id,
                                                                coupon_use_id,
                                                                sku_id,
                                                                create_time
                                                            from order_detail_coupon
                                                            where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"



import_refund_payment()
    import_data refund_payment "select
                                                        id,
                                                        out_trade_no,
                                                        order_id,
                                                        sku_id,
                                                        payment_type,
                                                        trade_no,
                                                        total_amount,
                                                        subject,
                                                        refund_status,
                                                        create_time,
                                                        callback_time
                                                    from refund_payment
                                                    where (DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date' 
                                                    or DATE_FORMAT(callback_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"                                                    



import_sku_attr_value()
    import_data sku_attr_value "select
                                                    id,
                                                    attr_id,
                                                    value_id,
                                                    sku_id,
                                                    attr_name,
                                                    value_name
                                                from sku_attr_value
                                                where 1=1"



import_sku_sale_attr_value()
    import_data sku_sale_attr_value "select
                                                            id,
                                                            sku_id,
                                                            spu_id,
                                                            sale_attr_value_id,
                                                            sale_attr_id,
                                                            sale_attr_name,
                                                            sale_attr_value_name
                                                        from sku_sale_attr_value
                                                        where 1=1"


case $1 in
  "order_info")
     import_order_info
;;
  "base_category1")
     import_base_category1
;;
  "base_category2")
     import_base_category2
;;
  "base_category3")
     import_base_category3
;;
  "order_detail")
     import_order_detail
;;
  "sku_info")
     import_sku_info
;;
  "user_info")
     import_user_info
;;
  "payment_info")
     import_payment_info
;;
  "base_province")
     import_base_province
;;
  "activity_info")
      import_activity_info
;;
  "cart_info")
      import_cart_info
;;
  "comment_info")
      import_comment_info
;;
  "coupon_info")
      import_coupon_info
;;
  "coupon_use")
      import_coupon_use
;;
  "favor_info")
      import_favor_info
;;
  "order_refund_info")
      import_order_refund_info
;;
  "order_status_log")
      import_order_status_log
;;
  "spu_info")
      import_spu_info
;;
  "activity_rule")
      import_activity_rule
;;
  "base_dic")
      import_base_dic
;;
  "order_detail_activity")
      import_order_detail_activity
;;
  "order_detail_coupon")
      import_order_detail_coupon
;;
  "refund_payment")
      import_refund_payment
;;
  "sku_attr_value")
      import_sku_attr_value
;;
  "sku_sale_attr_value")
      import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
"all")
   import_base_category1
   import_base_category2
   import_base_category3
   import_order_info
   import_order_detail
   import_sku_info
   import_user_info
   import_payment_info
   import_base_trademark
   import_activity_info
   import_cart_info
   import_comment_info
   import_coupon_use
   import_coupon_info
   import_favor_info
   import_order_refund_info
   import_order_status_log
   import_spu_info
   import_activity_rule
   import_base_dic
   import_order_detail_activity
   import_order_detail_coupon
   import_refund_payment
   import_sku_attr_value
   import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
esac

增加脚本执行权限

chmod +x mysql_to_hdfs.sh

4、项目经验

Hive中的Null在底层是以“\\N”来存储,而MySQL中的Null在底层就是Null,为了保证数据两端的一致性。在导出数据时采用–input-null-string和–input-null-non-string两个参数。导入数据时采用–null-string和–null-non-string。

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