Mongodb简介及部署
Posted
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了Mongodb简介及部署相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
随着互联网web2.0兴起,传统的SQL已经不能满足海量数据查询所带来的缺点和不足,所以人们为了克服相应的问题而出现了NoSQL,而NoSQL中有四个分类,它们分别是:键值数据库(hash)、列式存储数据库、文档型数据库、图形数据库。而其中文档型数据库中最为典型的就是Mongodb,它是由C++编写的,用于为WEB应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案,它的特点是高性能、易部署、易使用,存储数据非常方便,它支持动态查询、完全索引、自动分片、文件是使用Bson的格式等,其中使用的语法类似于Json的语法,可适用于网站数据、缓存、大尺寸、低价值的数据、用于对象及JSON 数据的存储等,不足是不能提供的对SQL的支持,支持的特性不够丰富,现在的产品相比关系型数据库还不够成熟,不过由于其良好的性能已经被大量使用与生产环境中。
具体的其他特性在这里就不做过多的赘述了,现在说一下Mongodb简单的部署,在这里为了快速部署使用就使用了官网的最新二进制包去快速部署,当然如果要用的不是最新的可以用官网上的rpm包,Mongodb的官网:https://www.mongodb.com:
[[email protected] src]# wget [[email protected] src]# tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.2.tgz -C /usr/local/mongodb/ [[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/mongodb/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.2 [[email protected] src]# mv ./* ../ [[email protected] mongodb]# rm -rf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.4.2 [[email protected] mongodb]# groupadd -r mongodb [[email protected] mongodb]# useradd -M -g mongodb -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mongodata mongodb #设置mongodb用户的家目录为Mongodb的dbpath路径 [[email protected] mongodb]# chown -R mongodb:mongodb /usr/local/mongodb #修改Mongodb的basedir文件的属组 [[email protected] mongodb]# mkdir /var/log/mongodb [[email protected] mongodb]# chown mongodb:mongodb /var/log/mongodb #创建Mongodb的log路径及修改属组 [[email protected] mongodb]# mkdir /var/run/mongodb/ [[email protected] mongodb]# chown mongodb:mongodb /var/run/mongodb #创建Mongodb的pid文件路径及修改属组 [[email protected] mongodb]# vim /etc/profile.d/mongo.sh export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mongodb/bin [[email protected] mongodb]# source /etc/profile.d/mongo.sh #添加Mongodb的二进制环境路径 #最后的mongod的启动脚本和mongodb.conf配置文件可以从rpm包安装的服务器上下载,修改一下,在这里有一点 #有一个Mongodb默认读取配置文件的配置文件实际是调用mongod执行的: OPTIONS="--quiet -f /etc/mongodb.conf" [[email protected] mongodb]# vim /etc/sysconfig/mongod#如果没有需要添加 #当然也可以修改mongod的启动脚本直接添加,下文会提及
Mongodb的启动脚本中需要修改相应的环境路径,启动脚本如下:
#!/bin/sh # # mongodb init file for starting up the MongoDB server # # chkconfig: - 90 10 # description: Starts and stops the MongDB daemon that handles all # database requests. # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions exec="/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod" prog="mongod" logfile="/var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log" [ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/mongodb/mongodb.pid} options="$MONGODB_OPTIONS $OPTIONS" lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/mongod" #要修改的就是相应的环境路径 # Nicer version of killproc that does not kill mongodb when it takes # a long time to shut down and does not hang for a long time when mongo # shuts down quickly killproc_nice() { local RC base pid pid_file= delay i RC=0; delay=3 # Test syntax. if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then echo $"Usage: killproc [-p pidfile] [ -d delay] {program} [-signal]" return 1 fi if [ "$1" = "-p" ]; then pid_file=$2 shift 2 fi if [ "$1" = "-d" ]; then delay=$2 shift 2 fi # Save basename. base=${1##*/} # Find pid. __pids_var_run "$1" "$pid_file" RC=$? if [ -z "$pid" ]; then if [ -z "$pid_file" ]; then pid="$(__pids_pidof "$1")" else [ "$RC" = "4" ] && { failure $"$base shutdown" ; return $RC ;} fi fi # Kill it. if [ -n "$pid" ] ; then [ "$BOOTUP" = "verbose" -a -z "${LSB:-}" ] && echo -n "$base " if checkpid $pid 2>&1; then # TERM first, then KILL if not dead kill -TERM $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 usleep 100000 # Check every one second if the program is stopped. # Do so for a maximum of $delay seconds for ((i = 0 ; i < $delay; i++)) do if checkpid $pid; then sleep 1 else break fi done # If the program is not stopped, kill it if checkpid $pid ; then kill -KILL $pid >/dev/null 2>&1 usleep 100000 fi fi checkpid $pid RC=$? [ "$RC" -eq 0 ] && failure $"$base shutdown" || success $"$base shutdown" RC=$((! $RC)) else failure $"$base shutdown" RC=0 fi # Remove pid file if any. rm -f "${pid_file:-/var/run/$base.pid}" return $RC } start() { [ -x $exec ] || exit 5 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} --user mongodb "$exec $options run >> $logfile 2>&1" retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc_nice -p ${pidfile} -d 300 $prog retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { stop start } reload() { restart } force_reload() { restart } rh_status() { # run checks to determine if the service is running or use generic status status -p ${pidfile} $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 restart ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}" exit 2 esac exit $?
Mongodb的配置文件mongodb.conf,如下:
## ### Basic Defaults ## bind_ip = 127.0.0.1 port = 27017 fork = true pidfilepath = /var/run/mongodb/mongodb.pid logpath = /var/log/mongodb/mongodb.log dbpath =/data/mongodata journal = true # Enables periodic logging of CPU utilization and I/O wait #cpu = true # Turn on/off security. Off is currently the default #noauth = true #auth = true # Verbose logging output. #verbose = true # Inspect all client data for validity on receipt (useful for # developing drivers) #objcheck = true # Enable db quota management #quota = true # Set oplogging level where n is # 0=off (default) # 1=W # 2=R # 3=both # 7=W+some reads #oplog = 0 # Diagnostic/debugging option #nocursors = true # Ignore query hints #nohints = true # Disable the HTTP interface (Defaults to port+1000). nohttpinterface = true # Turns off server-side scripting. This will result in greatly limited # functionality #noscripting = true # Turns off table scans. Any query that would do a table scan fails. #notablescan = true # Disable data file preallocation. #noprealloc = true # Specify .ns file size for new databases. # nssize = <size> # Accout token for Mongo monitoring server. #mms-token = <token> # Server name for Mongo monitoring server. #mms-name = <server-name> # Ping interval for Mongo monitoring server. #mms-interval = <seconds> # Replication Options # in replicated mongo databases, specify here whether this is a slave or master #slave = true #source = master.example.com # Slave only: specify a single database to replicate #only = master.example.com # or #master = true #source = slave.example.com # Address of a server to pair with. #pairwith = <server:port> # Address of arbiter server. #arbiter = <server:port> # Automatically resync if slave data is stale #autoresync # Custom size for replication operation log. #oplogSize = <MB> # Size limit for in-memory storage of op ids. #opIdMem = <bytes>
配置好后第一次启动后会生成相应的数据文件
[[email protected] mongodb]# /etc/init.d/mongod start 正在启动 mongod:[确定] [[email protected] mongodb]# mongo#Mongodb客户端启动 MongoDB shell version v3.4.2 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.2 Server has startup warnings: 2017-02-15T10:42:11.888+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:11.888+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine 2017-02-15T10:42:11.888+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] ** See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is ‘always‘. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to ‘never‘ 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is ‘always‘. 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to ‘never‘ 2017-02-15T10:42:12.850+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbsshow dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB #有2个默认库
如此Mongodb的初步介绍使用结束
本文出自 “技术随笔” 博客,谢绝转载!
以上是关于Mongodb简介及部署的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章