如何使用MariaDB返回本地时间SQL结果

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这个问题已被多次询问（和回答）mysql，我确信这些答案也适用于MariaDB，但要么他们没有，要么更可能我只是做错了。运行这些脚本几分钟后，date返回Sat Feb 24 18:20:38 UTC 2018。我已经得出结论，在大多数情况下，MySQL / MariaDB应该保持为UTC配置，我不会做不同的事情。我确实按预期工作，并将结果发布在下面。

<?php
//php.ini has set date.timezone =America/Los_Angeles

function displayTime($desc,$db) {
    echo("<h5>$desc</h5>");
    $stmt=$db->query('SELECT @@global.time_zone');
    echo 'MariaDb global.time_zone: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";

    $stmt=$db->query('SELECT @@session.time_zone');
    echo 'MariaDb session.time_zone: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";

    $stmt=$db->query('SELECT TIMEDIFF(NOW(), UTC_TIMESTAMP);');
    echo 'MariaDb offset: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";

    $stmt=$db->query('SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6');
    echo 'Adjusted time: '.$stmt->fetchColumn()."<br>";
}

function getTimezoneFromDb() {
    $tzs = DateTimeZone::listIdentifiers();
    return $tzs[rand(0, count($tzs)-1)];
}

function getOffset() {
    $os=(new DateTime())->getOffset();
    if($os>(13*60*60)) $os=-24*60*60; //MySQL/MariaDB bug for Pacific/Kiritimati, Pacific/Chatham, and Pacific/Apia
    return $os >= 0?'+'.gmdate("G:i", $os):'-'.gmdate("G:i", -$os);
}

function test($sql, $value, $db) {
    $desc="Test for $sql using $value";
    $stmt=$db->prepare($sql);
    try{
        $stmt->execute([$value]);
        displayTime($desc,$db);
    }
    catch(PDOException $e) {
        echo("<h5>$desc</h5>".$e->getMessage().'<br>');
    }
}

//tsValueUpdated is type datetime and data was inserted using NOW()
$db=parse_ini_file(__DIR__.'/../config.ini',true)['mysql'];
$db=new PDO("mysql:host={$db['host']};dbname={$db['dbname']};charset={$db['charset']}",$db['username'],$db['password'],array(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES=>false,PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY=>true,PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE=>PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE=>PDO::FETCH_OBJ));

displayTime('Before changing timezone',$db);

$tz=getTimezoneFromDb();
echo "Timezone: $tz<br>";
date_default_timezone_set($tz);

displayTime('After changing PHP timezone',$db);

$os=getOffset();
echo "Offset: $os<br>";

//Reference https://stackoverflow.com/a/19069310/1032531
test('SET GLOBAL time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
test('SET GLOBAL time_zone = ?', $tz, $db);
test('SET @@global.time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
test('SET time_zone = ?', $os, $db);
test('SET time_zone = ?', $tz, $db);
test('SET @@session.time_zone = ?', $os, $db);

产量

Before changing timezone
MariaDb global.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Timezone: Africa/Tripoli
After changing PHP timezone
MariaDb global.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Offset: +2:00
Test for SET GLOBAL time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Test for SET GLOBAL time_zone = ? using Africa/Tripoli
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1298 Unknown or incorrect time zone: 'Africa/Tripoli'
Test for SET @@global.time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +06:00
MariaDb offset: 06:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Test for SET time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb offset: 02:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46
Test for SET time_zone = ? using Africa/Tripoli
SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1298 Unknown or incorrect time zone: 'Africa/Tripoli'
Test for SET @@session.time_zone = ? using +2:00
MariaDb global.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb session.time_zone: +02:00
MariaDb offset: 02:00:00
Adjusted time: 2018-02-24 18:15:46

命令行测试

MariaDB [datalogger]> explain points;
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id             | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| idPublic       | int(11)     | NO   | MUL | 0       |                |
| accountsId     | int(11)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| name           | varchar(45) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| value          | float       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| valueOld       | float       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| units          | varchar(45) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| type           | char(8)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| slope          | float       | NO   |     | 1       |                |
| intercept      | float       | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| tsValueUpdated | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [datalogger]> SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6;
+---------------------+
| tsValueUpdated      |
+---------------------+
| 2018-02-24 18:09:46 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [datalogger]> SET time_zone ='+12:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [datalogger]> SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6;
+---------------------+
| tsValueUpdated      |
+---------------------+
| 2018-02-24 18:09:46 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [datalogger]> SET GLOBAL time_zone ='+12:00';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [datalogger]> SELECT tsValueUpdated FROM points WHERE id=6;
+---------------------+
| tsValueUpdated      |
+---------------------+
| 2018-02-24 18:09:46 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [datalogger]>

mysqld --help --verbose | grep时区

2018-02-24 18:07:19 140183024801920 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024  max_connections: 151  table_cache: 431
2018-02-24 18:07:19 140183024801920 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
2018-02-24 18:07:19 140183024801920 [Warning] Could not open mysql.plugin table. Some options may be missing from the help text
  --default-time-zone=name
default-time-zone                                          (No default value)
system-time-zone

编辑。新研究

<?php
date_default_timezone_set('America/Los_Angeles');

$config=parse_ini_file(__DIR__.'/../config.ini',true);
$db = $config['mysql'];
$db=new PDO("mysql:host={$db['host']};dbname={$db['dbname']};charset={$db['charset']}",$db['username'],$db['password'],array(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES=>false,PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY=>true,PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE=>PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE=>PDO::FETCH_OBJ));

$os=(new DateTime())->getOffset();
if($os>(13*60*60)) $os=-24*60*60; //MySQL/MariaDB bug for Pacific/Kiritimati, Pacific/Chatham, and Pacific/Apia
$os = $os >= 0?'+'.gmdate("G:i", $os):'-'.gmdate("G:i", -$os);

$stmtSelect = $db->prepare("SELECT id, NOW() now, mydatetime FROM test WHERE id = ?");
$stmtInsert = $db->prepare("INSERT INTO test(id, mydatetime) VALUES(?,NOW())");
$stmtSelectConvert1 = $db->prepare("SELECT id, NOW() now, CONVERT_TZ(mydatetime, '+00:00', '$os') mydatetime FROM test WHERE id = ?");

$stmtInsert->execute([1]);

$stmtSelect->execute([1]);
echo("

INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  NO CONVERT
");
print_r($stmtSelect->fetch());

$stmtSelectConvert1->execute([1]);
echo("

INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT1
");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert1->fetch());

echo("

SET SQL TIMEZONE
");
$db->exec("SET time_zone='$os';");

$stmtInsert->execute([2]);

$stmtSelectConvert2 = $db->prepare("SELECT id, NOW() now, CONVERT_TZ(mydatetime, '+00:00', '$os') mydatetime FROM test WHERE id = ?");

$stmtSelect->execute([1]);
echo("

INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  NO CONVERT
");
print_r($stmtSelect->fetch());

$stmtSelectConvert1->execute([1]);
echo("

INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT1
");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert1->fetch());

$stmtSelectConvert2->execute([1]);
echo("

INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT2
");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert2->fetch());

$stmtSelect->execute([2]);
echo("

INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  NO CONVERT
");
print_r($stmtSelect->fetch());

$stmtSelectConvert1->execute([2]);
echo("

INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT1
");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert1->fetch());

$stmtSelectConvert2->execute([2]);
echo("

INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT2
");
print_r($stmtSelectConvert2->fetch());

OUTPUT

INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  NO CONVERT
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 1
    [now] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
)




INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT1
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 1
    [now] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)




SET SQL TIMEZONE




INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  NO CONVERT
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 1
    [now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 20:16:22
)




INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT1
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 1
    [now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)




INSERTED BEFORE SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT2
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 1
    [now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)




INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  NO CONVERT
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 2
    [now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
)




INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT1
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 2
    [now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 04:16:22
)




INSERTED AFTER SETTING SQL TIMEZONE.  YES CONVERT2
stdClass Object
(
    [id] => 2
    [now] => 2018-02-27 12:16:22
    [mydatetime] => 2018-02-27 04:16:22
)
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Edit
答案

......或者更有可能我只是做错了什么。

答对了！ :-)

看这里......（重点补充）：

MariaDB [datalogger]> explain points;
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field          | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id             | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| idPublic       | int(11)     | NO   | MUL | 0       |                |
| accountsId     | int(11)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| name           | varchar(45) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| value          | float       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| valueOld       | float       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| units          | varchar(45) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| type           | char(8)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| slope          | float       | NO   |     | 1       |                |
| intercept      | float       | NO   |     | 0       |                |
| tsValueUpdated | datetime    | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB有两种不同的数据类型，能够存储日期+时间：DATETIME（你正在使用）和TIMESTAMP（你不是）。

关键的区别在于TIMESTAMP从/向会话time_zone转换并以UTC格式存储，而DATETIME只是按照提供的方式存储和检索（不考虑时区）。

这在Time zone effects下记录：

某些功能受时区设置的影响。这些包括

以及从TIMESTAMP列存储和检索的值。后者在存储时转换为UTC（Coordinated Universal Time），并在检索时转换回来。

某些功能不受影响。这些包括：

以及DATETIME，DATE和TIME专栏。

因此，无论您使用多少时区设置，如果您的值存储在DATETIME列中，那么它们将始终按照输入的方式进行检索。如果您希望MariaDB在插入/检索时处理会话时区之间的转换，则必须使用TIMESTAMP列。

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