在oracle sql中违反了PK

Posted 2021-04-21

我想知道是否有人可以帮助我。我在sql中运行了整个事情，但它给了我这个错误：

错误报告：SQL错误：ORA-00001：唯一约束（GAMES.ATHLETE_PK）违反00001. 00000 - “违反了唯一约束（％s。％s）”*原因：UPDATE或INSERT语句尝试插入重复键。对于在DBMS MAC模式下配置的受信任Oracle，如果存在不同级别的重复条目，则可能会看到此消息。 *操作：删除唯一限制或不插入密钥。

我想在一个事务中一次插入所有记录。并且还使用序列来生成新的主键。我试着逐个插入，没关系。但如果我一次插入所有，这是错误...

INSERT ALL 
    INTO athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.nextval, 'Michael Phelps', to_date('1985-06-30','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Towson', 'USA', 'M', 193, 88, 'USA')
    INTO athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.nextval, 'Stephanie Rice', to_date('1988-06-17','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Brisbane', 'AUS', 'F', 176, 67, 'AUS')
    INTO athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.nextval, 'Rebecca Adlington', to_date('1989-02-17','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Mansfield', 'GBR', 'F', 179, 870, 'GBR')
    INTO athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.nextval, 'Lee Chong Wei', to_date('1982-10-21','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Perak', 'MAS', 'M', 170, 60, 'MAS')
    INTO athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.nextval, 'Lin Dan', to_date('1983-10-14','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Fujian', 'CHN', 'M', 176, 68, 'CHN')
    INTO athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.nextval, 'Peter Gade', to_date('1976-12-14','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Aalborg', 'DEN', 'M', 183, 73, 'DEN')
INTO competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.currval, (SELECT discipline_code FROM discipline where discipline_name = 'Swimming'), 30)
    INTO competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.currval, (SELECT discipline_code FROM discipline where discipline_name = 'Swimming'), 30)
    INTO competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.currval, (SELECT discipline_code FROM discipline where discipline_name = 'Swimming'), 30)
    INTO competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.currval, (SELECT discipline_code FROM discipline where discipline_name = 'Swimming'), 30)
    INTO competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.currval, (SELECT discipline_code FROM discipline where discipline_name = 'Swimming'), 30)
    INTO competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
    VALUES (athlete_no_seq.currval, (SELECT discipline_code FROM discipline where discipline_name = 'Swimming'), 30)
INTO venue(venue_no, venue_name, venue_location, venue_usedfrom, venueused_to, venue_seatingcapacity, venue_structure, venue_use)
    VALUES(venue_no_seq.nextval, 'Aquatics Centre', 'Olympics Park, East London', to_date('2012-07-28','yyyy-mm-dd'), to_date('2012-10-08','yyyy-mm-dd'), 17500, 'N', 'P')
    INTO venue(venue_no, venue_name, venue_location, venue_usedfrom, venueused_to, venue_seatingcapacity, venue_structure, venue_use)
    VALUES(venue_no_seq.nextval, 'Wembley Arena', 'North West London', to_date('2012-07-28','yyyy-,mm-dd'), to_date('2012-08-05','yyyy-mm-dd'), 6000, 'E', 'P')
SELECT * FROM dual;
commit;

答案

发布的代码使用INSERT ALL语法在单个语句中插入多行。它尝试使用序列NEXTVAL为每一行生成唯一标识符。

关于NEXTVAL运作的documentation is quite clear：

“在包含对NEXTVAL的引用的单个SQL语句中，Oracle将序列递增一次”

因此，每次对NEXTVAL的调用都会从序列中返回相同的值，因此该语句会抛出ORA-00001。

问题是OP的代码滥用了多表插入语法。它旨在将来自一组源数据的行分布在多个表中，或者有条件地将行操作到一个表中。在任何一种情况下，它都假定源数据已经具有主键。

有很多种方法可以解决这个问题，从硬编码ID到使用多个单表插入语句。

以下是使用发布数据填充这些表的一种方法：

insert into athlete (athlete_no, athlete_name, athlete_birthdate, athlete_birthplace, athlete_born_country, athlete_gender, athlete_height, athlete_weight, athlete_team_country)
select athlete_no_seq.nextval , nm, dt, pl, ctry, gn, ht, wt, tm
from (
    select 'Michael Phelps' nm, to_date('1985-06-30','yyyy-mm-dd') dt, 'Towson' pl, 'USA' ctry, 'M' gn, 193 ht, 88 wt, 'USA' tm from dual union all
    select 'Stephanie Rice', to_date('1988-06-17','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Brisbane', 'AUS', 'F', 176, 67, 'AUS' from dual union all
    select 'Rebecca Adlington', to_date('1989-02-17','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Mansfield', 'GBR', 'F', 179, 870, 'GBR' from dual union all
    select 'Lee Chong Wei', to_date('1982-10-21','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Perak', 'MAS', 'M', 170, 60, 'MAS' from dual union all
    select 'Lin Dan', to_date('1983-10-14','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Fujian', 'CHN', 'M', 176, 68, 'CHN' from dual union all
    select 'Peter Gade', to_date('1976-12-14','yyyy-mm-dd'), 'Aalborg', 'DEN', 'M', 183, 73, 'DEN' from dual
    )
/    

insert into competes (athlete_no, discipline_code, sg_gameno)
select ath.athlete_no, disc.discipline_code, 30
from athlete ath
     cross join discipline disc
where disc.discipline_name = 'Swimming'
/

insert into venue(venue_no, venue_name, venue_location, venue_usedfrom, venueused_to, venue_seatingcapacity, venue_structure, venue_use)
select venue_no_seq.nextval, nm, loc, dtf, dtt, cap, vs, vu
from (
    select 'Aquatics Centre' nm, 'Olympics Park, East London' loc, to_date('2012-07-28','yyyy-mm-dd') dtf, to_date('2012-10-08','yyyy-mm-dd') dtt, 17500 cap, 'N' vs, 'P' vu  from dual union all
    select 'Wembley Arena', 'North West London', to_date('2012-07-28','yyyy-,mm-dd'), to_date('2012-08-05','yyyy-mm-dd'), 6000, 'E', 'P'  from dual 
    )
/