从其他日期时间范围（T-SQL）中减去日期时间范围

Posted 2021-04-09

我需要一些帮助才能创建SQL查询。至少提示如何做到这一点。我有一个带有日期时间范围的表计划表和另一个带有日期时间范围的表UnavailableTimes。从这里我想通过从时间表中减去不可用的时间来获得可用的时间。

T-SQL（测试数据）

CREATE TABLE Schedule (
    ID INT,
    StartTime DATETIME,    
    EndTime DATETIME
)

CREATE TABLE UnavailableTimes (
    ID INT,
    StartTime DATETIME,    
    EndTime DATETIME
)

CREATE TABLE AvailableTimes (
    ID INT,
    StartTime DATETIME,    
    EndTime DATETIME
)

INSERT INTO Schedule (ID, StartTime, EndTime)
VALUES 
    (2, '2018-02-27 08:00', '2018-02-27 12:00'),
    (2, '2018-02-27 13:00', '2018-02-27 17:00')

INSERT INTO UnavailableTimes (ID, StartTime, EndTime)
VALUES 
    (2, '2018-02-27 07:30', '2018-02-27 08:30'),
    (2, '2018-02-27 08:00', '2018-02-27 09:30'),
    (2, '2018-02-27 13:30', '2018-02-27 14:00'),
    (2, '2018-02-27 16:00', '2018-02-27 18:00')

时间表

ID  StartTime           EndTime  
2   2018-02-27 08:00    2018-02-27 12:00  
2   2018-02-27 13:00    2018-02-27 17:00

UnavailableTimes

ID  StartTime           EndTime  
2   2018-02-27 07:30    2018-02-27 08:30  
2   2018-02-27 08:00    2018-02-27 09:30  
2   2018-02-27 13:30    2018-02-27 14:00
2   2018-02-27 16:00    2018-02-27 18:00

我想从Schedule中的时间范围中减去UnavailableTimes中的时间范围，以获得如下可用时间：

AvailableTimes

ID  StartTime           EndTime  
2   2018-02-27 09:30    2018-02-27 12:00  
2   2018-02-27 13:00    2018-02-27 13:30
2   2018-02-27 14:00    2018-02-27 16:00  

编辑：在MJH的帮助下，我得到了开始时间和结束时间。现在我只需将它们放在一起：

;WITH S1 AS (
        SELECT  U.EndTime AS StartTime
        FROM    UnavailableTimes U
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes W
                WHERE   U.EndTime BETWEEN W.StartTime AND DATEADD(s, -1, W.EndTime)
        )
        AND EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    Schedule S
                WHERE   U.EndTime BETWEEN S.StartTime AND S.EndTime
        )
),
S2 AS (
        SELECT  S.StartTime
        FROM    Schedule S
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes U
                WHERE   S.StartTime BETWEEN U.StartTime AND U.EndTime
        )
)
SELECT  StartTime
FROM    S1
UNION ALL
SELECT  StartTime
FROM    S2
ORDER BY 1


;WITH S1 AS (
        SELECT  U.StartTime AS EndTime
        FROM    UnavailableTimes U
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes W
                WHERE   U.StartTime BETWEEN DATEADD(s, 1, W.StartTime) AND W.EndTime
        )
        AND EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    Schedule S
                WHERE   U.StartTime BETWEEN S.StartTime AND S.EndTime
        )
),
S2 AS (
        SELECT  S.EndTime
        FROM    Schedule S
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes U
                WHERE   S.EndTime BETWEEN U.StartTime AND U.EndTime
        )
)
SELECT  EndTime
FROM    S1
UNION ALL
SELECT  EndTime
FROM    S2
ORDER BY 1

答案

这很好，拼图的最后一部分拼凑在一起：

;WITH S1 AS (
        SELECT  U.EndTime AS StartTime
        FROM    UnavailableTimes U
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes W
                WHERE   U.EndTime BETWEEN W.StartTime AND DATEADD(s, -1, W.EndTime)
        )
        AND EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    Schedule S
                WHERE   U.EndTime BETWEEN S.StartTime AND S.EndTime
        )
),
S2 AS (
        SELECT  S.StartTime
        FROM    Schedule S
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes U
                WHERE   S.StartTime BETWEEN U.StartTime AND U.EndTime
        )
),
S3 AS (
        SELECT  StartTime
        FROM    S1
        UNION ALL
        SELECT  StartTime
        FROM    S2
),
S AS (
        SELECT  StartTime, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY StartTime) RN
        FROM    S3
),
E1 AS (
        SELECT  U.StartTime AS EndTime
        FROM    UnavailableTimes U
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes W
                WHERE   U.StartTime BETWEEN DATEADD(s, 1, W.StartTime) AND W.EndTime
        )
        AND EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    Schedule S
                WHERE   U.StartTime BETWEEN S.StartTime AND S.EndTime
        )
),
E2 AS (
        SELECT  S.EndTime
        FROM    Schedule S
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes U
                WHERE   S.EndTime BETWEEN U.StartTime AND U.EndTime
        )
),
E3 AS (
        SELECT  EndTime
        FROM    E1
        UNION ALL
        SELECT  EndTime
        FROM    E2
),
E AS (
        SELECT  EndTime, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY EndTime) RN
        FROM    E3
)
SELECT  S.StartTime, E.EndTime
FROM    S INNER JOIN E
        ON S.RN = E.RN
ORDER BY S.RN

另一答案

我在你的开始时间有一个裂缝，你应该能够自己解决如何做EndTimes：

;WITH S1 AS (
        SELECT  U.EndTime AS StartTime
        FROM    UnavailableTimes U
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes W
                WHERE   U.EndTime BETWEEN W.StartTime AND DATEADD(s, -1, W.EndTime)
        )
        AND EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    Schedule S
                WHERE   U.EndTime BETWEEN S.StartTime AND S.EndTime
        )
),
S2 AS (
        SELECT  S.StartTime
        FROM    Schedule S
        WHERE   NOT EXISTS (
                SELECT  *
                FROM    UnavailableTimes U
                WHERE   S.StartTime BETWEEN U.StartTime AND U.EndTime
        )
)
SELECT  StartTime
FROM    S1
UNION ALL
SELECT  StartTime
FROM    S2
ORDER BY 1