MySql主从复制与读写分离
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一.项目实验拓扑图(使用亿图专家绘图)
二、项目实验思路及重点内容(步骤及重难知识点)
1、实验思路:
第一步 | 在主从节点搭建时间服务器 |
第二步 | 在主从节点安装mysql |
第三步 | 配置mysql主从复制 |
第四步 | 搭建mysql读写分离 |
第五步 | 测试读写分离 |
2、实验环境:
主机 | 操作系统 | IP地址 | 主机软件 |
Master | CentOS6.5 | 192.168.100.150 | cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz |
Slave1 | CentOS6.5 | 192.168.100.151 | cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz |
Slave2 | CentOS6.5 | 192.168.100.152 | cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz |
Amoeba | CentOS6.5 | 192.168.100.153 | amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz Jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin |
客户端 | CentOS6.5 | 192.168.100.154 |
三.项目实验步骤(操作截图和操作命令)
1、配置PC的IP地址和源地址。
(略。。。)
2、搭建时间服务器。
1)主节点上安装ntp时间服务:192.168.100.150
yum -y install ntp
sed -i ‘/^server/s/^/#/g‘ /etc/ntp.conf
cat <<END >>/etc/ntp.conf
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 8
END
/etc/init.d/ntpd restart
netstat -utpln |grep ntp
2)从节点同步时间:192.168.100.151-152
yum -y install ntpdate
/usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.100.150 ##指主服务器IP进行同步时间
3、在主从节点安装MySQL。
1)在主从节点准备mysql的必要安装包。(红色为必要的安装包)
2)在主从节点新建mysql安装脚本和mysql的配置脚本。
安装MySql脚本
[[email protected]]# cat mysql_install.sh
#!/bin/bash
##第一配置yum,安装ncurses依赖包
yum -y install ncurses-*
#解压cmake,安装基础环境
tar zxvf /root/cmake-2.8.6.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
cd /usr/src/cmake-2.8.6
#配置,编译安装cmake
./configure &&gmake &&gmake install
##解压mysql
tar zxvf /root/mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
cd /usr/src/mysql-5.5.22/
#cmake进行配置mysql
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql #指定安装目录\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 #指定字符集为utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci ##指定字符校验 \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all ##支持额外字符集\
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ ##指定配置文件位置
make &&make install #编译安装
if [ -e /usr/local/mysql ];then
echo "mysql install successfully."
fi
配置MySql脚本
[[email protected]]# cat mysql_config.sh
#!/bin/bash
#1.复制配置文件
cp /usr/src/mysql-5.5.22/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#2.添加系统服务
cp /usr/src/mysql-5.5.22/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
#3.优化PATH路径,执行命令时方便,单引号双引号都行
grep mysql /etc/profile
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "PATH is set."
else
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile ##执行文件
fi
#4.初始化mysql,创建用户,赋权
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
#5.启动mysql,并设置为开机启动
if [ -e /tmp/mysql.sock ];then
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
else
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
fi
chkconfig mysqld on
#6.修改密码,并提示密码
mysqladmin -u root password ‘123123‘ &&echo "mysql root password is 123123"
在主从节点安装mysql完成后,重启计算机。
4、配置MySql主从复制。
1)配置主服务器:192.168.100.150
sed -i ‘s/^log-bin=.*/log-bin=master-bin\nlog-slave-updates=ture/g‘ /etc/my.cnf
sed -i ‘/^server-id/s/1/11/g‘ /etc/my.cnf ##设置优先级
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql -uroot -p123123
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘myslave‘@‘192.168.100.%‘ identified by ‘123123‘; ##设置数据库用户的复制从权限
mysql> flush privileges; ##刷新用户授权信息
mysql> show master status;
##记住File的及Position的值,此处为master-bin.000001和339
mysql> create database db_test; ##创建测试数据库
mysql> quit
2)配置从服务器1:192.168.100.151
sed -i ‘/^server-id/s/1/22/g‘ /etc/my.cnf
sed -i ‘/^server-id/arelay-log=relay-log-bin\nrelay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index‘ /etc/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql -uroot -p123123
mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.100.150‘,master_user=‘myslave‘,master_password=‘123123‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=339;
##指向主服务器的文件及目录
mysql> start slave; ##启动同步复制
mysql> show slave status\G;
mysql> show databases; ##验证数据库是否同步
mysql> quit
3)配置从服务器2:192.168.100.152
sed -i ‘/^server-id/s/1/33/g‘ /etc/my.cnf
sed -i ‘/^server-id/arelay-log=relay-log-bin\nrelay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index‘ /etc/my.cnf
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql -uroot -p123123
mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.100.150‘,master_user=‘myslave‘,master_password=‘123123‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=339;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
mysql> show databases; ##验证数据库是否同步
mysql> quit
5、搭建MySQL读写分离。
1)基本配置。
yum -y remove java
chmod +x jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin
./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin
mv jdk1.6.0_14/ /usr/local/jdk1.6
vi /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba
export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME
:wq
source /etc/profile
java -version
mkdir /usr/local/amoeba
tar zxvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba/
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/amoeba/
/usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba ##验证
2)数据授权给amoeba读写权限:
mysql> grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘192.168.100.%‘ identified by ‘123123‘; ##在Master上完成
mysql> show grants for [email protected]‘192.168.100.%‘; ##在192.168.100.151-152上查看是否同步了权限
3)修改配置文件:192.168.100.153
vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/amoeba.xml
30 <property name="user">amoeba</property>
31
32 <property name="password">123456</property>
115 <property name="defaultPool">master</property>
116
117 <property name="writePool">master</property> ##注意删除<!-- -->的注释
118 <property name="readPool">slaves</property>
:set nu ##显示行号
:wq
vim /usr/local/amoeba/conf/dbServers.xml
25 <!-- mysql user -->
26 <property name="user">linuxfan</property> ##该用户必须是上一步授权的用户
27
28 <!-- mysql password --> ##修改
29 <property name="password">123123</property> ##删除下一行的“-->”
44 <dbServer name="master" parent="abstractServer"> ##修改为master
45 <factoryConfig>
46 <!-- mysql ip -->
47 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.100.150</property> ##指定正确的master的ip
51 <dbServer name="slave1" parent="abstractServer"> ##修改为slave1
52 <factoryConfig>
53 <!-- mysql ip -->
54 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.100.151</property> ##指定slave1的ip地址
55 </factoryConfig>
56 </dbServer>
57 <dbServer name="slave2" parent="abstractServer"> ##添加如下6行,指定slave2的ip
58 <factoryConfig>
59 <!-- mysql ip -->
60 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.100.152</property>
61 </factoryConfig>
62 </dbServer>
64 <dbServer name="slaves" virtual="true"> ##修改为slaves
70 <property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property> ##修改集群的成员名称用逗号隔开
:wq
/usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start& ##启动代理服务
netstat -utpln |grep 8066 ##验证
6、测试读写分离。
1)验证主从复制:192.168.100.154
yum -y install mysql
mysql -uamoeba -p123456 -h 192.168.100.153 -P 8066
##登录db集群192.168.100.154
mysql>show databases;
mysql> use db_test;
mysql> create table linuxfan(id int(10),name varchar(10),address varchar(20));
在192.168.100.151-152上查看结果:
mysql -uroot -p123123
mysql> use db_test;
mysql> show tables; ##同步
2)关闭slave1,slave2的复制功能:192.168.100.151-152
mysql> stop slave;
3)分别在master,slave1,slave2上创建不同的数据:
master:
mysql> use db_test;
mysql> insert into linuxfan values(1,‘hehe‘,‘this is master‘);
slave1:
mysql> use db_test;
mysql> insert into linuxfan values(2,‘hehe‘,‘this is slave1‘);
slave2:
mysql> use db_test;
mysql> insert into linuxfan values(3,‘hehe‘,‘this is slave2‘);
4)应用客户端验证读:192.168.100.157
mysql> select * from linuxfan; ##第一次查询
+------+------+----------------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+----------------+
| 2 | hehe | this is slave1 |
+------+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from linuxfan; ##第二次查询
+------+------+----------------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+----------------+
| 3 | hehe | this is slave2 |
+------+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from linuxfan; ##第三次查询
+------+------+----------------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+----------------+
| 2 | hehe | this is slave1 |
+------+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5)应用客户端上验证写:
mysql> insert into linuxfan values(4,‘hehe‘,‘app write test‘); ##写入数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from linuxfan; ##查不到刚写入的数据
+------+------+----------------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+----------------+
| 3 | hehe | this is slave2 |
+------+------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
master上验证:
mysql> select * from linuxfan; ##查到数据
+------+------+----------------+
| id | name | address |
+------+------+----------------+
| 1 | hehe | this is master |
| 4 | hehe | app write test |
+------+------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
app写入数据时,amoeba会将数据路由到master上进行存储,app读取数据时,amoeba会将读的请求一轮询的方式发给slaves组(slave1+slave2),实现读写分离。
master和slaves间配置了主从复制,保证了数据的一致性。
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