Creating a Physical Standby from Primary on Version 12c (Doc ID 1570958.1)

Posted 2021-03-22 Oracle&PostgreSQL

Creating a Physical Standby from Primary on Version 12c (Doc ID 1570958.1)

APPLIES TO:

Oracle Database Cloud Schema Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Machine - Version N/A and later
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Database Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Exadata Express Cloud Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Backup Service - Version N/A and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.
ship

GOAL

NOTE: In the images and/or the document content below, the user information and environment data used represents fictitious data from the Oracle sample schema(s), Public Documentation delivered with an Oracle database product or other training material. Any similarity to actual environments, actual persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental and not intended in any manner.

For the purposes of this document, the following fictitious environment is used as an example to describe the procedure:  为了本文档的目的，以下虚拟环境用作描述此过程的示例

Primary db_name and db_unique_name: BOSTON
Standby db_name:  BOSTON (same as primary db_name)
Standby db_unique_name:  CHICAGO
Directory:  u01/app/oracle

 

NOTE : We cannot create a physical standby at PDB(plugable Database) level. It should be at CDB(Container Database) level i.e entire primary CDB should be cloned/created as physical Standby.

注意：我们无法在PDB（可插入数据库）级别上创建物理备用数据库。它应处于CDB（容器数据库）级别，即应克隆/创建整个主CDB作为物理备用数据库。

Steps includes,  步骤包括

1. Create necessary Directory on standby server.  在备用服务器上创建必要的目录

2.Create pfile and password.  创建pfile和密码

3. Make static listener entry on standby server.  在备用服务器上进行静态侦听器条目

4. Use RMAN Duplicate ..from Active Database to clone Primary CDB.  使用RMAN Duplicate ..from Active Database克隆主CDB

5. Configure primary for remote log shipping and verify MRP progress on standby.  配置主数据库进行远程日志传送，并验证备用数据库上的MRP进度

SOLUTION

1. Create addition Directory on standby server  在备用服务器上创建附加目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/chicago/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/chicago
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago1/pdbseed
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/db1

NOTE : Direcories like pdbseed,chicago1 are specific to 12c.  注意：像 pdbseed，chicago1 这样的目录特定于12c

2. Create pfile

echo ‘db_name=boston‘ > /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initchicago.ora

3. Create Password file or copy from primary

orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwchicago password=<password>

4. Make static listener entry

cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
vi listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = chicago)
(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = chicago)
)
)

-reload or restart listener.
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

 

5. Start the AUX instance at standby side.  在备用端启动AUX实例

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup nomount pfile=‘$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initchicago.ora‘;

 

6. Initiate RMAN DUPLICATE from.. active database to create standby with target connected to primary instance.
  从活动数据库启动RMAN DUPLICATE，以将目标连接到主实例来创建备用数据库

rman target sys/<password>@boston auxiliary sys/<password>@chicago

run
{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
allocate channel prim type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel aux type disk;
duplicate target database for standby from active database spfile
parameter_value_convert ‘boston‘,‘chicago‘
set db_file_name_convert=‘boston‘,‘chicago‘
set log_file_name_convert=‘boston‘,‘chicago‘
set log_archive_max_processes=‘10‘
set db_unique_name=‘chicago‘
set standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘
set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(boston,chicago)‘
set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=chicago‘
set log_Archive_dest_2=‘service=boston async noaffirm reopen=15 valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=boston‘
set log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(boston,chicago)‘;
sql channel aux "alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo1.log‘‘ size 50M";
sql channel aux "alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo2.log‘‘ size 50M";
sql channel aux "alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo3.log‘‘ size 50M";
sql channel aux "alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo4.log‘‘ size 50M";
sql channel prim "alter system archive log current";
sql channel aux "alter database recover managed standby database disconnect";
}

日志

Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jul 11 16:11:51 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: BOSTON (DBID=2509966093)
connected to auxiliary database: BOSTON (not mounted)

RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 12> 13> 14> 15> 16> 17> 18> 19> 20> 21> 22> 23> 24> 25>
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=38 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=61 device type=DISK
.
.
Starting Duplicate Db at 11-JUL-13

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwboston‘ auxiliary format
 ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwchicago‘   targetfile
 ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfileboston.ora‘ auxiliary format
 ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilechicago.ora‘   ;
   sql clone "alter system set spfile= ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilechicago.ora‘‘";
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 11-JUL-13
Finished backup at 11-JUL-13

sql statement: alter system set spfile= ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilechicago.ora‘‘

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  audit_file_dest =
 ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/chicago/adump‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  control_files =
 ‘‘/oradata/chicago/control01.ctl‘‘, ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/chicago/control02.ctl‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  dispatchers =
 ‘‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=chicagoXDB)‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  db_file_name_convert =
 ‘‘boston‘‘, ‘‘chicago‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  log_file_name_convert =
 ‘‘boston‘‘, ‘‘chicago‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  log_archive_max_processes =
 10 comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name =
 ‘‘chicago‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  standby_file_management =
 ‘‘AUTO‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  log_archive_config =
 ‘‘dg_config=(boston,chicago)‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  log_archive_dest_1 =
 ‘‘location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=chicago‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  log_Archive_dest_2 =
 ‘‘service=boston async noaffirm reopen=15 valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=boston‘‘ comment=
 ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set  audit_file_dest =  ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/chicago/adump‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set  control_files =  ‘‘/oradata/chicago/control01.ctl‘‘, ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/chicago/control02.ctl‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  dispatchers =  ‘‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=chicagoXDB)‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  db_file_name_convert =  ‘‘boston‘‘, ‘‘chicago‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  log_file_name_convert =  ‘‘boston‘‘, ‘‘chicago‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  log_archive_max_processes =  10 comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ‘‘chicago‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  standby_file_management =  ‘‘AUTO‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  log_archive_config =  ‘‘dg_config=(boston,chicago)‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  log_archive_dest_1 =  ‘‘location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=boston‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  log_Archive_dest_2 =  ‘‘service=chicago async noaffirm reopen=15 valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=chicago‘‘ comment= ‘‘‘‘ scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set log_archive_config="dg_config=(boston,chicago)" comment=""scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1043886080 bytes

Fixed Size                     2296280 bytes
Variable Size                696256040 bytes
Database Buffers             339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5595136 bytes
allocated channel: aux
channel aux: SID=19 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{
   sql clone ‘alter database mount standby database‘;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to
 "/oradata/chicago/temp01.dbf";
   set newname for tempfile  2 to
 "/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/pdbseed_temp01.dbf";
   set newname for tempfile  3 to
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/chicago1_temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to
 "/oradata/chicago/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to
 "/oradata/chicago/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to
 "/oradata/chicago/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to
 "/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  6 to
 "/oradata/chicago/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  7 to
 "/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  8 to
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  9 to
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  10 to
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  11 to
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/example01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/system01.dbf"   datafile
3 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile
 4 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile
 5 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/system01.dbf"   datafile
 6 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/users01.dbf"   datafile
 7 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile
 8 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/system01.dbf"   datafile
 9 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile
 10 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf"   datafile
 11 auxiliary format
 "/oradata/chicago/chicago1/example01.dbf"   ;
   sql ‘alter system archive log current‘;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME
.
.
executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /oradata/chicago/temp01.dbf in control file
renamed tempfile 2 to /oradata/chicago/pdbseed/pdbseed_temp01.dbf in control file
renamed tempfile 3 to /oradata/chicago/chicago1/chicago1_temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 11-JUL-13
channel c1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/boston/system01.dbf
channel c2: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/boston/sysaux01.dbf
channel c3: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00009 name=/oradata/boston/boston1/sysaux01.dbf
channel c4: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00007 name=/oradata/boston/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
channel prim: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00011 name=/oradata/boston/boston1/example01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/example01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel prim: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:02:16
channel prim: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00008 name=/oradata/boston/boston1/system01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel c3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:03:42
channel c3: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/boston/pdbseed/system01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel c4: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:03:43
channel c4: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/boston/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/system01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel prim: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:52
channel prim: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/oradata/boston/users01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/chicago/users01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel prim: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel prim: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00010 name=/oradata/boston/boston1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf
output file name=/oradata/chicago/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel c4: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:47
output file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel prim: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/oradata/chicago/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel c2: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:04:55
output file name=/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/system01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel c3: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:12
output file name=/oradata/chicago/system01.dbf tag=TAG20130711T161217
channel c1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:05:05
Finished backup at 11-JUL-13

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/system01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/system01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/users01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/system01.dbf
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=820513044 file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=15 STAMP=820513045 file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/SAMPLE_SCHEMA_users01.dbf
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=16 STAMP=820513045 file name=/oradata/chicago/chicago1/example01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 11-JUL-13

sql statement: alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo1.log‘‘ size 50M

sql statement: alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo2.log‘‘ size 50M

sql statement: alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo3.log‘‘ size 50M

sql statement: alter database add standby logfile ‘‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/chicago/stdbyredo4.log‘‘ size 50M

sql statement: alter system archive log current

sql statement: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect

released channel: c1
released channel: c2
released channel: c3
released channel: c4
released channel: prim
released channel: aux

RMAN>

Recovery Manager complete.

 

7. Prepare Primary database to ship REDO to standby.  准备主数据库以将REDO发送到备用数据库

a, Define log_archive_config value,  定义log_archive_config值

This parameter should have all the participating databases in the same DG configuration. Lets say this parameter tells about primary and all the participating standby(physical,logical,far sync) in DG configuration.
此参数应使所有参与的数据库处于同一DG配置中。可以说，此参数说明了DG配置中的主要和所有参与的备用数据库(physical,logical,far sync)

SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(boston,Chicago)‘ SCOPE=BOTH;

System altered.

NOTE : log_archive_config value is not case sensitive.  --不区分大小写

 

b. Set remote log shipping,  设置远程日志传送

@primary,

SQL>alter system set log_archive_dest_6=‘service=chicago async valid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=chicago‘;

System altered.                                                                         

NOTE : Here primary use ASYNC redo transport method to ship REDO to standby.  注意：这里主要使用ASYNC重做传输方法将REDO发送到备用数据库
For details on REDO transport related parameters refer,

Data Guard Concepts and Administration
12c Release 1 (12.1)

TOPIC : 17 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Parameter Attributes

c. Verify redo log shipping,  验证重做日志传送

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> col error for a30
SQL> select dest_id,error,status,log_sequence,applied_scn from v$archive_dest where dest_id=2;

   DEST_ID ERROR                          STATUS    LOG_SEQUENCE APPLIED_SCN
---------- ------------------------------ --------- ------------ -----------
         2                                VALID               63     2133221

 

8. Verify Standby is applying,  确认备用服务器正在应用

NOTE : MRP already started after the RMAN duplicate.  注意：RMAN复制后，MRP已经启动

SQL> select process,status,thread#,sequence#,blocks from v#managed_standby where process like ‘%MRP%‘;

process      status                   thread# sequence# blocks

-------------  ----------------------  --------------  -------------  --------
MRP            WAITING_FOR_LOG    1                 64            0