linux下静默安装oracle

Posted 2021-03-09 冥思苦想

linux下静默安装oracle

centos7.7
oracle11gR2

安装前的准备

1禁用ipv6

新加

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

修改/etc/hosts,把ipv6那句本地主机名解析的注释掉

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts 

# ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

在/etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf文件中添加

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/modprobe.d/dist.conf 

alias net-pf-10 off
alias ipv6 off

2在/etc/hosts文件添加本机IP跟主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts 

192.168.0.33 localhost.localdomain

3关闭selinux

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 

SELINUX=disabled

4关闭firewalld防火墙

关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

关闭开机自启动防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

查看防火墙状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

5安装oracle 11g依赖包

yum -y install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static elfutils-libelf-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel

6修改内核参数

添加

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

io-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

让更改的配置立即生效

[root@localhost ~]# sysctl –p

7修改用户的限制文件

添加

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 

oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

8修改/etc/pam.d/login文件

添加

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login 

session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so

9修改/etc/profile文件

添加

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
   ulimit -p 16384
   ulimit -n 65536
  else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

10新建oracle用户并加入oinstall、dba组中

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle

查看

[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba)

11创建安装目录,修改文件权限

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/

[root@localhost ~]# ll /u01/app/
total 0
drwxrwxr-x. 11 oracle oinstall 169 Feb 18 07:31 oracle

准备安装

1 将oracle软件包放在/tmp目录下

可以通过wget从官网下载,或者通过xftp上传

[root@localhost ~]# ll /tmp/

-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1239269270 Feb  2 21:36 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1111416131 Feb  2 21:35 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

2解压

安装解压软件

[root@localhost ~]# yum install unzip zip -y

解压

[root@localhost tmp]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 
[root@localhost tmp]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 

在tmp目录下多了一个目录

[root@localhost tmp]# ls database/
doc  install  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

3切换到oracle用户,设置oracle用户环境变量

[root@localhost tmp]# su - oracle
Last login: Tue Feb 18 07:50:52 CST 2020 from 192.168.0.31 on pts/0

添加

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile 

export PATH
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

4编辑配置文件/tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp

备份配置文件

[root@localhost oracle]# cp /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp /root/

编辑

[root@localhost oracle]# vim /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

5根据配置文件安装oracle

oracle用户下,/tmp/database/目录下执行

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp

6报错:交换分区不足

Checking swap space: 0 MB available, 150 MB required. 

创建交换分区

[oracle@localhost database]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost database]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=300000
[root@localhost database]# mkswap /swapfile 
[root@localhost database]# swapon /swapfile 

查看

[root@localhost database]# swapon -s
Filename                Type        Size    Used    Priority
/swapfile                               file    299996  0   -2

加入到文件中

[root@localhost database]# vim /etc/fstab
/swapfile       swap    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@localhost database]# chown root:root /swapfile 
[root@localhost database]# chmod 0600 /swapfile 

7再次安装当出现如下界面,已经按照完成

/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
     1. Open a terminal window 
     2. Log in as "root" 
     3. Run the scripts 
     4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

8切换root用户运行脚本

[root@localhost database]# sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh 
[root@localhost database]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh 

配置监听

1切换到oracle用户,执行netca命令

[root@localhost database]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/netca.rsp
****DISPLAY environment variable not set!
    Oracle Net Configuration Assistant is a GUI tool
    which requires that DISPLAY specify a location
    where GUI tools can display.
    Set and export DISPLAY, then re-run.

当提示如上,需要配置DISPLAY变量

[oracle@localhost ~]$ export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0

当提示

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/netca.rsp
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/jdk/jre/lib/amd64/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647)

需要安装

[root@localhost oracle]# yum install libXp
[root@localhost oracle]# yum install libXp-devel

再次执行上面netca语句,输入下面内容,则成功执行

Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

2会生成listener.ora和sqlnet.ora两个文件

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/
listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora

3查看监听端口

[root@localhost oracle]# yum install net-tools
[root@localhost oracle]# netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      14861/tnslsnr 

建立新库和实例

1root用户下,修改配置文件

[root@localhost oracle]# vim /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp 

GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION = /u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

2进行静默配置

[root@localhost oracle]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

3完成建库后进行实例检查

[oracle@localhost ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle    16464      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle    16466      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle    16470      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle    16472      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle    16474      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle    16476      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle    16478      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle    16480      1  0 07:32 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl

4查看监听状态

[oracle@localhost ~]$  lsnrctl status

底部出现如下信息,即成功

The command completed successfully

5登录查看实例状态

[oracle@localhost database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Feb 18 18:54:16 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> 

6启动数据库

SQL> startup
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first

我是重启过机器,再次尝试,成功

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 759943168 bytes
Fixed Size 2217224 bytes
Variable Size 448793336 bytes
Database Buffers 306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers 2748416 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> select * from v$database;

  DBID NAME      CREATED   RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS

---

PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# PRIOR_RES LOG_MODE CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

...
```